1
|
Zhang K, Wang H, Wang X, Xiong X, Tong S, Sun C, Zhu B, Xu Y, Fan M, Sun L, Guo X. Neuroimaging prognostic factors for treatment response to motor imagery training after stroke. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9504-9513. [PMID: 37376787 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of motor imagery training for motor recovery is well acknowledged, but with substantial inter-individual variability in stroke patients. To help optimize motor imagery training therapy plans and screen suitable patients, this study aimed to explore neuroimaging biomarkers explaining variability in treatment response. Thirty-nine stroke patients were randomized to a motor imagery training group (n = 22, received a combination of conventional rehabilitation therapy and motor imagery training) and a control group (n = 17, received conventional rehabilitation therapy and health education) for 4 weeks of interventions. Their demography and clinical information, brain lesion from structural MRI, spontaneous brain activity and connectivity from rest fMRI, and sensorimotor brain activation from passive motor task fMRI were acquired to identify prognostic factors. We found that the variability of outcomes from sole conventional rehabilitation therapy could be explained by the reserved sensorimotor neural function, whereas the variability of outcomes from motor imagery training + conventional rehabilitation therapy was related to the spontaneous activity in the ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule and the local connectivity in the contralesional supplementary motor area. The results suggest that additional motor imagery training treatment is also efficient for severe patients with damaged sensorimotor neural function, but might be more effective for patients with impaired motor planning and reserved motor imagery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mattos DJS, Rutlin J, Hong X, Zinn K, Shimony JS, Carter AR. The Role of Extra-motor Networks in Upper Limb Motor Performance Post-stroke. Neuroscience 2023; 514:1-13. [PMID: 36736882 PMCID: PMC11009936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor improvement post-stroke may happen even if resting state functional connectivity between the ipsilesional and contralesional components of the sensorimotor network is not fully recovered. Therefore, we investigated which extra-motor networks might support upper limb motor gains in response to treatment post-stroke. METHODS Both resting state functional connectivity and upper limb capacity were measured prior to and after an 8-week intervention of task-specific training in 29 human participants [59.24 ± (SD) 10.40 yrs., 12 females and 17 males] with chronic stroke. The sensorimotor and five extra-motor networks were defined: default mode, frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, dorsal attention network, and salience networks. The Network Level Analysis toolbox was used to identify network pairs whose connectivities were enriched in connectome-behavior relationships. RESULTS Mean upper limb capacity score increased 5.45 ± (SD) 5.55 following treatment. Baseline connectivity of some motor but mostly extra-motor network interactions of cingulo-opercular and default-mode networks were predictive of upper limb capacity following treatment. Also, changes in connectivity for extra-motor interactions of salience with default mode, cingulo-opercular, and dorsal attention networks were correlated with gains in upper limb capacity. CONCLUSIONS These connectome-behavior patterns suggest larger involvement of cingulo-opercular networks in prediction of treatment response and of salience networks in maintenance of improved skilled behavior. These results support our hypothesis that cognitive networks may contribute to recovery of motor performance after stroke and provide additional insights into the neural correlates of intensive training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J S Mattos
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Departments of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristina Zinn
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexandre R Carter
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norman SL, Wolpaw JR, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Targeting neuroplasticity to improve motor recovery after stroke: an artificial neural network model. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac264. [PMID: 36458210 PMCID: PMC9700163 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After a neurological injury, people develop abnormal patterns of neural activity that limit motor recovery. Traditional rehabilitation, which concentrates on practicing impaired skills, is seldom fully effective. New targeted neuroplasticity protocols interact with the central nervous system to induce beneficial plasticity in key sites and thereby enable wider beneficial plasticity. They can complement traditional therapy and enhance recovery. However, their development and validation is difficult because many different targeted neuroplasticity protocols are conceivable, and evaluating even one of them is lengthy, laborious, and expensive. Computational models can address this problem by triaging numerous candidate protocols rapidly and effectively. Animal and human empirical testing can then concentrate on the most promising ones. Here, we simulate a neural network of corticospinal neurons that control motoneurons eliciting unilateral finger extension. We use this network to (i) study the mechanisms and patterns of cortical reorganization after a stroke; and (ii) identify and parameterize a targeted neuroplasticity protocol that improves recovery of extension torque. After a simulated stroke, standard training produced abnormal bilateral cortical activation and suboptimal torque recovery. To enhance recovery, we interdigitated standard training with trials in which the network was given feedback only from a targeted population of sub-optimized neurons. Targeting neurons in secondary motor areas on ∼20% of the total trials restored lateralized cortical activation and improved recovery of extension torque. The results illuminate mechanisms underlying suboptimal cortical activity post-stroke; they enable the identification and parameterization of the most promising targeted neuroplasticity protocols. By providing initial guidance, computational models could facilitate and accelerate the realization of new therapies that improve motor recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumner L Norman
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California: Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan R Wolpaw
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Stratton VA Medical Center and State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - David J Reinkensmeyer
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California: Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Chen C, Bai Z, Hong W, Wang S, Tang C. Specific subsystems of the inferior parietal lobule are associated with hand dysfunction following stroke: A cross-sectional resting-state fMRI study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2116-2128. [PMID: 35996952 PMCID: PMC9627383 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) plays important roles in reaching and grasping during hand movements, but how reorganizations of IPL subsystems underlie the paretic hand remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether specific IPL subsystems were disrupted and associated with hand performance after chronic stroke. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 65 patients who had chronic subcortical strokes and 40 healthy controls from China. Each participant underwent the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Hand and Wrist and resting-state fMRI at baseline. We mainly explored the group differences in resting-state effective connectivity (EC) patterns for six IPL subregions in each hemisphere, and we correlated these EC patterns with paretic hand performance across the whole stroke group and stroke subgroups. Moreover, we used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to distinguish the stroke subgroups with partially (PPH) and completely (CPH) paretic hands. RESULTS Stroke patients exhibited abnormal EC patterns with ipsilesional PFt and bilateral PGa, and five sensorimotor-parietal/two parietal-temporal subsystems were positively or negatively correlated with hand performance. Compared with CPH patients, PPH patients exhibited abnormal EC patterns with the contralesional PFop. The PPH patients had one motor-parietal subsystem, while the CPH patients had one sensorimotor-parietal and three parietal-occipital subsystems that were associated with hand performance. Notably, the EC strength from the contralesional PFop to the ipsilesional superior frontal gyrus could distinguish patients with PPH from patients with CPH. CONCLUSIONS The IPL subsystems manifest specific functional reorganization and are associated with hand dysfunction following chronic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FeiWen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineChengdu Second People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - ChangCheng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineQingtian People's HospitalLishuiChina
| | - ZhongFei Bai
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - WenJun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - SiZhong Wang
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of PhysiotherapyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - ChaoZheng Tang
- Capacity Building and Continuing Education CenterNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palimeris S, Ansari Y, Remaud A, Tremblay F, Corriveau H, Boudrias MH, Milot MH. Effect of a tailored upper extremity strength training intervention combined with direct current stimulation in chronic stroke survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:978257. [PMID: 36189037 PMCID: PMC9397935 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.978257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Strengthening exercises are recommended for managing persisting upper limb (UL) weakness following a stroke. Yet, strengthening exercises often lead to variable gains because of their generic nature. For this randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to determine whether tailoring strengthening exercises using a biomarker of corticospinal integrity, as reflected in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), could optimize training effects in the affected UL. A secondary aim was to determine whether applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could enhance exercise-induced training effects. For this multisite RCT, 90 adults at the chronic stage after stroke (>6 months) were recruited. Before training, participants underwent TMS to detect the presence of MEPs in the affected hand. The MEP amplitude was used to stratify participants into three training groups: (1) low-intensity, MEP <50 μV, (2) moderate-intensity, 50 μV < MEP < 120 μV, and (3) high-intensity, MEP>120 μV. Each group trained at a specific intensity based on the one-repetition maximum (1 RM): low-intensity, 35–50% 1RM; moderate-intensity, 50–65% 1RM; high-intensity, 70–85% 1RM. The strength training targeted the affected UL and was delivered 3X/week for four consecutive weeks. In each training group, participants were randomly assigned to receive either real or sham anodal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) over the primary motor area of the affected hemisphere. Pre-/post-intervention, participants underwent a clinical evaluation of their UL to evaluate motor impairments (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), manual dexterity (Box and Blocks test) and grip strength. Post-intervention, all groups exhibited similar gains in terms of reduced impairments, improved dexterity, and grip strength, which was confirmed by multivariate and univariate analyses. However, no effect of interaction was found for tDCS or training group, indicating that tDCS had no significant impact on outcomes post-intervention. Collectively, these results indicate that adjusting training intensity based on the size of MEPs in the affected extremity provides a useful approach to optimize responses to strengthening exercises in chronic stroke survivors. Also, the lack of add-on effects of tDCS applied to the lesioned hemisphere on exercise-induced improvements in the affected UL raises questions about the relevance of combining such interventions in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Palimeris
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- BRAIN Lab, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, QC, Canada
- Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR) and CISSS-Laval, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - François Tremblay
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hélène Corriveau
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, École de réadaptation, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Hélène Boudrias
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- BRAIN Lab, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, QC, Canada
- Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR) and CISSS-Laval, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Hélène Milot
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, École de réadaptation, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marie Hélène Milot
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hayashi M, Okuyama K, Mizuguchi N, Hirose R, Okamoto T, Kawakami M, Ushiba J. Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition. eLife 2022; 11:76411. [PMID: 35796537 PMCID: PMC9302968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behavior requires inter-regional crosstalk to employ the sensorimotor processes in the brain. Although external neuromodulation techniques have been used to manipulate interhemispheric sensorimotor activity, a central controversy concerns whether this activity can be volitionally controlled. Experimental tools lack the power to up- or down-regulate the state of the targeted hemisphere over a large dynamic range and, therefore, cannot evaluate the possible volitional control of the activity. We addressed this difficulty by using the recently developed method of spatially bivariate electroencephalography (EEG)-neurofeedback to systematically enable the participants to modulate their bilateral sensorimotor activities. Here, we report that participants learn to up- and down-regulate the ipsilateral excitability to the imagined hand while maintaining constant contralateral excitability; this modulates the magnitude of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) assessed by the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm. Further physiological analyses revealed that the manipulation capability of IHI magnitude reflected interhemispheric connectivity in EEG and TMS, which was accompanied by intrinsic bilateral cortical oscillatory activities. Our results show an interesting approach for neuromodulation, which might identify new treatment opportunities, e.g., in patients suffering from a stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Okuyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mizuguchi
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Hirose
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taisuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Ushiba
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu F, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu C, Wang X, Cheng Y, Jin C, Yang J, Li X. Morphologic Variants of the Hand Motor Cortex in Developing Brains from Neonates through Childhood Assessed by MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:292-298. [PMID: 34992126 PMCID: PMC8985685 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Knowledge of anatomic markers of the hand motor cortex is essential in the evaluation and treatment of motor neurologic diseases for both adults and developing populations. However, hand motor cortex variants in developing brains remain to be investigated. Our objective was to observe morphologic variants of the hand motor cortex in developing brains from neonates through childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 542 participants (0∼15 years of age) were retrospectively enrolled and divided into different age groups. The hand motor cortex morphology was evaluated on the basis of 3D T1WI. Variations in hand motor cortex variants were compared among different age groups. Inter-gender and interhemispheric differences of hand motor cortex variants were also evaluated. RESULTS Various hand motor cortex variants could be observed in developing brains, even in the neonatal period. One new morphologic shape, "immature Ω," was found in neonates and infants. The proportion of this new shape decreased dramatically during the first year after birth, then disappeared after 1 year of age. It persisted for a longer time in the right hemisphere and in males. However, sex or hemispheric effects on the distribution of the proportion of variants were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the proportion of concordance of the bilateral hand motor cortex showed an increasing trend with age (P = .006), higher in females than males. CONCLUSIONS Various hand motor cortex variants already existed at birth. The distribution of proportions of different variants developmentally varied during the first year after birth and became stable after 1 year of age. The concordance of the bilateral hand motor cortex could be influenced by age and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Wu
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Department of Radiology (F.W.), Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. Zhao
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Y. Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - M. Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - C. Liu
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - X. Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Y. Cheng
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - C. Jin
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - J. Yang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - X. Li
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu F, Chen C, Hong W, Bai Z, Wang S, Lu H, Lin Q, Zhao Z, Tang C. Selectively disrupted sensorimotor circuits in chronic stroke with hand dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:677-689. [PMID: 35005843 PMCID: PMC8981435 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the directional and selective disconnection of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) subregions in chronic stroke patients with hand dysfunction. Methods We mapped the resting‐state fMRI effective connectivity (EC) patterns for seven SMC subregions in each hemisphere of 65 chronic stroke patients and 40 healthy participants and correlated these patterns with paretic hand performance. Results Compared with controls, patients demonstrated disrupted EC in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex_4p, ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex_2 (PSC_2), and contralesional PSC_3a. Moreover, we found that EC values of the contralesional PSC_1 to contralesional precuneus, the ipsilesional inferior temporal gyrus to ipsilesional PSC_1, and the ipsilesional PSC_1 to contralesional postcentral gyrus were correlated with paretic hand performance across all patients. We further divided patients into partially (PPH) and completely (CPH) paretic hand subgroups. Compared with CPH patients, PPH patients demonstrated decreased EC in the ipsilesional premotor_6 and ipsilesional PSC_1. Interestingly, we found that paretic hand performance was positively correlated with seven sensorimotor circuits in PPH patients, while it was negatively correlated with five sensorimotor circuits in CPH patients. Conclusion SMC neurocircuitry was selectively disrupted after chronic stroke and associated with diverse hand outcomes, which deepens the understanding of SMC reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FeiWen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - ChangCheng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qingtian People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - WenJun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhongFei Bai
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai, China
| | - SiZhong Wang
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - HanNa Lu
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.,Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QiXiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - ZhiYong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ChaoZheng Tang
- Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cassidy JM, Mark JI, Cramer SC. Functional connectivity drives stroke recovery: shifting the paradigm from correlation to causation. Brain 2021; 145:1211-1228. [PMID: 34932786 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability, with deficits encompassing multiple functional domains. The heterogeneity underlying stroke poses significant challenges in the prediction of post-stroke recovery, prompting the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers. Structural neuroimaging measurements, particularly those reflecting corticospinal tract injury, are well-documented in the literature as potential biomarker candidates of post-stroke motor recovery. Consistent with the view of stroke as a 'circuitopathy', functional neuroimaging measures probing functional connectivity may also prove informative in post-stroke recovery. An important step in the development of biomarkers based on functional neural network connectivity is the establishment of causality between connectivity and post-stroke recovery. Current evidence predominantly involves statistical correlations between connectivity measures and post-stroke behavioral status, either cross-sectionally or serially over time. However, the advancement of functional connectivity application in stroke depends on devising experiments that infer causality. In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill introduced nine viewpoints to consider when determining the causality of an association: [1] Strength, [2] Consistency [3] Specificity, [4] Temporality, [5] Biological gradient, [6] Plausibility, [7] Coherence, [8] Experiment, and [9] Analogy. Collectively referred to as the Bradford Hill Criteria, these points have been widely adopted in epidemiology. In this review, we assert the value of implementing Bradford Hill's framework to stroke rehabilitation and neuroimaging. We focus on the role of neural network connectivity measurements acquired from task-oriented and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy in describing and predicting post-stroke behavioral status and recovery. We also identify research opportunities within each Bradford Hill tenet to shift the experimental paradigm from correlation to causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Cassidy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jasper I Mark
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Steven C Cramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liew SL, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Schweighofer N, Jahanshad N, Lang CE, Lohse KR, Banaj N, Barisano G, Baugh LA, Bhattacharya AK, Bigjahan B, Borich MR, Boyd LA, Brodtmann A, Buetefisch CM, Byblow WD, Cassidy JM, Charalambous CC, Ciullo V, Conforto AB, Craddock RC, Dula AN, Egorova N, Feng W, Fercho KA, Gregory CM, Hanlon CA, Hayward KS, Holguin JA, Hordacre B, Hwang DH, Kautz SA, Khlif MS, Kim B, Kim H, Kuceyeski A, Lo B, Liu J, Lin D, Lotze M, MacIntosh BJ, Margetis JL, Mohamed FB, Nordvik JE, Petoe MA, Piras F, Raju S, Ramos-Murguialday A, Revill KP, Roberts P, Robertson AD, Schambra HM, Seo NJ, Shiroishi MS, Soekadar SR, Spalletta G, Stinear CM, Suri A, Tang WK, Thielman GT, Thijs VN, Vecchio D, Ward NS, Westlye LT, Winstein CJ, Wittenberg GF, Wong KA, Yu C, Wolf SL, Cramer SC, Thompson PM. Smaller spared subcortical nuclei are associated with worse post-stroke sensorimotor outcomes in 28 cohorts worldwide. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab254. [PMID: 34805997 PMCID: PMC8598999 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to two-thirds of stroke survivors experience persistent sensorimotor impairments. Recovery relies on the integrity of spared brain areas to compensate for damaged tissue. Deep grey matter structures play a critical role in the control and regulation of sensorimotor circuits. The goal of this work is to identify associations between volumes of spared subcortical nuclei and sensorimotor behaviour at different timepoints after stroke. We pooled high-resolution T1-weighted MRI brain scans and behavioural data in 828 individuals with unilateral stroke from 28 cohorts worldwide. Cross-sectional analyses using linear mixed-effects models related post-stroke sensorimotor behaviour to non-lesioned subcortical volumes (Bonferroni-corrected, P < 0.004). We tested subacute (≤90 days) and chronic (≥180 days) stroke subgroups separately, with exploratory analyses in early stroke (≤21 days) and across all time. Sub-analyses in chronic stroke were also performed based on class of sensorimotor deficits (impairment, activity limitations) and side of lesioned hemisphere. Worse sensorimotor behaviour was associated with a smaller ipsilesional thalamic volume in both early (n = 179; d = 0.68) and subacute (n = 274, d = 0.46) stroke. In chronic stroke (n = 404), worse sensorimotor behaviour was associated with smaller ipsilesional putamen (d = 0.52) and nucleus accumbens (d = 0.39) volumes, and a larger ipsilesional lateral ventricle (d = -0.42). Worse chronic sensorimotor impairment specifically (measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment; n = 256) was associated with smaller ipsilesional putamen (d = 0.72) and larger lateral ventricle (d = -0.41) volumes, while several measures of activity limitations (n = 116) showed no significant relationships. In the full cohort across all time (n = 828), sensorimotor behaviour was associated with the volumes of the ipsilesional nucleus accumbens (d = 0.23), putamen (d = 0.33), thalamus (d = 0.33) and lateral ventricle (d = -0.23). We demonstrate significant relationships between post-stroke sensorimotor behaviour and reduced volumes of deep grey matter structures that were spared by stroke, which differ by time and class of sensorimotor measure. These findings provide additional insight into how different cortico-thalamo-striatal circuits support post-stroke sensorimotor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Lei Liew
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Schweighofer
- Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Catherine E Lang
- Departments of Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith R Lohse
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barisano
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Anup K Bhattacharya
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bavrina Bigjahan
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Borich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy & the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Department of Exercise Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jessica M Cassidy
- Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charalambos C Charalambous
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Neuroscience and Integrative Brain Research (CENIBRE), University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana B Conforto
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard C Craddock
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adrienne N Dula
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Egorova
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Health Sciences & Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, US Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Chris M Gregory
- Department of Health Sciences & Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC CRE in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess A Holguin
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darryl H Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Kautz
- Department of Health Sciences & Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Bokkyu Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Hosung Kim
- Keck School of Medicine, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bethany Lo
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - David Lin
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Lotze
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Margetis
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feroze B Mohamed
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Petoe
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sharmila Raju
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Ramos-Murguialday
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, San Sebastian Donostia, Spain
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kate P Revill
- Facility for Education and Research in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela Roberts
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Heidi M Schambra
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Na Jin Seo
- Department of Health Sciences & Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S Shiroishi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Surjo R Soekadar
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anisha Suri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wai Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory T Thielman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent N Thijs
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nick S Ward
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolee J Winstein
- Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George F Wittenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurology, Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin A Wong
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Steven L Wolf
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Steven C Cramer
- California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Snyder DB, Schmit BD, Hyngstrom AS, Beardsley SA. Electroencephalography resting-state networks in people with Stroke. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02097. [PMID: 33759382 PMCID: PMC8119848 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to characterize resting-state cortical networks in chronic stroke survivors using electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS Electroencephalography data were collected from 14 chronic stroke and 11 neurologically intact participants while they were in a relaxed, resting state. EEG power was normalized to reduce bias and used as an indicator of network activity. Correlations of orthogonalized EEG activity were used as a measure of functional connectivity between cortical regions. RESULTS We found reduced cortical activity and connectivity in the alpha (p < .05; p = .05) and beta (p < .05; p = .03) bands after stroke while connectivity in the gamma (p = .031) band increased. Asymmetries, driven by a reduction in the lesioned hemisphere, were also noted in cortical activity (p = .001) after stroke. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that stroke lesions cause a network alteration to more local (higher frequency), asymmetric networks. Understanding changes in cortical networks after stroke could be combined with controllability models to identify (and target) alternate brain network states that reduce functional impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Snyder
- Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Scott A Beardsley
- Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Sun D, Zhang S, Shi Y, Qiao F, Zhou Y, Liu J, Ren C. Effects of home-based telerehabilitation in patients with stroke. Neurology 2020; 95:e2318-e2330. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the effects of a 12-week home-based motor training telerehabilitation program in patients with subcortical stroke by combining motor function assessments and multimodality MRI analysis methods.MethodsFifty-two patients with stroke and hemiplegia were randomly assigned to either a home-based motor training telerehabilitation (TR) group or a conventional rehabilitation (CR) group for 12 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for upper and lower extremities and the modified Barthel Index were used as primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes included resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the bilateral M1 areas, gray matter volumes of the primary motor cortex (M1) areas, and white matter integrity of the corticospinal tract. Analysis of covariance was applied to examine the effects of the home-based motor training TR program on neural function recovery and brain plasticity.ResultsCompared with the CR group, the TR group showed significant improvement in the FMA (p = 0.011) and significantly increased M1-M1 rsFC (p = 0.031) at the end of the rehabilitation. The M1-M1 rsFC change was significantly positively correlated with the FMA change in the TR group (p = 0.018).ConclusionThis study showed a beneficial effect of the home-based motor training telerehabilitation program on motor function in patients with stroke, which was accompanied by enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity of the M1 areas. We inferred that it is feasible, safe, and efficacious for patients with stroke to receive professional rehabilitation training at home. The combined use of imaging biomarkers should be encouraged in motor training clinical studies in patients with stroke.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for patients with stroke with hemiplegia, home-based telerehabilitation compared to conventional rehabilitation significantly improves some motor function tests.
Collapse
|
13
|
Neurofeedback of scalp bi-hemispheric EEG sensorimotor rhythm guides hemispheric activation of sensorimotor cortex in the targeted hemisphere. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117298. [PMID: 32828924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is associated with the excitability of cortical regions. Visual feedback of EEG-oscillations may promote sensorimotor cortical activation, but its spatial specificity is not truly guaranteed due to signal interaction among interhemispheric brain regions. Guiding spatially specific activation is important for facilitating neural rehabilitation processes. Here, we tested whether users could explicitly guide sensorimotor cortical activity to the contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere using a spatially bivariate EEG-based neurofeedback that monitors bi-hemispheric sensorimotor cortical activities for healthy participants. Two different motor imageries (shoulder and hand MIs) were selected to see how differences in intrinsic corticomuscular projection patterns might influence activity lateralization. We showed sensorimotor cortical activities during shoulder, but not hand MI, can be brought under ipsilateral control with guided EEG-based neurofeedback. These results are compatible with neuroanatomy; shoulder muscles are innervated bihemispherically, whereas hand muscles are mostly innervated contralaterally. We demonstrate the neuroanatomically-inspired approach enables us to investigate potent neural remodeling functions that underlie EEG-based neurofeedback via a BCI.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen SCJ, Hsu MJ, Kuo YT, Lin RT, Lo SK, Lin JH. Immediate effects of noxious and innocuous thermal stimulation on brain activation in patients with stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19386. [PMID: 32118788 PMCID: PMC7478460 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Case-control studies have shown that noxious thermal stimulation (TS) can improve arm function in patients with stroke. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement are largely unknown. We explored functional neural activation due to noxious and innocuous TS intervention applied to the paretic arm of patients with stroke. Sixteen participants with unilateral cortical infarctions were allocated to one of two groups: noxious TS (8 patients; temperature combination: hot pain 46°C to 47°C, cold pain 7°C-8°C) or innocuous TS (n = 8; temperature combination: hot 40°C-41°C, cold 20°C-21°C). All subjects underwent fMRI scanning before and after 30 min TS intervention and performed a finger tapping task with the affected hand. Immediate brain activation effects were assessed according to thermal type (noxious vs. innocuous TS) and time (pre-TS vs post-TS). Regions activated by noxious TS relative to innocuous TS (P < .05, adjusted for multiple comparisons) were related to motor performance and sensory function in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortices, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus, hippocampus and unilateral primary motor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex at the contralateral side of lesion, and unilateral supplementary motor area at the ipsilateral side of lesion. Greater activation responses were observed in the side contralateral to the lesion, suggesting a significant intervention effect. Our preliminary findings suggest that noxious TS may induce neuroplastic changes unconstrained to the local area.Trial registration: NCT01418404.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chia-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Miao-Ju Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Sing-Kai Lo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jau-Hong Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Delorme M, Vergotte G, Perrey S, Froger J, Laffont I. Time course of sensorimotor cortex reorganization during upper extremity task accompanying motor recovery early after stroke: An fNIRS study. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:207-218. [PMID: 31227675 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-180877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute phase of stroke is accompanied by functional changes and interplay of both hemispheres. However, our understanding of how the time course of upper limb functional motor recovery is related to the progression of brain reorganization in the sensorimotor areas remains limited. This study aimed to assess the time course of hemodynamic patterns of cortical sensorimotor areas using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and motor recovery within three months after a stroke. METHOD Eight right-handed first ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke patients (60±8 years, 3 women) with mild to severe hemiparesis were examined with repetitive fNIRS measurements and motor recovery tests (Fugl-Meyer score) during two months. Hemodynamic changes over the ipsilesional and contralesional sensorimotor areas were collected from a multi-channel fNIRS system during intermittent isometric muscle contractions at self-selected submaximal force levels for each arm. Lateralization index was computed to evaluate the changes in the interhemispheric balance between the cortical sensorimotor areas. RESULTS Lateralization index values during non-paretic arm movements showed no significant changes over time in patients and were comparable to those observed in eight healthy controls. Paretic-arm movements were associated early with a bilateral cortical activity before shifting to ipsilesional patterns (p < 0.01). Progressive lateralization observed over the two months (p < 0.05) evolved concomitantly with an increase in the Fugl-Meyer score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cortical reorganization monitoring using fNIRS during the first weeks after stroke may be applied for assessing progressive brain plasticity in addition to clinical measures of performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delorme
- EuroMov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Nîmes University Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Froger
- EuroMov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Nîmes University Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nîmes, France
| | - Isabelle Laffont
- EuroMov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guggisberg AG, Koch PJ, Hummel FC, Buetefisch CM. Brain networks and their relevance for stroke rehabilitation. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1098-1124. [PMID: 31082786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke has long been regarded as focal disease with circumscribed damage leading to neurological deficits. However, advances in methods for assessing the human brain and in statistics have enabled new tools for the examination of the consequences of stroke on brain structure and function. Thereby, it has become evident that stroke has impact on the entire brain and its network properties and can therefore be considered as a network disease. The present review first gives an overview of current methodological opportunities and pitfalls for assessing stroke-induced changes and reorganization in the human brain. We then summarize principles of plasticity after stroke that have emerged from the assessment of networks. Thereby, it is shown that neurological deficits do not only arise from focal tissue damage but also from local and remote changes in white-matter tracts and in neural interactions among wide-spread networks. Similarly, plasticity and clinical improvements are associated with specific compensatory structural and functional patterns of neural network interactions. Innovative treatment approaches have started to target such network patterns to enhance recovery. Network assessments to predict treatment response and to individualize rehabilitation is a promising way to enhance specific treatment effects and overall outcome after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Guggisberg
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp J Koch
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Valais (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Valais (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Depts of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wada K, Ono Y, Kurata M, (Imanishi) Ito M, (Tani) Minakuchi M, Kono M, Tominaga T. Development of a Brain-machine Interface for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Event-related Desynchronization and Proprioceptive Feedback. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.8.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Wada
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University
| | - Yumie Ono
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Meiji University
| | - Masaya Kurata
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University
| | | | | | - Masashi Kono
- Department of Rehabilitation Suisyoukai Murata Hospital
| | - Takanori Tominaga
- Takasho Co. Ltd
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuang C, Zha Y. Abnormal intrinsic functional activity in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a resting-state fMRI study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2371-2383. [PMID: 31686821 PMCID: PMC6708884 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s209952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We employed resting-state fMRI analyses to reveal central functional reorganization in the brains of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and to provide complementary evidence of cortex reorganization in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We obtained Fisher's z transformation amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zALFF) and Fisher's z transformation regional homogeneity (zReHo) measurements from 33 patients with CSM and 33 healthy controls (HC) and used the brain regions with significant alterations in the zALFF or zReHo values as seed regions. Then, we calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between the resting-state time courses of each seed and the time series of the rest of the brain. Lastly, we computed correlations between the altered zALFF, zReHo, and functional connectivity with Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, Neck Disability Index score, and the duration of symptoms in patients with CSM. RESULTS zALFF and zReHo values were increased in the left medial superior frontal gyrus (lSFGmed) and left supramarginal gyrus (lSMG) in patients with CSM compared with those in the HC group. Selecting lSFGmed as the seed, we observed increased functional connectivity between it and the left postcentral gyrus (lPoCG) and left rolandic operculum and decreased functional connectivity with the right medial superior frontal gyrus in patients with CSM. In addition, there was a significant increase in the functional connectivity between the lSMG (seed) and the left calcarine and lPoCG in patients with CSM. However, we did not find any significant correlation between the resting-state findings and the clinical performance of patients with CSM. CONCLUSION These observed intrinsic functional changes in the patients with CSM may be related to functional reorganization and reflect the innate cortical plasticity in patients with CSM. Notably, the increased connectivity between the lPoCG and the two seed ROIs indicates the adaptive changes in patients with CSM. These findings provide complementary evidence of cortex reorganization in CSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Kuang
- Radiological Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zha
- Radiological Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
fMRI data processing in MRTOOL: to what extent does anatomical registration affect the reliability of functional results? Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1538-1553. [PMID: 30467743 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spatial registration is an essential step in the analysis of fMRI data because it enables between-subject analyses of brain activity, measured either during task performance or in the resting state. In this study, we investigated how anatomical registration with MRTOOL affects the reliability of task-related fMRI activity. We used as a benchmark the results from two other spatial registration methods implemented in SPM12: the Unified Segmentation algorithm and the DARTEL toolbox. Structural alignment accuracy and the impact on functional activation maps were assessed with high-resolution T1-weighted images and a set of task-related functional volumes acquired in 10 healthy volunteers. Our findings confirmed that anatomical registration is a crucial step in fMRI data processing, contributing significantly to the total inter-subject variance of the activation maps. MRTOOL and DARTEL provided greater registration accuracy than Unified Segmentation. Although DARTEL had superior gray matter and white matter tissue alignment than MRTOOL, there were no significant differences between DARTEL and MRTOOL in test-retest reliability. Likewise, we found only limited differences in BOLD activation morphology between MRTOOL and DARTEL. The test-retest reliability of task-related responses was comparable between MRTOOL and DARTEL, and both proved superior to Unified Segmentation. We conclude that MRTOOL, which is suitable for single-subject processing of structural and functional MR images, is a valid alternative to other SPM12-based approaches that are intended for group analysis. MRTOOL now includes a normalization module for fMRI data and is freely available to the scientific community.
Collapse
|
20
|
Boyd LA, Hayward KS, Ward NS, Stinear CM, Rosso C, Fisher RJ, Carter AR, Leff AP, Copland DA, Carey LM, Cohen LG, Basso DM, Maguire JM, Cramer SC. Biomarkers of Stroke Recovery: Consensus-Based Core Recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 31:864-876. [PMID: 29233071 DOI: 10.1177/1545968317732680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The most difficult clinical questions in stroke rehabilitation are "What is this patient's potential for recovery?" and "What is the best rehabilitation strategy for this person, given her/his clinical profile?" Without answers to these questions, clinicians struggle to make decisions regarding the content and focus of therapy, and researchers design studies that inadvertently mix participants who have a high likelihood of responding with those who do not. Developing and implementing biomarkers that distinguish patient subgroups will help address these issues and unravel the factors important to the recovery process. The goal of the present paper is to provide a consensus statement regarding the current state of the evidence for stroke recovery biomarkers. Biomarkers of motor, somatosensory, cognitive and language domains across the recovery timeline post-stroke are considered; with focus on brain structure and function, and exclusion of blood markers and genetics. We provide evidence for biomarkers that are considered ready to be included in clinical trials, as well as others that are promising but not ready and so represent a developmental priority. We conclude with an example that illustrates the utility of biomarkers in recovery and rehabilitation research, demonstrating how the inclusion of a biomarker may enhance future clinical trials. In this way, we propose a way forward for when and where we can include biomarkers to advance the efficacy of the practice of, and research into, rehabilitation and recovery after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Boyd
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy & the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- 2 Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Nick S Ward
- 3 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- 4 Department of Medicine and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- 5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, France; AP-HP, Stroke Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, France
| | - Rebecca J Fisher
- 6 Division of Rehabilitation & Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexandre R Carter
- 7 Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P Leff
- 8 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Queens Square, London, UK
| | - David A Copland
- 9 School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- 10 School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe, University, Bundoora, Australia; and Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- 11 Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Michele Basso
- 12 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane M Maguire
- 13 Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven C Cramer
- 14 University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Depts. Neurology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Catching the Integration Train: A Look Into the Next 10 Years of Motor-Control and Motor-Learning Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1123/kr.2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Kim B, Fisher BE, Schweighofer N, Leahy RM, Haldar JP, Choi S, Kay DB, Gordon J, Winstein CJ. A comparison of seven different DTI-derived estimates of corticospinal tract structural characteristics in chronic stroke survivors. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 304:66-75. [PMID: 29684462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to estimate corticospinal tract (CST) structure in the context of stroke rehabilitation research. However, there is no gold standard for the estimate of CST structure in chronic stroke survivors. This study aims to determine the most accurate DTI-derived CST estimate that is associated with a clinical motor outcome measure. METHODS We obtained imaging and behavioral data from a phase-I stroke rehabilitation clinical trial. We included thirty-seven chronic stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate motor impairment. Imaging data were processed using BrainSuite16a software. We calculated mean FA for each of 7 different ROIs/VOIs that include manually drawn 2-D ROIs and 3-D VOIs of CST from individual tractography or standard atlas. We compared ipsi- and contralesional CST FA for each method. Partial correlation was conducted between each CST FA asymmetry index and a time-based motor outcome measure, controlling for age and chronicity. RESULTS Ipsilesional CST FA was significantly lower than contralesional CST FA for each of the 7 methods Only CST FA asymmetry from the 3-D individual CST tractography showed a significant correlation with the primary motor outcome (r = 0.46, p = .005), while CST FA from the other six methods did not. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to the six other methods, CST FA asymmetry from 3-D individual tractography is the most accurate estimate of CST structure in this cohort of stroke survivors. CONCLUSION We recommend this method for future research seeking to understand brain-behavior mechanisms of motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokkyu Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Div. of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Dept. of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas Schweighofer
- Div. of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Neurosci. Grad. Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard M Leahy
- Ming Hsieh Dept. of Electrical Engin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Brain and Creativity Inst., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Justin P Haldar
- Ming Hsieh Dept. of Electrical Engin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Brain and Creativity Inst., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Neurosci. Grad. Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dorsa B Kay
- Neurosci. Grad. Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James Gordon
- Div. of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carolee J Winstein
- Div. of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Dept. of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boyd LA, Hayward KS, Ward NS, Stinear CM, Rosso C, Fisher RJ, Carter AR, Leff AP, Copland DA, Carey LM, Cohen LG, Basso DM, Maguire JM, Cramer SC. Biomarkers of stroke recovery: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Int J Stroke 2018; 12:480-493. [PMID: 28697711 DOI: 10.1177/1747493017714176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The most difficult clinical questions in stroke rehabilitation are "What is this patient's potential for recovery?" and "What is the best rehabilitation strategy for this person, given her/his clinical profile?" Without answers to these questions, clinicians struggle to make decisions regarding the content and focus of therapy, and researchers design studies that inadvertently mix participants who have a high likelihood of responding with those who do not. Developing and implementing biomarkers that distinguish patient subgroups will help address these issues and unravel the factors important to the recovery process. The goal of the present paper is to provide a consensus statement regarding the current state of the evidence for stroke recovery biomarkers. Biomarkers of motor, somatosensory, cognitive and language domains across the recovery timeline post-stroke are considered; with focus on brain structure and function, and exclusion of blood markers and genetics. We provide evidence for biomarkers that are considered ready to be included in clinical trials, as well as others that are promising but not ready and so represent a developmental priority. We conclude with an example that illustrates the utility of biomarkers in recovery and rehabilitation research, demonstrating how the inclusion of a biomarker may enhance future clinical trials. In this way, we propose a way forward for when and where we can include biomarkers to advance the efficacy of the practice of, and research into, rehabilitation and recovery after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Boyd
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy & the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- 2 Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Nick S Ward
- 3 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- 4 Department of Medicine and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- 5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,6 AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca J Fisher
- 7 Division of Rehabilitation & Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexandre R Carter
- 8 Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P Leff
- 9 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Queens Square, London, UK
| | - David A Copland
- 10 School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- 11 School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe, University, Bundoora, Australia; and Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- 12 Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Michele Basso
- 13 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane M Maguire
- 14 Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven C Cramer
- 15 University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Depts. Neurology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Novaes MM, Palhano-Fontes F, Peres A, Mazzetto-Betti K, Pelicioni M, Andrade KC, dos Santos AC, Pontes-Neto O, Araujo D. Neurofunctional changes after a single mirror therapy intervention in chronic ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:966-974. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1447571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana M Novaes
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Andre Peres
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Kelley Mazzetto-Betti
- Radiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pelicioni
- Radiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Andrade
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos dos Santos
- Radiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Octavio Pontes-Neto
- Radiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Draulio Araujo
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Johnson NN, Carey J, Edelman BJ, Doud A, Grande A, Lakshminarayan K, He B. Combined rTMS and virtual reality brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:016009. [PMID: 28914232 PMCID: PMC5821060 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa8ce3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with brain-computer interface (BCI) training can address motor impairment after stroke by down-regulating exaggerated inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere and encouraging ipsilesional activation. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of combined rTMS + BCI, compared to sham rTMS + BCI, on motor recovery after stroke in subjects with lasting motor paresis. APPROACH Three stroke subjects approximately one year post-stroke participated in three weeks of combined rTMS (real or sham) and BCI, followed by three weeks of BCI alone. Behavioral and electrophysiological differences were evaluated at baseline, after three weeks, and after six weeks of treatment. MAIN RESULTS Motor improvements were observed in both real rTMS + BCI and sham groups, but only the former showed significant alterations in inter-hemispheric inhibition in the desired direction and increased relative ipsilesional cortical activation from fMRI. In addition, significant improvements in BCI performance over time and adequate control of the virtual reality BCI paradigm were observed only in the former group. SIGNIFICANCE When combined, the results highlight the feasibility and efficacy of combined rTMS + BCI for motor recovery, demonstrated by increased ipsilesional motor activity and improvements in behavioral function for the real rTMS + BCI condition in particular. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of BCI training alone, as shown by behavioral improvements for the sham rTMS + BCI condition. This study is the first to evaluate combined rTMS and BCI training for motor rehabilitation and provides a foundation for continued work to evaluate the potential of both rTMS and virtual reality BCI training for motor recovery after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Carey
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - B J Edelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - A Doud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - A Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - K Lakshminarayan
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - B He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Isa T. The Brain Is Needed to Cure Spinal Cord Injury. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:625-636. [PMID: 28893422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to corticospinal fibers in the cervical spinal cord is known to impair dexterous hand movements. However, accumulating evidence has shown that precision grip can recover considerably through rehabilitative training. Recent multidisciplinary studies have revealed that, at the spinal level, this recovery is possible due to an indirect neural pathway through propriospinal neurons (PNs), which relay cortical commands to hand motoneurons. Although this indirect spinal pathway is heavily involved in recovery, its role is dwarfed by a simultaneous large-scale network reorganization spanning motor-related cortices and mesolimbic structures. This large-scale network reorganization is key to the regulation of recovery and future therapeutic strategies will need to take into account the involvement of these supraspinal centers in addition to the known role of the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chinthu R, Anju T, Paulose C. Cholinergic receptor alterations in the cerebral cortex of spinal cord injured rat. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:46-51. [PMID: 29114569 PMCID: PMC5637237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many areas of the cerebral cortex process sensory information or coordinate motor output necessary for control of movement. Disturbances in cortical cholinergic system can affect locomotor coordination. Spinal cord injury causes severe motor impairment and disturbances in cholinergic signalling can aggravate the situation. Considering the impact of cortical cholinergic firing in locomotion, we focussed the study in understanding the cholinergic alterations in cerebral cortex during spinal cord injury. The gene expression of key enzymes in cholinergic pathway - acetylcholine esterase and choline acetyl transferase showed significant upregulation in the cerebral cortex of spinal cord injured group compared to control with the fold increase in expression of acetylcholine esterase prominently higher than cholineacetyl transferase. The decreased muscarinic receptor density and reduced immunostaining of muscarinic receptor subtypes along with down regulated gene expression of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor subtypes accounts for dysfunction of metabotropic acetylcholine receptors in spinal cord injury group. Ionotropic acetylcholine receptor alterations were evident from the decreased gene expression of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors and reduced immunostaining of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors in confocal imaging. Our data pin points the disturbances in cortical cholinergic function due to spinal cord injury; which can augment the locomotor deficits. This can be taken into account while devising a proper therapeutic approach to manage spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - T.R. Anju
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bajaj S, Housley SN, Wu D, Dhamala M, James GA, Butler AJ. Dominance of the Unaffected Hemisphere Motor Network and Its Role in the Behavior of Chronic Stroke Survivors. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:650. [PMID: 28082882 PMCID: PMC5186808 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance of motor network activity between the two brain hemispheres after stroke is crucial for functional recovery. Several studies have extensively studied the role of the affected brain hemisphere to better understand changes in motor network activity following stroke. Very few studies have examined the role of the unaffected brain hemisphere and confirmed the test-retest reliability of connectivity measures on unaffected hemisphere. We recorded blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals from nine stroke survivors with hemiparesis of the left or right hand. Participants performed a motor execution task with affected hand, unaffected hand, and both hands simultaneously. Participants returned for a repeat fMRI scan 1 week later. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we evaluated effective connectivity among three motor areas: the primary motor area (M1), the premotor cortex (PMC) and the supplementary motor area for the affected and unaffected hemispheres separately. Five participants' manual motor ability was assessed by Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment scores and root-mean square error of participants' tracking ability during a robot-assisted game. We found (i) that the task performance with the affected hand resulted in strengthening of the connectivity pattern for unaffected hemisphere, (ii) an identical network of the unaffected hemisphere when participants performed the task with their unaffected hand, and (iii) the pattern of directional connectivity observed in the affected hemisphere was identical for tasks using the affected hand only or both hands. Furthermore, paired t-test comparison found no significant differences in connectivity strength for any path when compared with one-week follow-up. Brain-behavior linear correlation analysis showed that the connectivity patterns in the unaffected hemisphere more accurately reflected the behavioral conditions than the connectivity patterns in the affected hemisphere. Above findings enrich our knowledge of unaffected brain hemisphere following stroke, which further strengthens our neurobiological understanding of stroke-affected brain and can help to effectively identify and apply stroke-treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA; Joint Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Nano-Optics, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - G A James
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Andrew J Butler
- Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, AtlantaGA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence, DecaturGA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
MRI Biomarkers for Hand-Motor Outcome Prediction and Therapy Monitoring following Stroke. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9265621. [PMID: 27747108 PMCID: PMC5056270 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9265621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been identified which enable a considerable prediction of hand-motor outcome after cerebral damage already in the subacute stage after stroke. We here review the value of MRI biomarkers in the evaluation of corticospinal integrity and functional recruitment of motor resources. Many of the functional imaging parameters are not feasible early after stroke or for patients with high impairment and low compliance. Whereas functional connectivity parameters have demonstrated varying results on their predictive value for hand-motor outcome, corticospinal integrity evaluation using structural imaging showed robust and high predictive power for patients with different levels of impairment. Although this is indicative of an overall higher value of structural imaging for prediction, we suggest that this variation be explained by structure and function relationships. To gain more insight into the recovering brain, not only one biomarker is needed. We rather argue for a combination of different measures in an algorithm to classify fine-graded subgroups of patients. Approaches to determining biomarkers have to take into account the established markers to provide further information on certain subgroups. Assessing the best therapy approaches for individual patients will become more feasible as these subgroups become specified in more detail. This procedure will help to considerably save resources and optimize neurorehabilitative therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim B, Winstein C. Can Neurological Biomarkers of Brain Impairment Be Used to Predict Poststroke Motor Recovery? A Systematic Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 31:3-24. [PMID: 27503908 DOI: 10.1177/1545968316662708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background There is growing interest to establish recovery biomarkers, especially neurological biomarkers, in order to develop new therapies and prediction models for the promotion of stroke rehabilitation and recovery. However, there is no consensus among the neurorehabilitation community about which biomarker(s) have the highest predictive value for motor recovery. Objective To review the evidence and determine which neurological biomarker(s) meet the high evidence quality criteria for use in predicting motor recovery. Methods We searched databases for prognostic neuroimaging/neurophysiological studies. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using a previously employed comprehensive 15-item rating system. Furthermore, we used the GRADE approach and ranked the overall evidence quality for each category of neurologic biomarker. Results Seventy-one articles met our inclusion criteria; 5 categories of neurologic biomarkers were identified: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), conventional structural MRI (sMRI), and a combination of these biomarkers. Most studies were conducted with individuals after ischemic stroke in the acute and/or subacute stage (~70%). Less than one-third of the studies (21/71) were assessed with satisfactory methodological quality (80% or more of total quality score). Conventional structural MRI and the combination biomarker categories ranked "high" in overall evidence quality. Conclusions There were 3 prevalent methodological limitations: (a) lack of cross-validation, (b) lack of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for motor outcomes, and (c) small sample size. More high-quality studies are needed to establish which neurological biomarkers are the best predictors of motor recovery after stroke. Finally, the quarter-century old methodological quality tool used here should be updated by inclusion of more contemporary methods and statistical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokkyu Kim
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carey LM, Seitz RJ. Functional Neuroimaging in Stroke Recovery and Neurorehabilitation: Conceptual Issues and Perspectives. Int J Stroke 2016; 2:245-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In stroke, functional neuroimaging has become a potent diagnostic tool; opened new insights into the pathophysiology of ischaemic damage in the human brain; and made possible the assessment of functional–structural relationships in postlesion recovery. Summary of review Here, we give a critical account on the potential and limitation of functional neuroimaging and discuss concepts related to the use of neuroimaging for exploring the neurobiological and neuroanatomical mechanisms of poststroke recovery and neurorehabilitation. We identify and provide evidence for five hypotheses that functional neuroimaging can provide new insights into: adaptation occurs at the level of functional brain systems; the brain–behaviour relationship varies with recovery and over time; functional neuroimaging can improve our ability to predict recovery and select individuals for rehabilitation; mechanisms of recovery reflect different pathophysiological phases; and brain adaptation may be modulated by experience and specific rehabilitation. The significance and application of this new evidence is discussed, and recommendations made for investigations in the field. Conclusion Functional neuroimaging is an important tool to explore the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity and, thereby, to guide clinical research in neurorehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M. Carey
- National Stroke Research Institute, Neurosciences Building, Heidelberg Heights, Vic., Australia
- School of Occupational Therapy, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Rüdiger J. Seitz
- National Stroke Research Institute, Neurosciences Building, Heidelberg Heights, Vic., Australia
- Institute of Advanced Study, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jang SH, Yi JH, Choi BY, Chang CH, Jung YJ, Lee HD, Yeo SS. Changes of the corticospinal tract in the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Somatosens Mot Res 2016; 33:1-7. [PMID: 26891746 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2016.1142435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the unaffected hemisphere according to severity of the CST injury, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). According to the severity of the CST injury in the affected hemisphere, the stroke patients showed different aspects of fiber volume increment of the CST in the unaffected hemisphere; the fiber volume was increased in the early phase in patients with mild injury of CST and later phase in patients with severe injury of CST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yi
- b Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeon Choi
- c Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Chang
- c Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jung
- c Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Do Lee
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Taegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- d Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dobkin BH. Rehabilitation Strategies for Restorative Approaches After Stroke and Neurotrauma. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
34
|
Functional versus Nonfunctional Rehabilitation in Chronic Ischemic Stroke: Evidences from a Randomized Functional MRI Study. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:6353218. [PMID: 26839716 PMCID: PMC4709724 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6353218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor rehabilitation of stroke survivors may include functional and/or nonfunctional strategy. The present study aimed to compare the effect of these two rehabilitation strategies by means of clinical scales and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Twelve hemiparetic chronic stroke patients were selected. Patients were randomly assigned a nonfunctional (NFS) or functional (FS) rehabilitation scheme. Clinical scales (Fugl-Meyer, ARA test, and modified Barthel) and fMRI were applied at four moments: before rehabilitation (P1) and immediately after (P2), 1 month after (P3), and three months after (P4) the end of rehabilitation. The NFS group improved significantly and exclusively their Fugl-Meyer scores at P2, P3, and P4, when compared to P1. On the other hand, the FS group increased significantly in Fugl-Meyer at P2, when compared to P1, and also in their ARA and Barthel scores. fMRI inspection at the individual level revealed that both rehabilitation schemes most often led to decreased activation sparseness, decreased activity of contralesional M1, increased asymmetry of M1 activity to the ipsilesional side, decreased perilesional activity, and decreased SMA activity. Increased M1 asymmetry with rehabilitation was also confirmed by Lateralization Indexes. Our clinical analysis revealed subtle differences between FS and NFS.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ripollés P, Rojo N, Grau-Sánchez J, Amengual JL, Càmara E, Marco-Pallarés J, Juncadella M, Vaquero L, Rubio F, Duarte E, Garrido C, Altenmüller E, Münte TF, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Music supported therapy promotes motor plasticity in individuals with chronic stroke. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 10:1289-1307. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Tang Q, Li G, Liu T, Wang A, Feng S, Liao X, Jin Y, Guo Z, He B, McClure MA, Xing G, Mu Q. Modulation of interhemispheric activation balance in motor-related areas of stroke patients with motor recovery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
37
|
Yamada N, Kakuda W, Yamamoto K, Momosaki R, Abo M. Atomoxetine administration combined with intensive speech therapy for post-stroke aphasia: evaluation by a novel SPECT method. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:829-38. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1074226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
38
|
Pundik S, McCabe JP, Hrovat K, Fredrickson AE, Tatsuoka C, Feng IJ, Daly JJ. Recovery of post stroke proximal arm function, driven by complex neuroplastic bilateral brain activation patterns and predicted by baseline motor dysfunction severity. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:394. [PMID: 26257623 PMCID: PMC4510426 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Neuroplastic changes that drive recovery of shoulder/elbow function after stroke have been poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between neuroplastic brain changes related to shoulder/elbow movement control in response to treatment and recovery of arm motor function in chronic stroke survivors.Methods: Twenty-three chronic stroke survivors were treated with 12 weeks of arm rehabilitation. Outcome measures included functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) for the shoulder/elbow components of reach and a skilled motor function test (Arm Motor Abilities Test, AMAT), collected before and after treatment.Results: We observed two patterns of neuroplastic changes that were associated with gains in motor function: decreased or increased task-related brain activation. Those with significantly better motor function at baseline exhibited a decrease in brain activation in response to treatment, evident in the ipsilesional primary motor and contralesional supplementary motor regions; in contrast, those with greater baseline motor impairment, exhibited increased brain activation in response to treatment. There was a linear relationship between greater functional gain (AMAT) and increased activation in bilateral primary motor, contralesional primary and secondary sensory regions, and contralesional lateral premotor area, after adjusting for baseline AMAT, age, and time since stroke.Conclusions: Recovery of functional reach involves recruitment of several contralesional and bilateral primary motor regions. In response to intensive therapy, the direction of functional brain change (i.e., increase or decrease in task-related brain recruitment) for shoulder/elbow reach components depends on baseline level of motor function and may represent either different phases of recovery or different patterns of neuroplasticity that drive functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pundik
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA ; Neurology Service, Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica P McCabe
- Neurology Service, Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ken Hrovat
- Neurology Service, Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Curtis Tatsuoka
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - I Jung Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Janis J Daly
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainsville, FL, USA ; North Florida/South Georgia, Gainesville VA Medical Center, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Gainsville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Quinlan EB, Dodakian L, See J, McKenzie A, Le V, Wojnowicz M, Shahbaba B, Cramer SC. Neural function, injury, and stroke subtype predict treatment gains after stroke. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:132-45. [PMID: 25382315 PMCID: PMC4293339 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to better understand the high variability in response seen when treating human subjects with restorative therapies poststroke. Preclinical studies suggest that neural function, neural injury, and clinical status each influence treatment gains; therefore, the current study hypothesized that a multivariate approach incorporating these 3 measures would have the greatest predictive value. METHODS Patients 3 to 6 months poststroke underwent a battery of assessments before receiving 3 weeks of standardized upper extremity robotic therapy. Candidate predictors included measures of brain injury (including to gray and white matter), neural function (cortical function and cortical connectivity), and clinical status (demographics/medical history, cognitive/mood, and impairment). RESULTS Among all 29 patients, predictors of treatment gains identified measures of brain injury (smaller corticospinal tract [CST] injury), cortical function (greater ipsilesional motor cortex [M1] activation), and cortical connectivity (greater interhemispheric M1-M1 connectivity). Multivariate modeling found that best prediction was achieved using both CST injury and M1-M1 connectivity (r(2) = 0.44, p = 0.002), a result confirmed using Lasso regression. A threshold was defined whereby no subject with >63% CST injury achieved clinically significant gains. Results differed according to stroke subtype; gains in patients with lacunar stroke were best predicted by a measure of intrahemispheric connectivity. INTERPRETATION Response to a restorative therapy after stroke is best predicted by a model that includes measures of both neural injury and function. Neuroimaging measures were the best predictors and may have an ascendant role in clinical decision making for poststroke rehabilitation, which remains largely reliant on behavioral assessments. Results differed across stroke subtypes, suggesting the utility of lesion-specific strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Dodakian
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jill See
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Alison McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of California, Irvine
| | - Vu Le
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Mike Wojnowicz
- Department of Statistics; Chapman University, University of California, Irvine
| | - Babak Shahbaba
- Department of Statistics; Chapman University, University of California, Irvine
| | - Steven C. Cramer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Interplay between intra- and interhemispheric remodeling of neural networks as a substrate of functional recovery after stroke: Adaptive versus maladaptive reorganization. Neuroscience 2014; 283:178-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
41
|
Boe S, Gionfriddo A, Kraeutner S, Tremblay A, Little G, Bardouille T. Laterality of brain activity during motor imagery is modulated by the provision of source level neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2014; 101:159-67. [PMID: 24999037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) may be effective as an adjunct to physical practice for motor skill acquisition. For example, MI is emerging as an effective treatment in stroke neurorehabilitation. As in physical practice, the repetitive activation of neural pathways during MI can drive short- and long-term brain changes that underlie functional recovery. However, the lack of feedback about MI performance may be a factor limiting its effectiveness. The provision of feedback about MI-related brain activity may overcome this limitation by providing the opportunity for individuals to monitor their own performance of this endogenous process. We completed a controlled study to isolate neurofeedback as the factor driving changes in MI-related brain activity across repeated sessions. Eighteen healthy participants took part in 3 sessions comprised of both actual and imagined performance of a button press task. During MI, participants in the neurofeedback group received source level feedback based on activity from the left and right sensorimotor cortex obtained using magnetoencephalography. Participants in the control group received no neurofeedback. MI-related brain activity increased in the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the imagined movement across sessions in the neurofeedback group, but not in controls. Task performance improved across sessions but did not differ between groups. Our results indicate that the provision of neurofeedback during MI allows healthy individuals to modulate regional brain activity. This finding has the potential to improve the effectiveness of MI as a tool in neurorehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Boe
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Alicia Gionfriddo
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Sarah Kraeutner
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Antoine Tremblay
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Graham Little
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), IWK Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Timothy Bardouille
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), IWK Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takekawa T, Kakuda W, Uchiyama M, Ikegaya M, Abo M. Brain perfusion and upper limb motor function: A pilot study on the correlation between evolution of asymmetry in cerebral blood flow and improvement in Fugl–Meyer Assessment score after rTMS in chronic post-stroke patients. J Neuroradiol 2014; 41:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Burke E, Dobkin BH, Noser EA, Enney LA, Cramer SC. Predictors and biomarkers of treatment gains in a clinical stroke trial targeting the lower extremity. Stroke 2014; 45:2379-84. [PMID: 25070961 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Behavioral measures are often used to distinguish subgroups of patients with stroke (eg, to predict treatment gains, stratify clinical trial enrollees, or select rehabilitation therapy). In studies of the upper extremity, measures of brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have also been found useful, but this approach has not been examined for the lower extremity. The current study hypothesized that an fMRI-based measure of cortical function would significantly improve prediction of treatment-induced lower extremity behavioral gains. Biomarkers of treatment gains were also explored. METHODS Patients with hemiparesis 1 to 12 months after stroke were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of ropinirole+physical therapy versus placebo+physical therapy, results of which have previously been reported (NCT00221390).(15) Primary end point was change in gait velocity. Enrollees underwent baseline multimodal assessment that included 19 measures spanning 5 assessment categories (medical history, impairment, disability, brain injury, and brain function), and also underwent reassessment 3 weeks after end of therapy. RESULTS In bivariate analysis, 8 baseline measures belonging to 4 categories (medical history, impairment, disability, and brain function) significantly predicted change in gait velocity. Prediction was strongest, however, using a multivariate model containing 2 measures (leg Fugl-Meyer score and fMRI activation volume within ipsilesional foot sensorimotor cortex). Increased activation volume within bilateral foot primary sensorimotor cortex correlated positively with treatment-induced leg motor gains. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal model incorporating behavioral and fMRI measures best predicted treatment-induced changes in gait velocity in a clinical trial setting. Results also suggest potential use of fMRI measures as biomarkers of treatment gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Burke
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (E.B., S.C.C.) and Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (B.H.D.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston (E.A.N.); and Neurosciences Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.E.)
| | - Bruce H Dobkin
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (E.B., S.C.C.) and Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (B.H.D.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston (E.A.N.); and Neurosciences Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.E.)
| | - Elizabeth A Noser
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (E.B., S.C.C.) and Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (B.H.D.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston (E.A.N.); and Neurosciences Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.E.)
| | - Lori A Enney
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (E.B., S.C.C.) and Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (B.H.D.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston (E.A.N.); and Neurosciences Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.E.)
| | - Steven C Cramer
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (E.B., S.C.C.) and Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (B.H.D.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston (E.A.N.); and Neurosciences Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.E.).
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Milot MH, Spencer SJ, Chan V, Allington JP, Klein J, Chou C, Pearson-Fuhrhop K, Bobrow JE, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Cramer SC. Corticospinal excitability as a predictor of functional gains at the affected upper limb following robotic training in chronic stroke survivors. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2014; 28:819-27. [PMID: 24642382 DOI: 10.1177/1545968314527351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic training can help improve function of a paretic limb following a stroke, but individuals respond differently to the training. A predictor of functional gains might improve the ability to select those individuals more likely to benefit from robot-based therapy. Studies evaluating predictors of functional improvement after a robotic training are scarce. One study has found that white matter tract integrity predicts functional gains following a robotic training of the hand and wrist. Objective. To determine the predictive ability of behavioral and brain measures in order to improve selection of individuals for robotic training. METHODS Twenty subjects with chronic stroke participated in an 8-week course of robotic exoskeletal training for the arm. Before training, a clinical evaluation, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were each measured as predictors. Final functional gain was defined as change in the Box and Block Test (BBT). Measures significant in bivariate analysis were fed into a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS Training was associated with an average gain of 6 ± 5 blocks on the BBT (P < .0001). Bivariate analysis revealed that lower baseline motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude on TMS, and lower laterality M1 index on fMRI each significantly correlated with greater BBT change. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, baseline MEP magnitude was the only measure that remained significant. CONCLUSION Subjects with lower baseline MEP magnitude benefited the most from robotic training of the affected arm. These subjects might have reserve remaining for the training to boost corticospinal excitability, translating into functional gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Milot
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada University of California; Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Vicky Chan
- University of California; Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cathy Chou
- University of California; Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ladda AM, Pfannmoeller JP, Kalisch T, Roschka S, Platz T, Dinse HR, Lotze M. Effects of combining 2 weeks of passive sensory stimulation with active hand motor training in healthy adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84402. [PMID: 24416229 PMCID: PMC3886996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard to acquire motor skills is through intensive training and practicing. Recent studies have demonstrated that behavioral gains can also be acquired by mere exposure to repetitive sensory stimulation to drive the plasticity processes. Single application of repetitive electric stimulation (rES) of the fingers has been shown to improve tactile perception in young adults as well as sensorimotor performance in healthy elderly individuals. The combination of repetitive motor training with a preceding rES has not been reported yet. In addition, the impact of such a training on somatosensory tactile and spatial sensitivity as well as on somatosensory cortical activation remains elusive. Therefore, we tested 15 right-handed participants who underwent repetitive electric stimulation of all finger tips of the left hand for 20 minutes prior to one hour of motor training of the left hand over the period of two weeks. Overall, participants substantially improved the motor performance of the left trained hand by 34%, but also showed a relevant transfer to the untrained right hand by 24%. Baseline ipsilateral activation fMRI-magnitude in BA 1 to sensory index finger stimulation predicted training outcome for somatosensory guided movements: those who showed higher ipsilateral activation were those who did profit less from training. Improvement of spatial tactile discrimination was positively associated with gains in pinch grip velocity. Overall, a combination of priming rES and repetitive motor training is capable to induce motor and somatosensory performance increase and representation changes in BA1 in healthy young subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aija Marie Ladda
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joerg Peter Pfannmoeller
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalisch
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sybille Roschka
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Neurorehabilitation Centre and Spinal Cord Injury Unit, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Platz
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Neurorehabilitation Centre and Spinal Cord Injury Unit, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hubert R. Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abo M, Kakuda W, Momosaki R, Harashima H, Kojima M, Watanabe S, Sato T, Yokoi A, Umemori T, Sasanuma J. Randomized, Multicenter, Comparative Study of NEURO versus CIMT in Poststroke Patients with Upper Limb Hemiparesis: The NEURO-VERIFY Study. Int J Stroke 2013; 9:607-12. [DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Many poststroke patients suffer functional motor limitation of the affected upper limb, which is associated with diminished health-related quality of life. Aims The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized, multicenter, comparative study of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with intensive occupational therapy, NEURO (NovEl intervention Using Repetitive TMS and intensive Occupational therapy) versus constraint-induced movement therapy in poststroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis. Methods In this randomized controlled study of NEURO and constraint-induced movement therapy, 66 poststroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis were randomly assigned at 2:1 ratio to low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus occupational therapy (NEURO group) or constraint-induced movement therapy (constraint-induced movement therapy group) for 15 days. Fugl–Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test and Functional Ability Score of Wolf Motor Function Test were used for assessment. Results No differences in patients' characteristics were found between the two groups at baseline. The Fugl–Meyer Assessment score was significantly higher in both groups after the 15-day treatment compared with the baseline. Changes in Fugl–Meyer Assessment scores and Functional Ability Score of Wolf Motor Function Test were significantly higher in the NEURO group than in the constraint-induced movement therapy group, whereas the decrease in the Wolf Motor Function Test log performance time was comparable between the two groups (changes in Fugl–Meyer Assessment score, NEURO: 5·39 ± 4·28, constraint-induced movement therapy: 3·09 ± 4·50 points; mean ± standard error of the mean; P < 0·05) (changes in Functional Ability Score of Wolf Motor Function Test, NEURO: 3·98 ± 2·99, constraint-induced movement therapy: 2·09 ± 2·96 points; P < 0·05). Conclusions The results of the 15-day rehabilitative protocol showed the superiority of NEURO relative to constraint-induced movement therapy; NEURO improved the motion of the whole upper limb and resulted in functional improvement in activities of daily living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakuda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Momosaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Harashima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeto Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Yokoi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Umemori
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinichi Sasanuma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carey LM, Seitz RJ, Parsons M, Levi C, Farquharson S, Tournier JD, Palmer S, Connelly A. Beyond the lesion: neuroimaging foundations for post-stroke recovery. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A shift is emerging in the way in which we view post-stroke recovery. This shift, supported by evidence from neuroimaging studies, encourages us to look beyond the lesion and to identify viable brain networks with capacity for plasticity. In this article, the authors review current advances in neuroimaging techniques and the new insights that they have contributed. The ability to quantify salvageable tissue, evidence of changes in remote networks, changes of functional and structural connectivity, and alterations in cortical thickness are reviewed in the context of their impact on post-stroke recovery. The value of monitoring spared structural connections and functional connectivity of brain networks within and across hemispheres is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M Carey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Centre of Neurology & Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Parsons
- Stroke Program, Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Stroke Program, Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Shawna Farquharson
- Imaging Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacques-Donald Tournier
- Imaging Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia
| | - Susan Palmer
- Neurorehabilitation & Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- Imaging Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Burke E, Cramer SC. Biomarkers and predictors of restorative therapy effects after stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2013; 13:329. [PMID: 23299824 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many restorative therapies that promote brain repair are under development. Stroke is very heterogeneous, highlighting the need to identify target populations and to understand intersubject differences in treatment response. Several neuroimaging measures have shown promise as biomarkers and predictors, including measures of structure and function, in gray matter and white matter. The choice of biomarker and predictor can differ with the content of therapy and with the population under study, for example, contralesional hemisphere measures may be of particular importance in patients with more severe injury. Studies of training effects in healthy subjects provide insights useful to brain repair. Limitations of published studies include a focus on chronic stroke, however the brain is most galvanized to respond to restorative therapies in the early days after stroke. Multimodal approaches might be the most robust approach for stratifying patients and so for optimizing prescription of restorative therapies after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Burke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamada N, Kakuda W, Senoo A, Kondo T, Mitani S, Shimizu M, Abo M. Functional cortical reorganization after low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus intensive occupational therapy for upper limb hemiparesis: evaluation by functional magnetic resonance imaging in poststroke patients. Int J Stroke 2013; 8:422-9. [PMID: 23692672 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the nonlesional hemisphere combined with occupational therapy significantly improves motor function of the affected upper limb in poststroke hemiparetic patients, but the recovery mechanism remains unclear. AIMS To investigate the recovery mechanism using functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Forty-seven poststroke hemiparetic patients were hospitalized to receive 12 sessions of 40-min low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the nonlesional hemisphere and daily occupational therapy for 15 days. Motor function was evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test. The functional magnetic resonance imaging with motor tasks was performed at admission and discharge. The laterality index of activated voxel number in Brodmann areas 4 and 6 on functional magnetic resonance imaging was calculated (laterality index range of -1 to +1). Patients were divided into two groups based on functional magnetic resonance imaging findings before the intervention: group 1: patients who showed bilateral activation (n = 27); group 2: patients with unilateral activation (n = 20). RESULTS Treatment resulted in improvement in Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test in the two groups (P < 0·01). The treatment also resulted in a significant increase in laterality index in group 1 (P < 0·05), suggesting a shift in activated voxels to the lesional hemisphere. Patients of group 2 showed a significant increase in lesional hemisphere activation (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The results of serial functional magnetic resonance imaging indicated that our proposed treatment can induce functional cortical reorganization, leading to motor functional recovery of the affected upper limb. Especially, it seems that neural activation in the lesional hemisphere plays an important role in such recovery in poststroke hemiparetic patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lang KC, Thompson PA, Wolf SL. The EXCITE Trial: reacquiring upper-extremity task performance with early versus late delivery of constraint therapy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2013; 27:654-63. [PMID: 23542218 DOI: 10.1177/1545968313481281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines performance of Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) tasks in terms of the ability of EXCITE trial participants (who had suffered a stroke 3-9 months before recruitment) to complete the task within the timed interval. METHODS Data were collected from participants who received constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) 3 to 9 months poststroke (CIMT-I, n = 106) or 15 to 21 months poststroke (CIMT-D, n = 116). Performance on the 15 timed WMFT tasks was converted into binary values, and changes in completion of the tasks were analyzed with generalized estimating equation methods, under the assumption of a binomial or Poisson process for completion. RESULTS During CIMT, the CIMT-I group showed significant within-group improvements in 3 fine-movement tasks and in total noncompleted tasks (noncompletes), whereas the CIMT-D group did not (P ≤ .0036). CIMT-I improvement was significantly greater than CIMT-D improvement for the lifting pencil task and total noncompletes. During the year following CIMT, neither group showed significant changes in completion of WMFT tasks. Over all time intervals, only the CIMT-I group displayed significant improvement in several tasks and total noncompletes. Between groups, there were significant and almost-significant differences between the improvements of the 2 groups in 3 tasks requiring fine distal movement. CONCLUSION Receiving CIMT earlier appears to improve reacquisition and retention of WMFT tasks, especially those requiring fine motor skills. Combined with earlier findings, these results indicate that improvements in existing motor abilities are possible with both immediate and delayed CIMT, but early CIMT is necessary for significant reacquisition of tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Lang
- Emory University, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|