Assessment of infraorbital foramen position using computed tomography-scan in a cohort of Cameroonian adults: landmarks in facial surgery and anesthesiology

Anatomical study of the zygomaticofacial foramen and zygomatic canals communicating with the zygomaticofacial foramen for zygomatic implant treatment: a cadaver study with micro-computed tomography analysis

In the present study, anatomical assessment of zygomaticofacial foramina (ZFFs) and zygomatic canals communicating with ZFFs were performed using cadaver micro-computed tomography images. It was suggested that all ZFFs were located above the jugale (Ju)-zygomaxillare (Zm) line, which is the reference line connecting the Ju and Zm, and most were located in the zygomatic body area (ZBA). The anteroposterior position of the ZFF in the ZBA was within a middle to posterior region and was most often located slightly posteriorly in males and closer to the middle of the region in females. The mean distance from the Ju-Zm line to the ZFF in the ZBA was 12.36 mm (standard deviation [SD] 1.52 mm) in males and 11.48 mm (SD 1.61 mm) in females. In zygomatic canals communicating with ZFFs, most zygomatic canals were type I canals, communicating from the zygomaticoorbital foramen and harboring the zygomaticofacial nerve, and the others were type II canals, communicating from the zygomaticotemporal foramen and located near the posterior margin of the frontal process. These results provide useful anatomical information for preventing nerve injury during surgical procedures for zygomatic implant treatment.

Evaluation of Infraorbital Foramen Position Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Cohort of Central Gujarat, Indian Population

OBJECTIVE

The location of infraorbital foramen varies between geographic locations. Thus, population-specific information is required to facilitate the prediction of its exact location.

METHODS

 A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections to evaluate the distance between the infraorbital foramen and incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor, the occlusal plane of the maxillary second premolar, and the alveolar crest over the maxillary second premolar using CBCT in Central Gujarat, Indian population. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to calculate means and standard deviations for each measured parameter. The statistical significance level was defined at p<0.05.

RESULTS

The distance between the infraorbital foramen and incisal surface of the maxillary central incisor was (mean ± standard deviation) R=49.39 ± 3.12 mm and L=49.49 ± 3.29 mm, the occlusal plane of the maxillary second premolar was R=39.02 ± 2.65 mm and L=39.49 ± 2.53 mm, and the alveolar crest over the maxillary second premolar was R=32.64 ± 2.67 mm and L=31.64 ± 2.33 mm. There was no significant difference in the mean values of all variables between genders and age groups (p>0.05). The distance between the infraorbital foramen and the alveolar crest over the maxillary second premolar was greater on the right side (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results of this study were analogous to those observed in a cohort of the Turkish population but varied from those observed in a cohort of the Sri Lankan population. Hence, more population-specific studies are required.