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Saedi T, Siami R, Ghaffari AJ, Farmani D, Saedi S. Aortic dilation in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a single-centre study. Cardiol Young 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38410047 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951124000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot is the most prevalent cyanotic CHD. With the advent of advanced surgical methods, the majority of tetralogy of Fallot patients reach adulthood. However, many need re-intervention for the residual anomalies including residual right ventricular outflow obstruction, pulmonary regurgitation, residual ventricular septal defects, and progressive aortic dilatation. Aortic dilation could lead to aortic regurgitation or dissection requiring surgical correction. In the current study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and outcomes of aortic root dilatation in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in our tertiary care centre. METHODS In this retrospective study, 730 consecutive patients with history of repaired tetralogy of Fallot were included. Aortic diameter at the level of annulus, the sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and the ascending aorta as measured by echocardiography were evaluated. Prevalence of outcomes necessitating re-intervention including aortic regurgitation and dissection were recorded. RESULTS The mean size of annulus, sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular-junction, and ascending aorta in the latest available echocardiography of patients were 2.4+/-0.4 cm, 3.3+/-0.5 cm, 2.9+/-0.5cm, and 3.2+/-0.5cm, respectively. Prevalence of dilatation of sinus of Valsalva, dilation of Ascending aorta, sinotubular-junction, and aortic annulus was 28.7%, 21%, 8.3%, and 1 %, respectively. Five patients had severe aortic regurgitation (0.6%) and underwent surgical repair. One of these patients presented with acute aortic dissection. CONCLUSION Aortic dilation is common in tetralogy of Fallot but prevalence of redo surgery for aortic dilation, regurgitation, and adverse events including acute dissection is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashide Siami
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir J Ghaffari
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Farmani
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saedi
- Congenital Heart Disease Research Center, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zaidi AN. Tetralogy of Fallot: management of residual hemodynamic and electrophysiological abnormalities. Heart 2021; 108:1408-1414. [PMID: 34949687 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali N Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Ichikawa N, Shiina Y, Kijima Y, Kodama H, Abe K, Komiyama N, Niwa K. Characteristics of the aortic root morphology in conotruncal anomaly of the congenital heart disease. J Cardiol 2021; 79:277-282. [PMID: 34600781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortopathy is a well-known feature of conotruncal anomalies, but it remains unknown whether valve-sparing aortic root replacement, such as the David procedure, is feasible in young patients with severe aortic regurgitation. We assessed the aortic valve complex and aortic root morphology in patients with conotruncal anomalies using echocardiography. Furthermore, we evaluated the relevant factors associated with aortopathy in this population. METHODS A total of 172 adult patients with conotruncal anomalies were enrolled in this study. Dimensions of the aortic valve complex were measured at the level of the sinus of Valsalva (SV) and sinotubular junction (STJ). The geometric height (GH), effective height (EH), and coaptation length (CL) were also assessed to analyze the aortic valve complex in detail. RESULTS Sixteen of 172 patients were excluded due to poor imaging; 105 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, 24 with double outlet right ventricle, and 27 with transposition of the great arteries totaling 156 patients (32+/-11 years old) were included in the analysis. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 (98 patients) had no dilatation of SV or STJ; Group 2 (32 patients) had dilated SV and STJ; Group 3 (14 patients) had dilated SV; and Group 4 (12 patients) had dilated STJ. GH and EH in Group 2 were also highest among the four, whereas CL was not significantly shortened. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, age, and conduit repair were risk factors for aortopathy in this population. CONCLUSIONS Patients with dilated SV and STJ (Group 2) were the most common among the patients with aortopathy (Groups 2, 3, and 4). The aortic valve leaflets themselves were enlarged, and the poor coaptation of the valve tips was compensated in spite of aortic root dilatation, which plays an important role in preventing severe aortic regurgitation in this population. Overall, valve-sparing aortic valve replacement is more feasible in the young populations than we expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ichikawa
- Clinical Laboratory, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Shiina
- Cardiovascular center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Kijima
- Cardiovascular center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kodama
- Cardiovascular center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komiyama
- Cardiovascular center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Niwa
- Cardiovascular center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Chowdhury UK, Sankhyan LK, Avneesh S, Ray R, Kalaivani M, Hasija S, Chauhan A. Histologic Abnormalities of the Ascending Aorta: Effects on Aortic Remodeling after Intracardiac Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Tex Heart Inst J 2021; 47:86-95. [PMID: 32603461 DOI: 10.14503/thij-17-6279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated aortic tissue specimens from patients undergoing tetralogy of Fallot repair, to determine whether histologic abnormalities affect postsurgical aortic remodeling and other patient-related variables. Using light microscopy, we studied full-thickness aortic wall tissue operatively excised from 118 consecutive patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. We performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify independent predictors of change in aortic root dimensions, which we measured with echocardiography after repair and every 3 months thereafter. Thirty histologically normal specimens were used as controls. Elastic fiber fragmentation was found in 74.6% of the abnormal specimens, mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation in 49.2%, smooth muscle cell nuclei loss in 39%, smooth muscle cell disorganization in 28.8%, and medial fibrosis in 52.5%. At a mean follow-up time of 83.55 ± 42.08 months, mean aortic sinotubular diameter decreased from 28.79 ± 9.15 to 27.16 ± 8.52 mm/m2 (r =-0.43; P <0.001). Aortic sinotubular diameter decreased by 0.6 mm/m2 among females (β =0.6, SE=0.31; P =0.05) and by 0.88 mm/m2 in patients who had elastic fiber fragmentation or loss (β =0.88, SE=0.38; P =0.02). In bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis, duration of follow-up emerged as an independent predictor of aortic remodeling. The aortic histopathologic changes in our patients had an independent negative impact on the degree of aortic remodeling after surgery. We observed the most improved aortic sinotubular diameter in patients who had either histologically normal aortas or aortas with elastic fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Lakshmi Kumari Sankhyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sheil Avneesh
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Cardiac Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suruchi Hasija
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhinavsingh Chauhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair: A ghost from the past or a problem in the future? REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cruz C, Pinho T, Ribeiro V, Dias CC, Silva Cardoso J, Maciel MJ. Aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair: A ghost from the past or a problem in the future? Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:549-557. [PMID: 30008310 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Intrinsic aortopathy can lead to dilatation late after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. Its extent and prevalence are not known. We aimed to assess aortic dimensions and elasticity and to find predictors of aortic dilatation. METHODS A total of 126 adults were prospectively included after TOF repair and compared to 63 gender- and age-matched controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess aortic diameters at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta and aortic dilatation was defined as z-score >+2. M-mode parameters of the ascending aorta were used to calculate strain, distensibility and stiffness index. RESULTS TOF patients (mean age 30±9 years; 52% male) had a complete repair at a median age of five (2-49) years; mean follow-up time since repair was 23±7 years. The prevalence of aortic dilatation at the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta was 29% and 24%, respectively. Compared to controls, TOF patients had a higher ascending aorta z-score, lower strain (6.4% [0.0-61.5] vs. 15.2% [0.0-45.0], p<0.01) and higher stiffness index (7.3 [0.8-23.6] vs. 3.1 [0.9-14.1], p<0.01). On multivariate analysis male gender was strongly associated with sinuses of Valsalva dilatation (odds ratio 6.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-26.3, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of aortic dilatation late after TOF repair is significant, with a larger and stiffer ascending aorta. Male gender appears to influence aortic root dilatation. This aortopathy requires careful follow-up in order to prevent future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cruz
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Pinho
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Ribeiro
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Silva Cardoso
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Júlia Maciel
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chowdhury UK, Avneesh S, Ray R, Reddy SM, Kalaivani M, Hasija S, Kumari L. A Comparative Study of Histopathological Changes in the Ascending Aorta and the Risk Factors Related to Histopathological Conditions and Aortic Dilatation in Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot and a Functionally Univentricular Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:1004-1010. [PMID: 29111162 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were to prospectively evaluate the histologic characteristics of the aortic wall of patients undergoing univentricular type of repair and compare the same with the findings observed in patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). PATIENTS AND METHODS Operatively excised full-thickness aortic wall tissue from 99 consecutive patients undergoing either intracardiac repair of TOF (group I; n=42) or univentricular repair (group II; n=57) were studied by light microscopy. Age at operation was 13 months to 28 years (mean 99.97±73.21months) for group I and 9 months to 25 years (mean 79.52±60.09) months for group II patients. RESULTS Dilatation of the ascending aorta was present in 85.7% patients with TOF and 91.2% patients with a univentricular heart. Seventeen (17.2%) aortic specimens were histologically normal and were used as normal controls (group I, n=5; group II, n=12). A lamellar count of less than 60 was associated with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 66.7% in patients undergoing repair of TOF and a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 80% in patients undergoing univentricular type of repairs respectively. Patients undergoing intracardiac repair of TOF and those undergoing univentricular repair exhibited 23.67 times (15.91-147.40) and 8.48 times (3.62-15.84) increased risk of aortic dilatation respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the existence of significant elastic fragmentation, muscle disarray, medionecrosis and fibrosis involving the ascending aortic media in patients with a functionally univentricular heart and dilated aorta. These histopathological changes are similar to those encountered in patients with TOF and dilated aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal K Chowdhury
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheil Avneesh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Cardiac Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikrishna M Reddy
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suruchi Hasija
- Cardiac Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmi Kumari
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mivelaz Y, Leung MT, Zadorsky MT, De Souza AM, Potts JE, Sandor GGS. Noninvasive Assessment of Vascular Function in Postoperative Cardiovascular Disease (Coarctation of the Aorta, Tetralogy of Fallot, and Transposition of the Great Arteries). Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:597-602. [PMID: 27401272 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using noninvasive techniques, we sought to assess arterial stiffness, impedance, hydraulic power, and efficiency in children with postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and transposition of the great arteries (TGAs). Results were compared with those of healthy peers. Fifty-five children with repaired congenital heart disease (24 TOFs, 20 COAs, and 11 TGAs) were compared with 55 age-matched control subjects (CTRL). Echocardiographic Doppler imaging and carotid artery applanation tonometry were preformed to measure aortic flow, dimensions, and calculate pulse wave velocity, vascular impedance and arterial stiffness indexes, hydraulic power (mean and total), and hydraulic efficiency (HE) which were calculated using standard fluid dynamics equations. All congenital heart disease subgroups had higher pulse wave velocity than CTRL. Only the COA group had higher characteristic impedance. Mean power was higher in TGA than in CTRL and TOF, and total power was higher in TGA than in CTRL and TOF. Hydraulic efficiency was higher in TOF than in COA and TGA. In conclusion, children with TOF, COA, and TGA have stiffer aortas than CTRL. These changes may be related to intrinsic aortic abnormalities, altered integrity of the aorta due to surgical repair, and/or acquired postsurgery. These patients may be at increased long-term cardiovascular risk, and long-term follow-up is important for monitoring and assessment of efforts to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Mivelaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mande T Leung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary Terri Zadorsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Astrid M De Souza
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James E Potts
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George G S Sandor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Bassareo PP, Saba L, Marras AR, Mercuro G. Altered Aortic Upper Wall TDI Velocity Is Inversely Related with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Operated Tetralogy of Fallot. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2016; 11:598-605. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Department of Medical Sciences “M.Aresu”; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Andrea R. Marras
- Department of Medical Sciences “M.Aresu”; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences “M.Aresu”; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
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Le Gloan L, Mongeon FP, Mercier LA, Dore A, Marcotte F, Ibrahim R, Asgar A, Miro J, Poirier N, Khairy P. Tetralogy of Fallot and aortic root disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:233-8. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cruz C, Pinho T, Lebreiro A, Silva Cardoso J, Maciel MJ. Avaliação ecocardiográfica da dilatação da raiz da aorta em doentes adultos operados a tetralogia de Fallot. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:477-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Cruz C, Pinho T, Lebreiro A, Silva Cardoso J, Maciel MJ. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic root dilatation in adult patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ramayya AS, Coelho R, Sivakumar K, Radhakrishnan S. Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot with Ascending and Proximal Aortic Arch Aneurysm: Case Report. J Card Surg 2011; 26:328-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Role of fibrillin-1 genetic mutations and polymorphism in aortic dilatation in patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136:757-66, 766.e1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Chowdhury UK, Mishra AK, Ray R, Kalaivani M, Reddy SM, Venugopal P. Histopathologic changes in ascending aorta and risk factors related to histopathologic conditions and aortic dilatation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:69-77, 77.e1-11. [PMID: 18179921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to evaluate the histologic characteristics of the aortic wall and the risk factors related to histopathology and aortic dilatation in patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS Operatively excised full-thickness aortic wall tissue from 98 consecutive patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot aged 6 months to 47 years (mean 104.5 +/- 102.8 months; median 72 months) were studied by light microscopy. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of loss of lamellar counts and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Twenty-five (25.5%) aortic tissue specimens were indicated as histologically normal and were used as normal controls. The incidence of elastic fragmentation, increased ground substance, medionecrosis, smooth muscle disarray, and fibrosis was 74.5%, 54%, 39.8%, 26.5%, and 57.1%, respectively. A lamellar count of less than 60 was associated with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 87.67%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that 93.37% (standard error +/- 0.039) of the time the value of lamellar count was lower for the abnormal histopathology group than for the normal group (P < .001). The risk of aortic dilatation was 15.97 times higher in patients with histopathologically abnormal aorta. CONCLUSIONS The majority of aortic media of the ascending aorta in cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot indicates significant loss of lamellar units and pre-existing intrinsic aortopathy. The changes are present since infancy and are more pronounced in older patients subjected to long-standing cyanosis and volume overload and may account for or may coexist with the higher incidence of aortic dilatation encountered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal K Chowdhury
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bashore
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Kim JE, Hur K, Kwon HS, Yoo BW, Choi JY, Sul JH. Late aortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation in repaired tetralogy of fallot. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2007. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2007.50.10.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Hur
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Sik Kwon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Won Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Sul
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cleuziou J, Mayr N, Schreiber C, Hörer J, Sassen S, Kaemmerer H, Lange R. Giant Aortic Aneurysm 18 Years After Repair of Double-Outlet Right Ventricle With Pulmonary Stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82:e31-2. [PMID: 17062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substantial long-term morbidity after a successful operation in complex congenital heart defects is a matter of concern. We present a patient with a giant ascending aortic aneurysm 18 years after repair of a double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis. Our report emphasizes the need for ongoing follow-up into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cleuziou
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Munich, Germany.
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Tan JL, Davlouros PA, McCarthy KP, Gatzoulis MA, Ho SY. Intrinsic histological abnormalities of aortic root and ascending aorta in tetralogy of Fallot: evidence of causative mechanism for aortic dilatation and aortopathy. Circulation 2005; 112:961-8. [PMID: 16087793 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.537928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilatation of the aortic root is a known feature in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients with pulmonary stenosis (PS) or pulmonary atresia (PA). We hypothesized that intrinsic histological abnormalities of the aortic wall present since infancy are an important causative factor leading to aortic root dilatation. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the aortic histology of 17 cases with TOF and PS/PA from our cardiac morphology archive and compared them with a control group of normal aortas. Measured circumference of the aortic root at the sinotubular junction and at the ascending aorta was indexed to the left ventricle. Aortic walls were studied by light microscopy with the use of various stains. Seventeen TOF cases (7 with PS, 10 with PA) including 7 infants, 2 children, and 8 adults were compared with 11 hearts with normal aorta. Aortic root circumference to left ventricular index and ascending aortic circumference to left ventricular index were 1.24+/-0.25 and 1.37+/-0.24, respectively, in the TOF group versus 0.89+/-0.10 and 0.88+/-0.11, respectively, in the control group (P<0.001). Histological changes of grade 2 or 3 were present in 29% (medionecrosis), 82% (fibrosis), 35% (cystic medial necrosis), and 59% (elastic fragmentation) in the ascending aorta of the TOF group. Histology grading scores were significantly higher in the TOF group (median score, 7; range, 1 to 12) compared with normal controls (median score, 2; range, 0 to 6) and correlated with the ascending aortic circumference to left ventricular index (r=0.525, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS There are marked histological abnormalities in the aortic root and ascending aortic wall of patients with TOF present from infancy, suggesting a causative mechanism for subsequent aortic root dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tan
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Rathi VK, Doyle M, Williams RB, Yamrozik J, Shannon RP, Biederman RWW. Massive aortic aneurysm and dissection in repaired tetralogy of Fallot; diagnosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiol 2005; 101:169-70. [PMID: 15860407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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