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Laurenzi M, Cirillo M, Terradura Vagnarelli O, Giampaoli S. A report on the Gubbio Study thirty-eight years after its inception. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:410-415. [PMID: 33878848 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gubbio Population Study ("Gubbio Study") is a prospective epidemiological study carried out on the resident population of the city of Gubbio, Italy. The study's objectives are both of public health nature (the control and awareness of hypertension), and experimental (the role of electrolyte handling at the cellular membrane level and its relation to hypertension). Additional objectives were addressed during the 30+ year activity of the study, in particular the role of kidney dysfunction. METHODS Three active screenings ('Exams') were performed beginning 38 years ago; the first (Exam 1) in 1983-1986 (5376 individuals - response rate 92%) and two follow-up exams, were completed between 1989-92 (Exam 2) and 2001-2007 (Exam 3). Data collected include demographics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, diet and physical activity), education, type of work, anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and special investigations on cellular electrolyte handling. Additional measurements were performed in selected sub-groups of participants. Data on hospitalizations, mortality and causes of death were collected after the completion of Exam 1. RESULTS The main results of the study, presented in this paper, identify new variables to consider in screening for cardiovascular risk factors, and show the impact that the focused and coordinated effort of a longitudinal program can have on a free-living population'. CONCLUSIONS The data are of relevance to Public Health and to experimental medicine alike, and vouch to the importance of the control of risk factors at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Giampaoli
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CeSEG), Gubbio, Italy.,Formerly Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Cirillo M, Terradura-Vagnarelli O, Mancini M, Menotti A, Zanchetti A, Laurenzi M. Cohort profile: The Gubbio Population Study. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 43:713-20. [PMID: 23543599 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gubbio Study is a prospective epidemiological study on the population residing in the city of Gubbio, Italy. Original objectives of the study were the control of hypertension and the role of cellular electrolyte handling in hypertension. Other objectives were added during the 30-year activity of the study. The original target cohort consists of individuals aged ≥5 years residing within the medieval walls of the city. To complete family genealogies, individuals residing outside the city were also included. Three active screenings (exams) were conducted. A total of 5376 individuals (response rate 92%) participated in Exam 1 which was performed in 1983-86. Follow-up exams were completed between 1989-92 and 2001-2007. Data categories included demographics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle habits, education, type of work, anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and special investigations on cellular electrolyte handling. Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and uroflowmetry were performed in selected subgroups defined by age and/or sex. Data about hospitalizations, mortality and causes of death were collected starting from completion of Exam 1. The study shared the data with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Terradura-Vagnarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Mancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Menotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Laurenzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Le Sang Quan KH, Levenson J, Del Pino M, Simon A, Devynck MA. In vivo shear flow and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 36:437-43. [PMID: 12959291 PMCID: PMC1364616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
1. To evaluate the response of red blood cells subjected to the shear flow in hypertension, the relationships between wall shear phenomena determined in vivo in the brachial artery of hypertensive patients and the modifications of the membrane dynamics measured in vitro in erythrocyte ghosts of 32 patients were investigated. 2. Two fluorescent probes, diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and its trimethylamino-derivative (TMA-DPH), localized respectively in the lipid membrane core and at the lipid-water interface, were used. 3. Shear rate, shear stress and blood velocity were positively correlated with TMA-DPH anisotropy (P = 0.015, 0.005 and 0.026, respectively), but not with that of DPH. This indicates that wall shear forces were associated with the microviscosity of the outer part of the cell membrane. 4. The changes in wall shear forces and erythrocyte membrane microviscosity probed by TMA-DPH or DPH were observed to vary in parallel under nitrendipine therapy. 5. These results suggest that in vivo shear forces participate in the control of erythrocyte membrane fluidity or that erythrocytes adapt their membrane properties to blood flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Le Sang Quan
- CNRS URA 1482, Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
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David-Dufilho M, Astarie C, Pernollet MG, Del Pino M, Levenson J, Simon A, Devynck MA. Control of the erythrocyte free Ca2+ concentration in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1992; 19:167-74. [PMID: 1737651 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.19.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since Ca2+ ions seem to directly participate in the control of erythrocyte membrane structure and deformability and because cell Ca2+ metabolism has been repeatedly proposed to be modified in hypertension, the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) was investigated in red blood cells from hypertensive and normotensive subjects. [Ca2+]i was measured by using the fluorescent Ca2+ chelator fura-2. Red blood cell [Ca2+]i was increased in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects in the whole population and further increased when hypertensive were compared with age-matched normotensive subjects. An inverse relation between age and [Ca2+]i was observed when calculated with blood pressure adjusted. In hypertensive patients, high [Ca2+]i values were associated with a reduced erythrocyte deformability. The initial rate of 45Ca2+ uptake did not differ between the two blood pressure groups. Similarly, when the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was elevated from 1 to 2 mmol/l, [Ca2+]i increased by 16 +/- 4% (p less than 0.03) in red blood cells from both groups, thus maintaining a significant difference between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Under these conditions, the addition of 10(-7) mol/l nicardipine, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, decreased [Ca2+]i by 15 +/- 4% (p less than 0.05) and 7 +/- 5% in erythrocytes from hypertensive and normotensive subjects, respectively, thereby reducing the difference in [Ca2+]i observed between these two groups. This nicardipine effect was positively correlated to the initial [Ca2+]i. In the presence of 5 mumol/l W7, a calmodulin antagonist, [Ca2+]i increased significantly only in erythrocytes from hypertensive patients (26 +/- 6%, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M David-Dufilho
- Department of Pharmacology, CNRS 16167, Necker Medical School, Paris, France
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Crabos M, Yamakado T, Heizmann CW, Cerletti N, Bühler FR, Erne P. The calcium binding protein tropomyosin in human platelets and cardiac tissue: elevation in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Clin Invest 1991; 21:472-8. [PMID: 1836432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium transients play a major role in the control of cellular contraction and act through binding to target proteins and inducing subsequent conformational changes and activation of enzymes. Abnormalities of intracellular calcium handling are involved in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. In this study we report on the isolation, purification and calcium binding of a 33 kDa protein from human platelets and of a 38 kDa protein from cardiac tissue, both of which are identified as tropomyosin. The calcium binding properties of these human tropomyosin isoforms indicate a putative role for these proteins in the fine tuning of the cellular contraction. Elevated tropomyosin level is demonstrated in platelets from untreated essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (tropomyosin/actin: 45.1 +/- 3.5, n = 12) relative to essential hypertensive patients without cardiac hypertrophy (tropomyosin/actin: 33.8 +/- 2.3). These findings suggest an association between the enhanced expression of tropomyosin in platelets and the development of cardiac hypertrophy which may relate to the cellular calcium overload of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crabos
- Department of Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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