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Zipprich H, Ecker S, Gutmann P, Seidel K, Weigl P, Schlee M, Brandt S. Simulating the Entire Clinical Process for an Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis: In Vitro Study on the Vertical Implications of Implant-Abutment Connections and Rotational Freedom. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e924. [PMID: 39016106 PMCID: PMC11252831 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether and to what extent different scenarios of rotational freedom in different IAC designs affect the vertical dimension of a three-part fixed partial denture (FPD). At the same time, the experimental setup should simulate all clinical and laboratory steps of the implementation of such an FPD as accurately as possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty identical pairs of jaw models were fabricated from aluminum, each lower-jaw model holding two implants with conical or flat IACs. Three impressions of each model were taken to fabricate stone casts and three-unit FPDs. Three assembly scenarios were compared for the vertical position stability they offered for these FPDs, differing by how the sequential implant components (impression posts > laboratory analogs > abutments 1 > abutments 2) were aligned with the positional index of the IAC. In this way, a total of 60 stone casts and FPDs were fabricated and statistically analyzed for changes in vertical dimension (p < 0.05). RESULTS Regardless of whether a conical/flat IAC was used (p > 0.05), significantly greater mean changes in vertical dimension were consistently (all comparisons p < 0.0001) found in a "worst-case scenario" of component alignment alternating between the left- and right-limit stop of the positional index (0.286/0.350 mm) than in a "random scenario" of 10 dentists and 10 technicians with varying levels of experience freely selecting the alignment (0.003/0.014 mm) or in a "best-case scenario" of all components being aligned with the right-limit stop (-0.019/0.005 mm). CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of integrating a superstructure correctly in terms of vertical dimension appears to vary considerably more with assembly strategies than with IAC designs. Specifically, our findings warrant a recommendation that all implant components should be aligned with the right-limit stop of the positioning index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Zipprich
- Department of ProsthodonticsGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Pauline Gutmann
- Department of ProsthodonticsGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Kathrin Seidel
- Department of ProsthodonticsGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Paul Weigl
- Department of Postgradute EducationGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Silvia Brandt
- Department of ProsthodonticsGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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Berberi A, Zoghbi AE, Aad G, Tehini G. Immediate Loading Using the Digitalized Customized Restoration of Single-tooth Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets in the Aesthetic Anterior Maxilla: A 10-Year Prospective Study of Marginal Bone Level. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:213-220. [PMID: 38690692 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to assess marginal bone level around single implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets in the anterior maxillary region and instantly restored with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized temporary crowns cemented on the final abutment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 patients (15 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 30 years), where 20 were placed in fresh extraction sockets. After raising a full-thickness flap, atraumatic extraction was performed the implant site was prepared and fixtures were stabilized on the palatal bone wall. The implant location was immediately transmitted to the prepared master model using the pick-up impression coping seated in the surgical guide template. Prefabricated abutments were used as the final abutment on the master model, scanned and the crown was planned using computer-aided manufacturing customized software. Later on 8th weeks, abutments were torqued as per the manufacturer's recommendation, and the final crowns were cemented. Using personalized intraoral radiographs marginal bone level was evaluated mesially and distally to the implant shoulder as a reference at implant placement, 8 weeks, 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after loading. RESULTS Wholly implants were osteo-integrated positively after 10 years of practical loading, but only 18 were available for clinical and radiological follow-up, and 2 patients with two implants were excluded from the study due to relocation abroad without any implant failure. The average marginal bone loss (MBL) in the current report was 0.16 ± 0.167 mm at crown cementation, 0.275 ± 0.171 mm after 1 year, 0.265 ± 0.171 mm after 3 years, 0.213 ± 0.185 mm after 5 years, and 0.217 ± 0.194 mm at 10 years. CONCLUSION The strategy of inserting and not removing the final abutment at the time of implant placement facilitates the establishment of adequate attachment of both soft and hard tissues to the abutment surface, ensuring uninterrupted organization of tissue architecture and offers advantages in helping maintain soft tissue maturation and preventing marginal bone level. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Immediately loaded implants in freshly extracted sockets lead to a significant reduction in marginal ridge resorption. The use of a temporary crown on a prefabricated abutment, exclusive of successive abutment manipulation, proved effective in preserving the primarily founding blood clot and served as a prototype for shaping the soft tissue around the previously wounded gum. How to cite this article: Berberi A, El Zoghbi A, Aad G, et al. Immediate Loading Using the Digitalized Customized Restoration of Single-tooth Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets in the Aesthetic Anterior Maxilla: A 10-Year Prospective Study of Marginal Bone Level. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):213-220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berberi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +961 37331173, e-mail: ;
| | - Amine El Zoghbi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Faculty of Dental Medicine Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Aad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Georges Tehini
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut Lebanon, and College of Healthcare Technology, American University of Baghdad
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Kunrath MF, Gerhardt MDN. Trans-mucosal platforms for dental implants: Strategies to induce muco-integration and shield peri-implant diseases. Dent Mater 2023; 39:846-859. [PMID: 37537095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trans-mucosal platforms connecting the bone-anchored implants to the prosthetic teeth are essential for the success of oral rehabilitation in implant dentistry. This region promotes a challenging environment for the successfulness of dental components due to the transitional characteristics between soft and hard tissues, the presence of bacteria, and mechanical forces. This review explored the most current approaches to modify trans-mucosal components in terms of macro-design and surface properties. METHODS This critical review article revised intensely the literature until July 2023 to demonstrate, discuss, and summarize the current knowledge about marketable and innovative trans-mucosal components for dental implants. RESULTS A large number of dental implant brands have promoted the development of several implant-abutment designs in the clinical market. The progress of abutment designs shows an optimistic reduction of bacteria colonization underlying the implant-abutment gap, although, not completely inhibited. Fundamental and preclinical studies have demonstrated promising outcomes for altered-surface properties targeting antibacterial properties and soft tissue sealing. Nanotopographies, biomimetic coatings, and antibiotic-release properties have been shown to be able to modulate, align, orient soft tissue cells, and induce a reduction in biofilm formation, suggesting superior abilities compared to the current trans-mucosal platforms available on the market. SIGNIFICANCE Future clinical implant-abutments show the possibility to reduce peri-implant diseases and fortify soft tissue interaction with the implant-substrate, defending the implant system from bacteria invasion. However, the absence of technologies translated to commercial stages reveals the need for findings to "bridge the gap" between scientific evidences published and applied science in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício do N Gerhardt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Clinical Outcomes of Dental Implants with Two Different Internal Connection Configurations—A RCT. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to highlight clinical and radiographical differences among implants sharing the same macro-geometry but with two different prosthodontic connections. Methods: Patients requiring at least 2 implants in the posterior area of the jaw were randomly divided into two groups (Conical (CS) and Internal Hexagonal (IH) connection). At implant surgery (T0), insertion torque, implant stability quotient (ISQ values recorded by resonance frequency analysis, RFA), and soft tissue thickness (STH) were assessed. A 1-abutment/1-time protocol was applied, and the prosthesis was realized following a fully digital workflow. At the 36-month follow-up periapical x-rays were taken. In order to statistically analyse differences among the two groups and the different variables, paired T-test was used. Linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze how marginal bone loss (MBL) was affected by other independent variables. A neural network created to predict the success (good or not good) of the implant itself was implemented. Results: 30 out of 33 patients (14 males, 16 females, mean age: 68.94 ± 13.01 years) (32 CS and 32 IH) were analyzed. No implants failed. Marginal bone loss at the 3-year time-point was 0.33 ± 0.34 mm and 0.43 ± 0.37 mm respectively for CS and IH with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.004). The presence of keratinized gingiva (p = 0.034) significantly influenced MBL. Conclusions: Both the implant connections investigated presented optimal clinical outcomes with minimal marginal bone loss; however, CS implants and implants with the presence of a greater width of keratinized tissue presented significantly lower MBL.
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Bacterial infiltration and detorque at the implant abutment morse taper interface after masticatory simulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17103. [PMID: 36224228 PMCID: PMC9556662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bacterial infiltration and the detorque of indexed and non-indexed abutments of Morse taper implants (MTI) after mechanical cycling (MC). 40 MTI were distributed into four groups: IIA (indexed implant abutments); NIIA (non-indexed implant abutments); IIAMC (indexed implant abutments submitted to MC); NIIAMC (non-indexed implant abutments submitted to MC), which were carried out under one million 5 Hz frequency and 3 Bar pressure. After mechanical cycling, all groups were immersed in a bacterial solution in Brain Heart Infusion Agar. After detorque, the bacteria infiltration was evaluated by counting the colony-forming units. For the bacterial infiltration, analysis was applied to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.0176) followed by Dunn's test. For the detorque analysis, the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied, followed by the Tukey's test (p < 0.0001). Bacteria infiltration was highly observed in NIIA (p = 0.0027) and were absent in IIAMC and NIIAMC. The detorque values for IIA (19.96Ncm ± 0.19Ncm), NIIA (19.90Ncm ± 0.83Ncm), and NIIAMC (19.51Ncm ± 0,69Ncm) were similar and remained close to the initial value, while IIAMC (55.2Ncm ± 2.36Ncm) showed an extremely significant torque value increase (p < 0.0001). The mechanical cycling resulted in mechanical sealing of the implant-abutment interface, preventing bacterial infiltration in the indexed and non-indexed specimens, and increasing the detorque strength in the group of indexed abutments.
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Kruse AB, Wild V, Ratka-Krüger P, Vach K, Frisch E. Peri-implant bone-level changes in the second decade of loading with regard to the implant-abutment connection: a retrospective study on implants under systematic aftercare. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:104. [PMID: 34570335 PMCID: PMC8476678 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study investigates the change in the peri-implant bone level (PBL) during the 2nd decade of intraoral function in patients complying with a 'supportive implant therapy' (SIT) program. The results were statistically analyzed with respect to the implant abutment connection used. METHODS In a private practice, only patients with 20-year SIT compliance were identified. Of these, all patients with 10- and 20-year radiographs available were selected. Therefore, no control group was possible and implant losses had to be excluded. Two experienced researchers assessed the peri-implant bone levels. As three different abutment connection concepts (bone-level butt-joint, bone-level conical and tissue-level conical) and two different implant surfaces (machined vs. roughened) were involved, statistical analyses were performed to detect potential differences. RESULTS Ninety-three implants from 36 patients with 20-year SIT compliance and available radiographs were included in the study. At study baseline (10 years intraoral), a mean bone loss of - 1.7 mm (median - 1.2; standard deviation [sd] 1.4, range: 0 to - 7.2) was recorded. After 20 years, we found a mean bone loss of - 2.5 mm (median - 2.3, sd 1.79, range: - 0.5 to + 7.4). Furthermore, we found a mean bone loss of 0.8 mm in intraoral function from year 10 to year 20 (mean: 0.08 mm per year); this change was independent of the abutment connection type. CONCLUSIONS During the 2nd decade of function, peri-implant bone loss in patients with SIT compliance might be small in value and should not be expected in all implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brigitte Kruse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Wild
- Zahn Service Center Stuttgart, Charlottenplatz 6, 70173, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krüger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Freiburg, Zinkmattenstr. 6A, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Frisch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Northern Hessia Implant Center, Industriestr. 17A, 34369, Hofgeismar, Germany
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Gehrke P, Burg S, Peters U, Beikler T, Fischer C, Rupp F, Schweizer E, Weigl P, Sader R, Smeets R, Schäfer S. Bacterial translocation and microgap formation at a novel conical indexed implant abutment system for single crowns. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1375-1389. [PMID: 34401947 PMCID: PMC8816325 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A conometric concept was recently introduced in which conical implant abutments hold the matching crown copings by friction alone, eliminating the need for cement or screws. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the presence of microgap formation and bacterial leakage at the Acuris conometric restorative interface of three different implant abutment systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 75 Acuris samples of three implant-abutment systems (Ankylos, Astra Tech EV, Xive) were subjected to microbiological (n = 60) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) investigation (n = 15). Bacterial migration into and out of the conical coupling system were analyzed in an anaerobic workstation for 48, 96, 144, and 192 h. Bacterial DNA quantification using qrt-PCR was performed at each time point. The precision of the conometric coupling and internal fit of cemented CAD/CAM crowns on corresponding Acuris TiN copings were determined by means of SEM. RESULTS qrt-PCR results failed to demonstrate microbial leakage from or into the Acuris system. SEM analysis revealed minute punctate microgaps at the apical aspect of the conometric junction (2.04 to 2.64 µm), while mean cement gaps of 12 to 145 µm were observed at the crown-coping interface. CONCLUSIONS The prosthetic morse taper connection of all systems examined does not allow bacterial passage. Marginal integrity and internal luting gap between the ceramic crown and the coping remained within the clinically acceptable limits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Conometrically seated single crowns provide sufficient sealing efficiency, relocating potential misfits from the crown-abutment interface to the crown-coping interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gehrke
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Private Practice for Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Bismarckstraße 27, 67059, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Simon Burg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Fischer
- Dental Laboratory, Sirius Ceramics, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ernst Schweizer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul Weigl
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sogand Schäfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251Hamburg, Germany
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Carlos LV, C Carlos N, Sm Karina L, K Sunil B, E Carlos P, G Olga L. Comparative study of bacterial microfiltration in the implant-abutment interface, with straight and conical internal connections, in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1014-1024. [PMID: 34151544 PMCID: PMC8638306 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine the presence of marginal bacterial microfiltration in the IAI in different implant/abutment systems, in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six implants from seven different brand names, 4 with cone and 3 with straight connections were used, implant and abutment were connected using the Ncm tightening as indicated by each of the manufacturers and then were sealed. The samples were subjected occlusal load and thermal cycling, a first sample of each group was observed by micro CT and in a second sample (both samples randomly selected) length of connection was measured, while the rest of the samples were mounted on devices according to the bacterial microfiltration model with Porphyromonas gingivalis. RESULTS Two of the conical connection system groups did not present bacterial microfiltration, one of the three straight connection groups only microfiltered in one sample, while the other two conical as well as the two straight connection samples showed different and important levels of bacterial microfiltration, all groups presented a direct relationship between the implant-abutment adjustment determined by micro-CT and bacterial microfiltration levels, not related to the connection length. CONCLUSION Only two conical connection systems presented no bacterial microfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larrucea V Carlos
- Ex-Postgrado de Rehabilitación Oral, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Navarro C Carlos
- Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Boda K Sunil
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Padilla E Carlos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Lobos G Olga
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Romanos GE, Fischer GA, Delgado-Ruiz R. Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1067. [PMID: 33494539 PMCID: PMC7865642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to analyze the process of wear of implants leading to the shedding of titanium particles into the peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Titanium is considered highly biocompatible with low corrosion and toxicity, but recent studies indicate that this understanding may be misleading as the properties of the material change drastically when titanium nanoparticles (NPs) are shed from implant surfaces. These NPs are immunogenic and are associated with a macrophage-mediated inflammatory response by the host. The literature discussed in this review indicates that titanium NPs may be shed from implant surfaces at the time of implant placement, under loading conditions, and during implant maintenance procedures. We also discuss the significance of the micro-gap at the implant-abutment interface and the effect of size of the titanium particles on their toxicology. These findings are significant as the titanium particles can have adverse effects on local soft and hard tissues surrounding implants, implant health and prognosis, and even the health of systemic tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerard A. Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
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Marginal Adaptation and Microbial Leakage at Conometric Prosthetic Connections for Implant-Supported Single Crowns: An In Vitro Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020881. [PMID: 33477311 PMCID: PMC7830972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraging clinical results were reported on a novel cone-in-cone coupling for the fixation of dental implant-supported crowns (Acuris, Dentsply Sirona Implants, Mölndal, Sweden). However, the presence or absence of a microgap and a potential bacterial leakage at the conometric joint has not yet been investigated. A misfit and a resulting gap between the conometric components could potentially serve as a bacterial reservoir that promotes plaque formation, which in turn may lead to inflammation of the peri-implant tissues. Thus, a two-fold study set-up was designed in order to evaluate the bidirectional translocation of bacteria along conometrically seated single crowns. On conometric abutments filled with a culture suspension of anaerobic bacteria, the corresponding titanium nitride-coated (TiN) caps were fixed by friction. Each system was sterilized and immersed in culture medium to provide an optimal environment for microbial growth. Positive and negative controls were prepared. Specimens were stored in an anaerobic workstation, and total and viable bacterial counts were determined. Every 48 h, samples were taken from the reaction tubes to inoculate blood agar plates and to isolate bacterial DNA for quantification using qrt-PCR. In addition, one Acuris test system was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the precision of fit of the conometric coupling and marginal crown opening. Throughout the observational period of one week, blood agar plates of the specimens showed no viable bacterial growth. qrt-PCR, likewise, yielded a result approaching zero with an amount of about 0.53 × 10−4 µg/mL DNA. While the luting gap/marginal opening between the TiN-cap and the ceramic crown was within the clinically acceptable range, the SEM analysis failed to identify a measurable microgap at the cone-in-cone junction. Within the limits of the in-vitro study it can be concluded that the Acuris conometric interface does not allow for bacterial translocation under non-dynamic loading conditions.
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Kim JH, Noh G, Hong SJ, Lee H. Biomechanical stress and microgap analysis of bone-level and tissue-level implant abutment structure according to the five different directions of occlusal loads. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:316-321. [PMID: 33149853 PMCID: PMC7604240 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.5.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The stress distribution and microgap formation on an implant abutment structure was evaluated to determine the relationship between the direction of the load and the stress value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two types of three-dimensional models for the mandibular first molar were designed: bone-level implant and tissue-level implant. Each group consisted of an implant, surrounding bone, abutment, screw, and crown. Static finite element analysis was simulated through 200 N of occlusal load and preload at five different load directions: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°. The von Mises stress of the abutment and implant was evaluated. Microgap formation on the implant-abutment interface was also analyzed. RESULTS The stress values in the implant were as follows: 525, 322, 561, 778, and 1150 MPa in a bone level implant, and 254, 182, 259, 364, and 436 MPa in a tissue level implant at a load direction of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°, respectively. For microgap formation between the implant and abutment interface, three to seven-micron gaps were observed in the bone level implant under a load at 45 and 60°. In contrast, a three-micron gap was observed in the tissue level implant under a load at only 60°. CONCLUSION The mean stress of bone-level implant showed 2.2 times higher than that of tissue-level implant. When considering the loading point of occlusal surface and the direction of load, higher stress was noted when the vector was from the center of rotation in the implant prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dental Education, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunwoo Noh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Jin Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Naser mostofy SH, Zarbakhsh A, Alaei MM, Bitaraf T. Evaluation of the Effect of Zirconia and Titanium Abutments on Microleakage of Implant-Abutment Interface Under Oblique Cyclic Loading In Vitro. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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13
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The Effect of One-Abutment at One-Time on Marginal Bone Loss Around Implants Placed in Healed Bone: A Systematic Review of Human Studies. IMPLANT DENT 2019; 28:603-612. [PMID: 31373902 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the present article was to review the effect and the clinical significance of abutment dis- and reconnection on the peri-implant marginal bone levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS English articles published from 2009 to April 2019 were identified on the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Comparative in vivo studies on humans were included. RESULTS A total of 4 studies with different levels of bias were included in this review. A significant heterogeneity of the reported data was observed, which limited the comparison of the findings. The only parameter that was homogenous throughout all 4 studies was the marginal bone level measurement. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present review, it can be suggested that minimizing the number of abutment dis- and reconnections would be beneficial to ensure minimal disruption to the peri-implant tissue and marginal bone level. However, the clinical significance of the marginal bone level changes is still inconclusive.
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Romanos GE, Delgado-Ruiz R, Sculean A. Concepts for prevention of complications in implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:7-17. [PMID: 31407435 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of dental implants is nowadays a well-accepted and highly predictable treatment modality for restoring the dentition and reestablishing the masticatory function of edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Despite the high predictability and excellent long-term survival rates reported for implant therapy, complications may still occur and can jeopardize both short- and long-term success. The present paper provides an overview on the most important aspects related to the etiology, prevention, and management of complications associated with implant therapy. Data from the literature indicate that a number of factors, such as surgical trauma, implant diameter, type of implant-abutment connection, abutment disconnection and reconnection, presence of microgap, and implant malpositioning, can substantially influence the biologic processes of bone remodeling and biofilm formation, thus increasing the rate of short- and long-term hard- and soft-tissue complications. Other factors, such as excess cement at cement-retained prosthetic restorations, abutment mobility, and infections (e.g. peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) caused by bacterial biofilm, are further causes for complications and failures. More recent evidence also indicates that besides the need for sufficient bone volume surrounding the implant, the presence of an adequate width and thickness of attached mucosa may improve biofilm control and limit crestal bone resorption. Furthermore, emerging evidence points also to the pivotal role of human factors as one of the most important causes of complications in implant dentistry. It can be concluded that clinicians need to consider all biologic and biomechanical factors affecting implant placement and survival, as well as undergo adequate training to improve their surgical skills to control and prevent implant complications. Careful patient selection and control of environmental and systemic factors, such as smoking, diabetes etc., coupled with an accurate surgical and prosthetic planning, enable a better prevention and control of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Koutouzis T. Implant‐abutment connection as contributing factor to peri‐implant diseases. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:152-166. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Koutouzis
- Department of Periodontology College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale Florida USA
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Efficacy of a Polyglycol Dimethacrylate-Based Adhesive in Sealing the Implant-Abutment Interface. IMPLANT DENT 2019; 28:265-271. [PMID: 31124823 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a polyglycol dimethacrylate-based adhesive in preventing bacterial leakage through implant-abutment interfaces (IAIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS After implant installation, the adhesive was applied in the experimental group (n = 10). None was applied in the control group (n = 10). Samples were collected from the inner walls of implants on days 0 and 90. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect bacterial DNA. RESULTS All samples from the control group, versus 30% from the experimental group, harbored bacterial DNA on day 90. CONCLUSIONS This polyglycol dimethacrylate-based adhesive may be used to seal the IAI. Further studies are warranted to verify its effectiveness over longer time periods.
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17
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Kofron MD, Carstens M, Fu C, Wen HB. In vitro assessment of connection strength and stability of internal implant-abutment connections. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 65:92-99. [PMID: 31005695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various connections have been machined to improve the fit between the dental abutment and implant. In vivo, the instability created by imprecisely fitting components can cause soft tissue irritation and bacterial colonization of the implant system. The aim of this study was to quantify abutment stability under in vitro force applications. METHODS Abutment stability and fit were quantitatively measured after application of rotational, vertical, and horizontal forces. FINDINGS The abutment connection held by friction (Friction-Fit) was the only group to have 0° angular rotation. A significantly greater vertical force was required to pull the abutment from the implant for the Friction-Fit connection as compared to all other experimental groups. The abutment connection held by a mechanically locking friction-fit with four grooves (CrossFit) and Friction-Fit demonstrated significantly lower lateral movement as compared to all other connections. The remaining connections evaluated included two hexagon connections that rely on screw placement for abutment fit (Conical + Hex #1 and Conical + Hex #2), one connection with protruding slots to align with recessed channels inside the implant (Conical + 6 Indexing Slots), and an internal connection that allows for abutment indexing every 120° (Internal Tri-Channel). INTERPRETATION Internal connection geometry influenced the degree of abutment movement. Friction-Fit and CrossFit connections exhibited the lowest rotational and horizontal motions. Significant differences were found between Friction-Fit and CrossFit following the application of a vertical force, with the Friction-Fit requiring a significantly greater pull force to separate the abutment from the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Kofron
- Biomet 3i, LLC, a Zimmer Biomet company, 4555 Riverside Drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States.
| | - Matthew Carstens
- Biomet 3i, LLC, a Zimmer Biomet company, 4555 Riverside Drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States
| | - Cong Fu
- Biomet 3i, LLC, a Zimmer Biomet company, 4555 Riverside Drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States
| | - Hai Bo Wen
- Biomet 3i, LLC, a Zimmer Biomet company, 4555 Riverside Drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States
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Micromotion of implant-abutment interfaces (IAI) after loading: correlation of finite element analysis with in vitro performances. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1133-1144. [PMID: 30656596 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Micromotion between IAI affects long-term survival rate of dental implants. The use of practical implants for mechanical test is costly. Finite element analysis (FEA) could test the micron level deformation changes, but whether it reflects the in vitro mechanical performances remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the correlation between IAI micromotion of FEA and in vitro performances. The two-step-two-component FEA method was used to test the relative deformation between IAI for three implant designs (M1, M2, and M3) during torque loading and cyclic oblique loading. The micromotion was divided into directions that perpendicular to (x-axis) and parallel to (y-axis) IAI. In vitro experiments on the micromotion relevant performance of IAI microleakage (tested by toluidine blue releasing with a spectrometer) and IAI locked condition (tested by abutment removal force tests after detaching the central screws) were also conducted for the identical implant systems (G1, G2, and G3). One-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation tests were performed for data analysis. FEA illustrated that the three implant systems performed different micromotion patterns. Significant differences were found in the IAI microleakage and removal force among the groups. Positive correlations were found between FEA and in vitro outcomes. Therefore, the two-step-two-component FEA method is an appropriate method to evaluate the IAI micromotion after loading. Graphical abstract The correspondence of IAI micromotion between FEA analysis and in vitro performances.
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Larrucea C, Conrado A, Olivares D, Padilla C, Barrera A, Lobos O. Bacterial microleakage at the abutment-implant interface, in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:360-367. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larrucea
- Postgrado de Rehabilitación Oral; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Aparicio Conrado
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Denise Olivares
- Postgrado de Rehabilitación Oral; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Carlos Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Andrea Barrera
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Olga Lobos
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
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Raffaini FC, Freitas AR, Silva TSO, Cavagioni T, Oliveira JF, Albuquerque Junior RF, Pedrazzi V, Ribeiro RF, do Nascimento C. Genome analysis and clinical implications of the bacterial communities in early biofilm formation on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:173-182. [PMID: 29336173 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1417396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and quantify up to 42 target species colonizing the early biofilm of dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments. A total of 720 samples from 20 healthy individuals were investigated. Biofilm samples were collected from the peri-implant sulci, inner parts of implants, abutment surfaces and prosthetic crowns over a functioning period of 30 days. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used for microbial detection and quantitation. Clinical characteristics (probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and marginal bone loss) were also investigated during the monitoring period. Genome counts were low at the implant loading time point for both the abutment materials, and increased over time. Both the titanium and the zirconia groups presented similar microbial counts and diversity over time, and the microbiota was very similar to that colonizing the remaining teeth. Clinical findings were consistent with a healthy condition with no significant difference regarding marginal bone loss between the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Correa Raffaini
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Alice Ramos Freitas
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Thalisson Saymo Oliveira Silva
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Tarsis Cavagioni
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Jessica Felix Oliveira
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Rubens Ferreira Albuquerque Junior
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Tettamanti L, Cura F, Andrisani C, Bassi MA, Silvestrerangil J, Tagliabue A. A new implant-abutment connection for bacterial microleakage prevention: an in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:172-180. [PMID: 29876042 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study is to evaluate the ability of a new type of implant (Konus Implant System®, Industrie biomediche e farmaceutiche, Italy) to isolate the internal of an implant-abutment connection from the external environment. Materials and methods To identify the capability of the implant to protect the internal space from the external environment, the passage of genetically modified Escherichia coli across implant-abutment interface was evaluated. Implants were immerged in a bacterial culture for twenty-four hours and then bacteria amount was measured inside implant-abutment interface with Real-time PCR. Results Bacteria were detected inside all studied implants, with a median percentage of 18% for Porphiromonas Gingivalis and 19% for Tannerella Forsythia. Conclusion The reported results are similar to previous work. Konus Implant System® showed bacterial leakage similar respect others implant systems (18% Porphiromonas Gingivalis, 19% Tannerella Forsitya versus 20% of Bicon© and Ankylos ® systems). In spite of the limits of our study, none two-piece implant system has been demonstrated to perfectly close the gap between implant and abutment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tettamanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - F Cura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at the Different Implant Abutment Interface: A Systematic Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZE10-ZE15. [PMID: 28764310 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28951.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presence of gap at the implant-abutment interface, leads to microleakage and accumulation of bacteria which can affect the success of dental implants. AIM To evaluate the sealing capability of different implant connections against microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In January 2017 an electronic search of literature was performed, in Medline, EBSCO host and Pubmed data base. The search was focused on ability of different implant connections in preventing microleakage. The related titles and abstracts available in English were screened, and the articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for full text reading. RESULTS In this systematic review, literature search initially resulted in 78 articles among which 30 articles only fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and were finally included in the review. Almost all the studies showed that there was some amount of microleakage at abutment implant interface. Microleakage was very less in Morse taper implants in comparison to other implant connections. Majority of studies showed less microleakage in static loading conditions and microleakage increases in dynamic loading conditions. CONCLUSION In this systematic review maximum studies showed that there was some amount of microleakage at abutment implant interface. External hexagon implants failed completely to prevent microleakage in both static and dynamic loading conditions of implants. Internal hexagon implants mainly internal conical (Morse taper) implants are very promising in case of static loading and also showed less microleakage in dynamic loading conditions. Torque recommended by manufacturer should be followed strictly to get a better seal at abutment implant interface. Zirconia abutments are more to microleakage than Titanium abutments and there use should be discouraged. Zirconia abutments should be only restricted to cases where there was very high demand of aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Reader, Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shail Kumari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Impact of implant-abutment connection on osteoimmunological and microbiological parameters in short implants: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:e111-e120. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Adnan Menderes University; Aydın Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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