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Lee JH, Seo HW, Ryu JY, Lim CJ, Yi KY, Oh KS, Lee BH. KR-39038, a Novel GRK5 Inhibitor, Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Improves Cardiac Function in Heart Failure. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:482-489. [PMID: 32856617 PMCID: PMC7457178 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) has been considered as a potential target for the treatment of heart failure as it has been reported to be an important regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. To discover novel scaffolds that selectively inhibit GRK5, we have identified a novel small molecule inhibitor of GRK5, KR-39038 [7-((3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-fluoroquinazolin-4(3H)-one]. KR-39038 exhibited potent inhibitory activity (IC50 value=0.02 µM) against GRK5 and significantly inhibited angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy and HDAC5 phosphorylation in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In the pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model, the daily oral administration of KR-39038 (30 mg/kg) for 14 days showed a 43% reduction in the left ventricular weight. Besides, KR-39038 treatment (10 and 30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) showed significant preservation of cardiac function and attenuation of myocardial remodeling in a rat model of chronic heart failure following coronary artery ligation. These results suggest that potent GRK5 inhibitor could effectively attenuate both cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in experimental heart failure, and KR-39038 may be useful as an effective GRK5 inhibitor for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Seo
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Ryu
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Jo Lim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yang Yi
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Lieu M, Koch WJ. GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets and their role in maladaptive and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:201-214. [PMID: 30701991 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1575363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in every four deaths in the United States is attributed to cardiovascular disease, hence the development and employment of novel and effective therapeutics are necessary to improve the quality of life and survival of affected patient. Pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive response by the heart to relieve wall stress that could result from cardiovascular disease. Maladaptive hypertrophy can lead to further disease progression and complications such as heart failure; hence, efforts to target hypertrophy to prevent and treat further morbidity and mortality are necessary. Areas covered: This review summarizes the compelling literature that describes the mechanistic role of GRK2 and GRK5 in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy; it examines the approaches to inhibit these kinases in hypertrophic animal models and furthermore, it assesses the potential of GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets for hypertrophy. Expert opinion: GRK2 and GRK5 are novel therapeutic targets for pathological hypertrophy and may have added benefits of ameliorating morbidity and mortality. Despite the lesser researched role of GRK2 in cardiac hypertrophy, it may be the advantageous strategy for treating cardiac hypertrophy because of its role in other maladaptive pathways. Anti-GRK2 therapy optimization and the discovery and development of specific GRK2 and GRK5 small-molecule inhibitors is necessary for the eventual application of successful, effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lieu
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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The Amino-Terminal Domain of GRK5 Inhibits Cardiac Hypertrophy through the Regulation of Calcium-Calmodulin Dependent Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030861. [PMID: 29543709 PMCID: PMC5877722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the amino-terminal domain of G protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK) type 5, (GRK5-NT) inhibits NFκB activity in cardiac cells leading to a significant amelioration of LVH. Since GRK5-NT is known to bind calmodulin, this study aimed to evaluate the functional role of GRK5-NT in the regulation of calcium-calmodulin-dependent transcription factors. We found that the overexpression of GRK5-NT in cardiomyoblasts significantly reduced the activation and the nuclear translocation of NFAT and its cofactor GATA-4 in response to phenylephrine (PE). These results were confirmed in vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in which intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GRK5-NT reduced both wall thickness and ventricular mass by modulating NFAT and GATA-4 activity. To further verify in vitro the contribution of calmodulin in linking GRK5-NT to the NFAT/GATA-4 pathway, we examined the effects of a mutant of GRK5 (GRK5-NTPB), which is not able to bind calmodulin. When compared to GRK5-NT, GRK5-NTPB did not modify PE-induced NFAT and GATA-4 activation. In conclusion, this study identifies a double effect of GRK5-NT in the inhibition of LVH that is based on the regulation of multiple transcription factors through means of different mechanisms and proposes the amino-terminal sequence of GRK5 as a useful prototype for therapeutic purposes.
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Hong KU, Moore JB. Recent advances in cardiac myocyte biology and function. Circ Res 2013; 113:e121-4. [PMID: 24311621 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U Hong
- From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology (K.U.H., J.B.M.) and Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center (K.U.H.), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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