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Kalkman DN, Couturier EGM, El Bouziani A, Dahdal J, Neefs J, Woudstra J, Vogel B, Trabattoni D, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Mehran R, de Winter RJ, Appelman Y. Migraine and cardiovascular disease: what cardiologists should know. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2815-2828. [PMID: 37345664 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease with a complex, not fully understood pathophysiology with multiple causes. People with migraine suffer from recurrent moderate to severe headache attacks varying from 4 to 72 h. The prevalence of migraine is two to three times higher in women compared with men. Importantly, it is the most disabling disease in women <50 years of age due to a high number of years lived with disability, resulting in a very high global socioeconomic burden. Robust evidence exists on the association between migraine with aura and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular ischaemic stroke. People with migraine with aura have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death compared with those without migraine. Ongoing studies investigate the relation between migraine and angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries and migraine patients with patent foramen ovale. Medication for the treatment of migraine can be preventative medication, such as beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, antiepileptics, antidepressants, some of the long-acting calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists, or monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor, or acute medication, such as triptans and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists. However, these medications might raise concerns when migraine patients also have CVD due to possible (coronary) side effects. Specifically, knowledge gaps remain for the contraindication to newer treatments for migraine. All cardiologists will encounter patients with CVD and migraine. This state-of-the-art review will outline the basic pathophysiology of migraine and the associations between migraine and CVD, discuss current therapies, and propose future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah N Kalkman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile G M Couturier
- Department of Neurology, Boerhaave Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelhak El Bouziani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Dahdal
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Neefs
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Woudstra
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Vogel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Santos PSF, Melhado EM, Kaup AO, Costa ATNMD, Roesler CADP, Piovesan ÉJ, Sarmento EM, Theotonio GOM, Campos HCD, Fortini I, Souza JAD, Júnior JAM, Segundo JBA, Carvalho JJFD, Speziali JG, Calia LC, Barea LM, Queiroz LP, Souza MNP, Figueiredo MRCF, Costa MENDM, Peres MFP, Jurno ME, Peixoto PM, Kowacs PA, Rocha-Filho PAS, Filho PFM, Silva-Neto RP, Fragoso YD. Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: part II. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:953-969. [PMID: 36257618 PMCID: PMC10658446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder. OBJECTIVE The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience. METHODS Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document. The drug classes studied in part II of this Consensus were: antihypertensives, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, other drugs, and rational polytherapy. RESULTS From this list of drugs, only candesartan has been established as effective in controlling episodic migraine. Flunarizine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and pizotifen were defined as likely to be effective, while lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, quetiapine, atorvastatin, simvastatin, cyproheptadine, and melatonin were possibly effective in prophylaxis of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Despite an effort by the scientific community to find really effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, given the large number of drugs tested for this purpose, we still have few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sergio Faro Santos
- Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Departamento de Neurologia, Setor de
Cefaleia e Dor Orofacial, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Meire Melhado
- Centro Universitário Padre Albino, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de
Neurologia, Catanduva SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ottoni Kaup
- Houston Headache Clinic, Houston TX, USA.
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Élcio Juliato Piovesan
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de
Neurologia, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Ida Fortini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia,
São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Jano Alves de Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Disciplina
de Neurologia, Niterói RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jayme Antunes Maciel Júnior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento
de Neurologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | | | - João José Freitas de Carvalho
- Unichristus, Curso de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE,
Brazil.
- Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Serviço de Neurologia, Núcleo de Cefaleias,
Fortaleza CE, Brazil.
| | - José Geraldo Speziali
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Departamento de Neurologia, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Cortoni Calia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo SP,
Brazil.
| | - Liselotte Menke Barea
- Fundação Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Disciplina
de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Paulo Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Hospital Universitário, Serviço de
Neurologia, Florianópolis SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Eduardo Jurno
- Fundação José Bonifácio Lafayette de Andrada, Faculdade de Medicina de
Barbacena, Barbacena MG, Brazil.
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Regional de Barbacena
Dr. José Américo, Barbacena MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro André Kowacs
- Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Serviço de Neurologia, Curitiba PR,
Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de
Neurologia, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área de
Neuropsquiatria, Recife PE, Brazil.
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, Ambulatório de
Cefaleias, Recife PR, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Ferreira Moreira Filho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro,
Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Niterói RJ, Brazil.
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Scutelnic A, Mattle HP, Branca M, Jung S, Reichlin T, Fischer U, Schankin CJ. Migraine and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:910-920. [PMID: 34826198 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with migraine are at increased risk of stroke. The aim was to systematically review the current literature on the association between migraine and atrial fibrillation, which is a relevant risk factor for stroke. METHODS PubMed was searched for 'migraine' AND 'atrial fibrillation' and selected original investigations on the association of migraine and atrial fibrillation for our analysis. Articles without original data, such as guidelines, narrative reviews, editorials and others, were excluded. RESULTS In all, 109 publications were found. Twenty-two were included and analysed for this review. The population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study showed a significant association of migraine with visual aura and incident atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.62, p = 0.02), but not for migraine without aura, compared to non-headache persons after multivariable adjustment for vascular risk factors. An even larger population-based study in Denmark confirmed this association (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.36). Studies investigating patients with ischaemic stroke and migraine are methodologically insufficient and provide contradictory results. Ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with migraine might reduce migraine attacks, but transient post-ablation new-onset migraine-like headaches in persons without a history of migraine have also been reported. CONCLUSION Population-based studies indicate a significant association of migraine with aura and atrial fibrillation. In practical terms, screening for atrial fibrillation in patients who have a long history of migraine might be reasonable, whereas in patients with stroke or other disorders and migraine extensive screening for atrial fibrillation should be performed as in all patients without migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scutelnic
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich P Mattle
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Branca
- Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Schankin
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Liu K, Wang BZ, Hao Y, Song S, Pan M. The Correlation Between Migraine and Patent Foramen Ovale. Front Neurol 2020; 11:543485. [PMID: 33335507 PMCID: PMC7736411 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.543485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a widespread neurological disorder. The patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a remnant of the fetal circulation. Multiple studies suggest that migraine is more prevalent in subjects with PFO and vice versa. It is unclear if there is a causal relationship or simply a co-existence of these two conditions. Furthermore, the treatment of migraine with percutaneous closure PFO remains controversial. Methods: We reviewed studies pertaining to the relationship between PFO and migraine as well as the effects of treatments on migraine attacks. Results: We briefly summarized potential pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine, and elaborated on migraine type, frequency, and clinical symptoms of migraine with PFO and the clinical features of PFO with migraine. We also addressed the effects of PFO closure on migraine attacks. Conclusion: The evidence supports a “dose-response” relationship between migraine and PFO although more work needs to be done in terms of patient selection as well as the inclusion of an antiplatelet control group for PFO closure interventions to uncover possible beneficial results in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Brian Z Wang
- Nanyang Technological University Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, NTU-Imperial Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yishu Hao
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijiang Song
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, China
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Richmond L, Schneider RP, Steffel J, Sandor PS, Tarnutzer AA. Case Report: New-Onset Retinal Migraine After Transseptal Catheterization. Headache 2020; 60:463-468. [PMID: 31889309 DOI: 10.1111/head.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While new-onset migraine headaches and binocular visual aura have been reported after transseptal catheterization (TSC), this case suggests that retinal aura may emerge also after this procedure. CASE DESCRIPTION This 38-year-old male with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had received TSC and cryoablation, and subsequently developed isolated monocular aura phenomena. The first episode happened a few hours after the intervention and was not accompanied by headache or other aura phenomena. The patient's history was negative for migraine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 2 lacunar diffusion restrictions in the left medial cerebral artery territory that were most likely catheterization related. Over the next 14 days, 3 additional, stereotyped episodes (duration = 20-30 minutes) with zigzag lines and flickering small bright dots in the central visual field of one eye (moving laterally) occurred. A central scotoma was noted during one episode. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case with retinal aura phenomena meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine, suggesting that this rare migraine variant can be triggered by TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan Steffel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter S Sandor
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, RehaClinic, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Tarnutzer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurology, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
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Kato Y, Hayashi T, Kato R, Takao M. Migraine-like Headache after Transseptal Puncture for Catheter Ablation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Intern Med 2019; 58:2393-2395. [PMID: 30996181 PMCID: PMC6746642 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2519-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation creates an iatrogenic atrial septal defect by transseptal puncture, which may produce a transient right-to-left shunt. We encountered a 44-year-old man who presented with de novo migraine-like headache after cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation. On reviewing the literature, we found additional cases in which migraine-like headache occurred within one week after the procedure and spontaneously within three months. We should recognize migraine-like headache as a potential complication of catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kato
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan
| | - Ritsushi Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan
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Nadha A, Williams ES. New migraine with visual disturbance after cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 10:1646. [PMID: 29250242 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 58-year-old woman who developed a headache and visual disturbances after a cryoballoon ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation at our institution. She presented to the emergency department four days post ablation and was admitted the hospital for overnight observation. Serial neurological examinations and neuroimaging were unremarkable for stroke or transient ischemic attack. The patient had some brief transient visual changes which resolved completely after several days, with no further clinical sequelae. She followed up in the outpatient neuro-ophthalmology clinic and had a normal visual field examination. She was given a diagnosis of new onset migraine with visual aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annupreet Nadha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Swedish Heart & Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 550 17th Avenue, Suite 450; Seattle, WA, USA 98122
| | - Eric S Williams
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Swedish Heart & Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 550 17th Avenue, Suite 450; Seattle, WA, USA 98122
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Buture A, Khalil M, Ahmed F. Iatrogenic visual aura: a case report and a brief review of the literature. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:643-646. [PMID: 28553121 PMCID: PMC5440068 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s134178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic migraine aura following transseptal catheterization has only rarely been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with new onset of migraine with visual aura 1 day after transseptal cryoballoon catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. The patient had a 5-year history of typical migraine without aura and had never experienced visual aura before the cardiac intervention. The neurological examination, fundoscopy, and blood tests were normal. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed small vessel ischemia without evidence of vessel ischemic changes in the occipital lobes and large blood vessel disease. A change in the characteristics of existing migraine could occur following an iatrogenic episode, which in this case was catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. A new onset of aura is considered an indication for a brain scan as it may signify underlying new pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Buture
- Neurology Department, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Modar Khalil
- Neurology Department, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Fayyaz Ahmed
- Neurology Department, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
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Snijder RJR, Luermans JGLM, de Heij AH, Thijs V, Schonewille WJ, Van De Bruaene A, Swaans MJ, Budts WIHL, Post MC. Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003771. [PMID: 27930349 PMCID: PMC5210450 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has been identified as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Patients with migraine with aura (MA) appear to be at risk for silent brain infarction, which might be related to the presence of a PFO. However, the association between MA and PFO with ASA has never been reported. We examined this association in a large observational study. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (>18 years) who underwent an agitated saline transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) at our outpatient clinics within a timeframe of 4 years were eligible to be included. Before cTEE they received a validated headache questionnaire. Two neurologists diagnosed migraine with or without aura according to the International Headache Criteria. A total of 889 patients (mean age 56.4±14.3 years, 41.7% women) were included. A PFO was present in 23.2%, an isolated ASA in 2.7%, and a PFO with ASA in 6.9%. The occurrence of migraine was 18.9%; the occurrence of MA was 8.1%. The prevalence of PFO with ASA was significantly higher in patients with MA compared to patients without migraine (18.1% vs 6.1%; OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.86-7.44, P<0.001). However, a PFO without ASA was not significantly associated with MA (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.79-2.82, P=0.21). Interestingly, a PFO with ASA was strongly associated with MA (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.23-5.95, P=0.01). CONCLUSION In this large observational study, PFO with ASA was significantly associated with MA only. PFO closure studies should focus on this specific intra-atrial anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel J R Snijder
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Justin G L M Luermans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert H de Heij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Martin J Swaans
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Werner I H L Budts
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn C Post
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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Atrial fibrillation: Migraine improvement after AF ablation. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:195. [PMID: 25732359 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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