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Swerdlow CD, Koneru JN, Gunderson B, Kroll MW, Ploux S, Ellenbogen KA. Impedance in the Diagnosis of Lead Malfunction. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008092. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.008092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current in an electrical circuit. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices measure impedance to assess the structural integrity electrical performance of leads, typically using subthreshold pulses. We review determinants of impedance, how it is measured, variation in clinically measured pacing and high-voltage impedance and impedance trends as a diagnostic for lead failure and lead-device connection problems. We consider the differential diagnosis of abnormal impedance and the approach to the challenging problem of a single, abnormal impedance measurement. Present impedance provides a specific but insensitive diagnostic. For pacing circuits, we review the complementary roles of impedance and more sensitive oversensing diagnostics. Shock circuits lack a sensitive diagnostic. This deficiency is particularly important for insulation breaches, which may go undetected and present with short circuits during therapeutic shocks. We consider new methods for measuring impedance that may increase sensitivity for insulation breaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Swerdlow
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (C.D.S.)
| | - Jayanthi N. Koneru
- Division of Cardiology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA (J.N.K., K.A.E.)
| | | | | | - Sylvain Ploux
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, France (S.P.)
- Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Cardio-Thoracic Unit, Pessac, France (S.P.)
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A subcutaneous finger cardioverter-defibrillator system removal under local anesthesia. Int J Cardiol 2015; 179:42-5. [PMID: 25464407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stevenson WG, Asirvatham S. Fundamental concepts in electrophysiology in cases and reviews. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:e95-100. [PMID: 24347607 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Stevenson
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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