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EPS LWSTATIUS, SMORENBERG-SCHOORL ME, ZÜRCHER-MULDER A, VRIES LA, BORST JGG. Identical Changes in Renal Excretion Pattern Induced by Angiotensin and Orthostasis in Normal and Adrenalectomized Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1962.tb04176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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STRAUSS MB, DAVIS RK, ROSENBAUM JD, ROSSMEISL EC. Water diuresis produced during recumbency by the intravenous infusion of isotonic saline solution. J Clin Invest 2004; 30:862-8. [PMID: 14861307 PMCID: PMC436321 DOI: 10.1172/jci102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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STRAUSS MB, DAVIS RK, ROSENBAUM JD, ROSSMEISL EC. Production of increased renal sodium excretion by the hypotonic expansion of extracellular fluid volume in recumbent subjects. J Clin Invest 2004; 31:80-6. [PMID: 14907884 PMCID: PMC436385 DOI: 10.1172/jci102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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LOMBARDO TA, EISENBERG S, OLIVER BB, VIAR WN, EDDLEMAN EE, HARRISON TR. Effects of bleeding on electrolyte excretion and on glomerular filtration. Circulation 2004; 3:260-70. [PMID: 14812654 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.3.2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Removal of small amounts of blood from sitting subjects caused reduction of sodium excretion without alterations in creatinine clearance, or in apparent cardiac output (electrokymographic method). This reduction could be prevented by compression of the neck. The experiments support the concept of an homeostatic central mechanism which regulates the volume of extracellular fluid by altering sodium excretion. If such a mechanism exists it is apparently activated by changes in the volume of body fluids rather than by changes in cardiac output.
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FREEMAN OW, MITCHELL GW, WILSON JS, FITZHUGH FW, MERRILL AJ. Renal hemodynamics, sodium and water excretion in supine exercising normal and cardiac patients. J Clin Invest 2003; 34:1109-13. [PMID: 14392226 PMCID: PMC438862 DOI: 10.1172/jci103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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MURDAUGH HV, SIEKER HO, MANFREDI F. Effect of altered intrathoracic pressure on renal hemodynamics, electrolyte excretion and water clearance. J Clin Invest 2000; 38:834-42. [PMID: 13654519 PMCID: PMC293229 DOI: 10.1172/jci103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Del Bo A, Marabini M, Morganti A, Zanchetti A. Regulation of vasopressin release in moderately severe essential hypertension. Clin Auton Res 1991; 1:109-14. [PMID: 1822757 DOI: 10.1007/bf01826205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin plasma concentrations have been measured in two groups of subjects, 13 moderate essential hypertensive patients without target organ damage and eight control normotensive subjects, before and after the assumption of the upright position, and intravenous infusions of hypotonic saline (0.45% NaCl, 0.25 ml kg-1 min-1 for 1 h) and hypertonic saline (100 mmol NaCl in 50 ml). Plasma vasopressin in recumbent baseline conditions was not significantly different in the two groups. Upright posture and hypertonic challenge augmented, while hypotonic saline reduced plasma vasopressin levels, which were not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma renin activity increased in the upright position, was reduced by administration of hypotonic saline and unaffected by hypertonic saline, with no differences between the hypertensives and normotensives. After hypertonic saline, urinary flow rate and urinary sodium excretion in the hypertensive group increased to values significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in normotensive subjects. In conclusion our study excludes significant alteration of vasopressin regulation in moderate uncomplicated hypertension. In hypertensives although the response of vasopressin to an osmotic load is preserved, the data suggest that the renal handling of the osmotic load may be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Bo
- Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Morganti A, Lopez-Ovejero JA, Pickering TG, Laragh JH. Role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the renin response to head-up tilt. Their possible synergism in defending blood pressure against postural changes during sodium deprivation. Am J Cardiol 1979; 43:600-4. [PMID: 420109 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hesse B, Ring-Larsen H, Nielsen I, Christensen NJ. Renin stimulation by passive tilting: the influence of an anti-gravity suit on postural changes in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline concentration and kidney function in normal man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978; 38:163-9. [PMID: 653304 DOI: 10.1080/00365517809156085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma noradrenaline concentration, heart rate, blood pressure, and clearances of para-aminohippurate and inulin were measured in twelve normal subjects (clearances in only three subjects) before and after 40 min of 60 degrees upright tilting. The tilting experiments were repeated after inflation of an anti-gravity suit to 60 mmHg on the lower extremities. Inflation of the anti-gravity suit caused an abolition of the postural PRA increase, a marked reduction of the postural increases in plasma noradrenaline and heart rate, and elimination of the decreases in pulse pressure, inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances and sodium excretion. The results suggest a decisive role of the sympathetic nervous system for postural renin increase, probably mainly activated by stretch receptors in the low-pressure cardiopulmoanry area.
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Gordon RD, Wolfe LK, Island DP, Liddle GW. A diurnal rhythm in plasma renin activity in man. J Clin Invest 1966; 45:1587-92. [PMID: 4288714 PMCID: PMC292839 DOI: 10.1172/jci105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Hill SR, Hood WG, Farmer TA, Burnum JF. Idiopathic edema. Report of a case with orthostatic edema and hyperaldosteronism. N Engl J Med 1960; 263:1342-5. [PMID: 13714321 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196012292632605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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LOWE TE. The concept of a volume receptor. AUSTRALASIAN ANNALS OF MEDICINE 1960; 9:69-73. [PMID: 14418539 DOI: 10.1111/imj.1960.9.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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DEBAKEY ME, MORRIS G, MOYER JH. Hypothermia. I. Effect on renal hemodynamics and on excretion of water and electrolytes in dog and man. Ann Surg 1957; 145:26-40. [PMID: 13395281 PMCID: PMC1465379 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-195701000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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FOLDI M, KOLTAY E, MEGYESI K, REV J, SOLTI F, SZASZ J. [The effect of oxygen inhalation on kidney function in cardiac decompensation]. J Mol Med (Berl) 1956; 34:857-9. [PMID: 13368408 DOI: 10.1007/bf01473031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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GAUER OH, HENRY JP. [Homeostasis of extraarterial blood circulation; volume regulation as an independent physiologic parameter]. J Mol Med (Berl) 1956; 34:356-66. [PMID: 13333033 DOI: 10.1007/bf01469349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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GOLUBOFF B, GROSSMAN J, HANENSON IB, LEITER L, WESTON RE. Studies on water excretion following intravenous hydration and the administration of pitressin or nicotine in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1956; 13:242-51. [PMID: 13356384 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.13.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The diuretic response to intravenous infusions of 5 per cent glucose in water and the antidiuretic response to intravenous injections of nicotine salicylate and aqueous Pitressin, during maximal water diuresis, were studied in normal subjects and patients in congestive failure of varying severity. Patients in moderately severe congestive failure exhibited normal diuretic responses during the periods of intravenous hydration and normal antidiuretic responses following nicotine or Pitressin injections. Patients in more severe congestive failure failed to achieve comparable diuretic responses, following intravenous hydration; in the course of this, signs of increasing congestive failure developed, which were associated with further decrease in urine flows, at times, without any further decrease in renal hemodynamics. These studies confirm the impression that patients in moderate congestive failure have neither increased sensitivity to, nor reduced ability to, inactivate endogenous or exogenous antidiuretic hormone. In addition, the observation, that patients in more severe failure do not achieve adequate water diuresis during intravenous hydration, suggests that sustained production of antidiuretic production, independent of normal osmoreceptor control, may be contributing to their fluid retention.
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SIEKER HO, GAUER OH, HENRY JP. The effect of continuous negative pressure breathing on water and electrolyte excretion by the human kidney. J Clin Invest 1954; 33:572-7. [PMID: 13152197 PMCID: PMC1087272 DOI: 10.1172/jci102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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ANTHONISEN P, HILDEN T, THOMSEN AC. Electrolyte disturbances in cerebral lesions. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1954; 150:355-67. [PMID: 13217733 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1954.tb18638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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FITZHUGH FW, McWHORTER RL, ESTES EH, WARREN JV, MERRILL AJ. The effect of application of tourniquets to the legs on cardiac output and renal function in normal human subjects. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:1163-70. [PMID: 13108979 PMCID: PMC438455 DOI: 10.1172/jci102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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WHITE AG, RUBIN G, LEITER L. Studies in edema. IV. Water retention and the antidiuretic hormone in hepatic and cardiac disease. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:931-9. [PMID: 13096558 PMCID: PMC438425 DOI: 10.1172/jci102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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FISHMAN RA. The failure of intracranial pressure-volume change to influence renal function. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:847-50. [PMID: 13084749 PMCID: PMC438412 DOI: 10.1172/jci102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Long-term studies of sodium balance were made in three patients with congestive failure. The data indicate exchange of water and sodium between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. They suggest that a portion of the intracellular cation exists in a form which is not osmotically active. The term "quantometer" is applied to the previously described intracranial volume-regulating mechanism. An hypothesis is offered in which it is assumed that exhaustion of this quantometer may contribute to the retention of sodium as heart failure becomes manifest.
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Abstract
Large decreases in the rates of sodium excretion, chloride excretion, and glomerular filtration were observed in patients with orthostatic hypotension when they assumed the upright posture following a period of recumbency. When they returned to the recumbent position, sodium excretion typically was not restored immediately in spite of immediate restoration of filtered sodium load. The decreased sodium excretion found to occur in patients with orthostatic hypotension when they are in the upright posture is considered to be due in part to the decreased filtered sodium load and in part to changes in tubular reabsorption that are independent of filtered sodium load.
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LAHEY WJ, ARST DB, SILVER M, KLEEMAN CR, KUNKEL P. Physiologic observations on a case of beriberi heart disease, with a note on the acute effects of thiamine. Am J Med 1953; 14:248-55. [PMID: 13016605 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(53)90023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Four patients with congestive heart failure were studied in the sitting and the recumbent positions. After hypotonic loading maximal diuresis set in at six hours, as compared with three hours in the normal subjects. Heart failure patients never excreted more than 50 per cent of water intake in either position. Likewise, these patients never equalled sodium intake with urinary excretion of sodium. Sodium excretion in the two positions was approximately the same. Increase in venous pressure, lengthening of circulation time, decline of vital capacity, and decline of serum sodium concentration were noted after each investigation period. These results are interpreted as indicating that the previously postulated intracranial volume regulating center is either inactive or over-powered by a more powerful mechanism in the patient with congestive heart failure.
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Abstract
Previous studies on normal subjects have shown that neck compression causes increased urinary excretion of sodium in the sitting position, but has little or no effect in the recumbent position. In the present study, patients with congestive heart failure have exhibited no increase in urinary sodium excretion after neck compression.
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LUSK JA, VIAR WN, HARRISON TR. Further studies on the effects of changes in the distribution of extracellular fluid on sodium excretion; observations following compression of the legs. Circulation 1952; 6:911-8. [PMID: 12998117 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.6.6.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bandaging of the legs of sitting subjects resulted in an increase in the renal excretion of sodium which declined after the bandages were removed. Consistent results were not obtained in recumbent subjects. The findings appear to constitute further evidence that the distribution, rather than the total volume of extracellular fluids, has a regulatory action on sodium excretion.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of congestive heart failure is discussed. Experimental evidence is cited to support the thesis that abnormalities in the distribution of body fluids may affect circulatory and renal function, and hence may be a cause as well as an effect in the complex sequence of events leading to the congestive state. Emphasis is placed upon alterations in cellular metabolism which may lead to such disturbances in body fluids and so through various mechanisms, cellular, humoral, and circulatory, may modify the volume regulation of the body.
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