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Maldonado M, Chen J, Duan H, Zhou S, Yang L, Raja MA, Huang T, Jiang G, Zhong Y. Effects of caloric overload before caloric restriction in the murine heart. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2695-2719. [PMID: 35347086 PMCID: PMC9004582 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) against cardiac aging and for prevention of cardiovascular diseases are numerous. However, to our knowledge, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR in whole heart tissue (WHT) in experimental murine models. In the current study, CR-treated mice with different alimentary backgrounds were subjected to transthoracic echocardiographic measurements. WHT was then analyzed to determine cardiac energetics, telomerase activity, the expression of energy-sensing networks, tissue-specific adiponectin, and cardiac precursor/cardiac stem cell markers. Animals with a balanced diet consumption before CR presented marked cardiac remodeling with improved ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), enhanced OXPHOS complex I, III, and IV, and CKMT2 enzymatic activity. Mice fed an HCD before CR presented moderate changes in cardiac geometry with diminished EF and FS values, but improved OXPHOS complex IV and CKMT2 activity. Differences in cardiac remodeling, left ventricular systolic/diastolic performance, and mitochondrial energetics, found in the CR-treated mice with contrasting alimentary backgrounds, were corroborated by inconsistencies in the expression of mitochondrial-biogenesis-related markers and associated regulatory networks. In particular, disruption of eNOS and AMPK -PGC-1α-mTOR-related axes. The impact of a past habit of caloric overload on the effects of CR in the WHT is a scarcely explored subject that requires deeper study in combination with analyses of other tissues and organs at higher levels of organization within the organ system. Such research will eventually lead to the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Huiqin Duan
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lujun Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raja
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Gu Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
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2
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Dual recombinases-based genetic lineage tracing for stem cell research with enhanced precision. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2060-2072. [PMID: 33847909 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has become a hot topic in biology, as the understanding of stem cell biology can provide new insights for both regenerative medicine and clinical treatment of diseases. Accurately deciphering the fate of stem cells is the basis for understanding the mechanism and function of stem cells during tissue repair and regeneration. Cre-loxP-mediated recombination has been widely applied in fate mapping of stem cells for many years. However, nonspecific labeling by conventional cell lineage tracing strategies has led to discrepancies or even controversies in multiple fields. Recently, dual recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies have been developed to improve both the resolution and precision of stem cell fate mapping. These new genetic strategies also expand the application of lineage tracing in studying cell origin and fate. Here, we review cell lineage tracing methods, especially dual genetic approaches, and then provide examples to describe how they are used to study stem cell fate plasticity and function in vivo.
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3
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Duddu S, Chakrabarti R, Ghosh A, Shukla PC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcription Factors in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Genet 2020; 11:588602. [PMID: 33193725 PMCID: PMC7596349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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4
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Chen K, Huang Y, Singh R, Wang ZZ. Arrhythmogenic risks of stem cell replacement therapy for cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6257-6267. [PMID: 31994198 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure are major contributors to high morbidity and mortality. Approximately 1.5 million cases of myocardial infarction occur annually in the United States; the yearly incidence rate is approximately 600 cases per 100,000 people. Although significant progress to improve the survival rate has been made by medications and implantable medical devices, damaged cardiomyocytes are unable to be recovered by current treatment strategies. After almost two decades of research, stem cell therapy has become a very promising approach to generate new cardiomyocytes and enhance the function of the heart. Along with clinical trials with stem cells conducted in cardiac regeneration, concerns regarding safety and potential risks have emerged. One of the contentious issues is the electrical dysfunctions of cardiomyocytes and cardiac arrhythmia after stem cell therapy. In this review, we focus on the cell sources currently used for stem cell therapy and discuss related arrhythmogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Radhika Singh
- Center for Biotechnology Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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5
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Zhao H, Zhou B. Dual genetic approaches for deciphering cell fate plasticity in vivo: more than double. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac regenerative therapy: Many paths to repair. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:338-343. [PMID: 31515053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death in the United States and in most nations worldwide, despite ongoing intensive efforts to promote cardiac health and treat heart failure. Replacing damaged myocardium represents perhaps the most promising treatment strategy, but also the most challenging given that the adult mammalian heart is notoriously resistant to endogenous repair. Cardiac regeneration following pathologic challenge would require proliferation of surviving tissue, expansion and differentiation of resident progenitors, or transdifferentiation of exogenously applied progenitor cells into functioning myocardium. Adult cardiomyocyte proliferation has been the focus of investigation for decades, recently enjoying a renaissance of interest as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cardiomyocyte loss due in large part to ongoing controversies and frustrations with myocardial cell therapy outcomes. The promise of cardiac cell therapy originated with reports of resident adult cardiac stem cells that could be isolated, expanded and reintroduced into damaged myocardium, producing beneficial effects in preclinical animal models. Despite modest functional improvements, Phase I clinical trials using autologous cardiac derived cells have proven safe and effective, setting the stage for an ongoing multi-center Phase II trial combining autologous cardiac stem cell types to enhance beneficial effects. This overview will examine the history of these two approaches for promoting cardiac repair and attempt to provide context for current and future directions in cardiac regenerative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Unraveling the fates of resident stem cells during tissue regeneration is an important objective in clinical and basic research. Genetic lineage tracing based on Cre-loxP recombination provides an effective strategy for inferring cell fate and cell conversion in vivo. However, the determination of the exact fates of resident stem cells or their derivatives in disease states and during tissue regeneration remains controversial in many fields of study, partly because of technical limitations associated with Cre-based lineage tracing, such as, for example, off-target labeling. Recently, we generated a new lineage-tracing platform we named DeaLT (dual-recombinase-activated lineage tracing) that uses the Dre-rox recombination system to enhance the precision of Cre-mediated lineage tracing. Here, we describe as an example a detailed protocol using DeaLT to trace the fate of c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells and their derivatives, in the absence of any interference from nontarget cells such as cardiomyocytes, during organ homeostasis and after tissue injury. This lineage-tracing protocol can also be used to delineate the fate of resident stem cells of other organ systems, and takes ~10 months to complete, from mouse crossing to final tissue analysis.
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8
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Torán JL, López JA, Gomes-Alves P, Aguilar S, Torroja C, Trevisan-Herraz M, Moscoso I, Sebastião MJ, Serra M, Brito C, Cruz FM, Sepúlveda JC, Abad JL, Galán-Arriola C, Ibanez B, Martínez F, Fernández ME, Fernández-Aviles F, Palacios I, R-Borlado L, Vázquez J, Alves PM, Bernad A. Definition of a cell surface signature for human cardiac progenitor cells after comprehensive comparative transcriptomic and proteomic characterization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4647. [PMID: 30874584 PMCID: PMC6420620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac progenitor/stem cells (CPC/CSC) are multipotent resident populations involved in cardiac homeostasis and heart repair. Assisted by complementary RNAseq analysis, we defined the fraction of the CPC proteome associable with specific functions by comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the reference population for cell therapy, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), as a distant reference. Label-free proteomic analysis identified 526 proteins expressed differentially in CPC. iTRAQ analysis confirmed differential expression of a substantial proportion of those proteins in CPC relative to MSC, and systems biology analysis defined a clear overrepresentation of several categories related to enhanced angiogenic potential. The CPC plasma membrane compartment comprised 1,595 proteins, including a minimal signature of 167 proteins preferentially or exclusively expressed by CPC. CDH5 (VE-cadherin), OX2G (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein; CD200), GPR4 (G protein-coupled receptor 4), CACNG7 (calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 7) and F11R (F11 receptor; junctional adhesion molecule A; JAM-A; CD321) were selected for validation. Their differential expression was confirmed both in expanded CPC batches and in early stages of isolation, particularly when compared against cardiac fibroblasts. Among them, GPR4 demonstrated the highest discrimination capacity between all cell lineages analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Torán
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moscoso
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIMUS, Avda Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria João Sebastião
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Cruz
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sepúlveda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Abad
- Coretherapix S.L. U. Santiago Grisolia 2, 28769, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Aviles
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Palacios
- Coretherapix S.L. U. Santiago Grisolia 2, 28769, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R-Borlado
- Coretherapix S.L. U. Santiago Grisolia 2, 28769, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Li Y, He L, Huang X, Bhaloo SI, Zhao H, Zhang S, Pu W, Tian X, Li Y, Liu Q, Yu W, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu K, Tang J, Zhang H, Cai D, Ralf AH, Xu Q, Lui KO, Zhou B. Genetic Lineage Tracing of Nonmyocyte Population by Dual Recombinases. Circulation 2018; 138:793-805. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Whether the adult mammalian heart harbors cardiac stem cells for regeneration of cardiomyocytes is an important yet contentious topic in the field of cardiovascular regeneration. The putative myocyte stem cell populations recognized without specific cell markers, such as the cardiosphere-derived cells, or with markers such as Sca1
+
, Bmi1
+
, Isl1
+
, or Abcg2
+
cardiac stem cells have been reported. Moreover, it remains unclear whether putative cardiac stem cells with unknown or unidentified markers exist and give rise to de novo cardiomyocytes in the adult heart.
Methods:
To address this question without relying on a particular stem cell marker, we developed a new genetic lineage tracing system to label all nonmyocyte populations that contain putative cardiac stem cells. Using dual lineage tracing system, we assessed whether nonmyocytes generated any new myocytes during embryonic development, during adult homeostasis, and after myocardial infarction. Skeletal muscle was also examined after injury for internal control of new myocyte generation from nonmyocytes.
Results:
By this stem cell marker–free and dual recombinases–mediated cell tracking approach, our fate mapping data show that new myocytes arise from nonmyocytes in the embryonic heart, but not in the adult heart during homeostasis or after myocardial infarction. As positive control, our lineage tracing system detected new myocytes derived from nonmyocytes in the skeletal muscle after injury.
Conclusions:
This study provides in vivo genetic evidence for nonmyocyte to myocyte conversion in embryonic but not adult heart, arguing again the myogenic potential of putative stem cell populations for cardiac regeneration in the adult stage. This study also provides a new genetic strategy to identify endogenous stem cells, if any, in other organ systems for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (S.I.B. Q.X.)
| | - Huan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xueying Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Wei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Libo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Kuo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
| | - Adams H. Ralf
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany (A.H.R.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (S.I.B. Q.X.)
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
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10
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Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1247857. [PMID: 30034478 PMCID: PMC6035836 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1247857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development in mammals is followed by a postnatal decline in cell proliferation and cell renewal from stem cell populations. A better understanding of the developmental changes in cardiac microenvironments occurring during heart maturation will be informative regarding the loss of adult regenerative potential. We reevaluate the adult heart's mitotic potential and the reported adult cardiac stem cell populations, as these are two topics of ongoing debate. The heart's early capacity for cell proliferation driven by progenitors and reciprocal signalling is demonstrated throughout development. The mature heart architecture and environment may be more restrictive on niches that can host progenitor cells. The engraftment issues observed in cardiac stem cell therapy trials using exogenous stem cells may indicate a lack of supporting stem cell niches, while tissue injury adds to a hostile microenvironment for transplanted cells. Engraftment may be improved by preconditioning the cultured stem cells and modulating the microenvironment to host these cells. These prospective areas of further research would benefit from a better understanding of cardiac progenitor interactions with their microenvironment throughout development and may lead to enhanced cardiac niche support for stem cell therapy engraftment.
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11
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12
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Enhancing the precision of genetic lineage tracing using dual recombinases. Nat Med 2017; 23:1488-1498. [PMID: 29131159 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP recombination system is the most widely used technology for in vivo tracing of stem or progenitor cell lineages. The precision of this genetic system largely depends on the specificity of Cre recombinase expression in targeted stem or progenitor cells. However, Cre expression in nontargeted cell types can complicate the interpretation of lineage-tracing studies and has caused controversy in many previous studies. Here we describe a new genetic lineage tracing system that incorporates the Dre-rox recombination system to enhance the precision of conventional Cre-loxP-mediated lineage tracing. The Dre-rox system permits rigorous control of Cre-loxP recombination in lineage tracing, effectively circumventing potential uncertainty of the cell-type specificity of Cre expression. Using this new system we investigated two topics of recent debates-the contribution of c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells to cardiomyocytes in the heart and the contribution of Sox9+ hepatic progenitor cells to hepatocytes in the liver. By overcoming the technical hurdle of nonspecific Cre-loxP-mediated recombination, this new technology provides more precise analysis of cell lineage and fate decisions and facilitates the in vivo study of stem and progenitor cell plasticity in disease and regeneration.
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13
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Cai CL, Molkentin JD. The Elusive Progenitor Cell in Cardiac Regeneration: Slip Slidin' Away. Circ Res 2017; 120:400-406. [PMID: 28104772 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart is unable to regenerate after various forms of injury, suggesting that this organ lacks a biologically meaningful endogenous stem cell pool. However, injecting the infarcted area of the adult mammalian heart with exogenously prepared progenitor cells of various types has been reported to create new myocardium by the direct conversion of these progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes. These reports remain controversial because follow-up studies from independent laboratories failed to observe such an effect. Also, the exact nature of various putative myocyte-producing progenitor cells remains elusive and undefined across laboratories. By comparison, the field has gradually worked toward a consensus viewpoint that proposes that the adult mammalian myocardium can undergo a low level of new cardiomyocyte renewal of ≈1% per year, which is primarily because of proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes but not from the differentiation of putative progenitor cells. This review will weigh the emerging evidence, suggesting that the adult mammalian heart lacks a definable myocyte-generating progenitor cell of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Leng Cai
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.-L.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, OH (J.D.M.).
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.-L.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, OH (J.D.M.).
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14
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van Berlo JH, Molkentin JD. Most of the Dust Has Settled: cKit+ Progenitor Cells Are an Irrelevant Source of Cardiac Myocytes In Vivo. Circ Res 2016; 118:17-9. [PMID: 26837741 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (J.H.v.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH (J.D.M.).
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (J.H.v.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH (J.D.M.).
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the cardiac stem cell field with an emphasis on aging and to suggest some relevant strategies directed toward rejuvenation of the senescent heart. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells were long considered as a fountain of youth and were assumed to be equipped against any form of aging effect. However, it is now clear that stem cells suffer the consequences of aging as well. With the discovery that cardiac stem cells reside in the heart comes the question whether these cells are also impaired upon aging. As cardiac stem cell properties are also altered with age, autologous stem cell-based therapy to treat heart failure will benefit from new improved strategies. SUMMARY With the goal to improve stem cell properties that are impaired upon aging, some strategies are highlighted. Genetic modification of adult human cardiac progenitor cells prior to autologous stem cell-based therapy, delivery of the next generation of stem cells such as CardioChimeras and CardioClusters, and improvement of the myocardial environment with rejuvenating factors constitute some of the possibilities and are discussed in more detail in this review.
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16
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Genetic lineage tracing identifies in situ Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes. Cell Res 2015; 26:119-30. [PMID: 26634606 PMCID: PMC4816131 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cells marked by c-Kit or Kit, dubbed cardiac stem cells (CSCs), are in clinical trials to investigate their ability to stimulate cardiac regeneration and repair. These studies were initially motivated by the purported cardiogenic activity of these cells. Recent lineage tracing studies using Kit promoter to drive expression of the inducible Cre recombinase showed that these CSCs had highly limited cardiogenic activity, inadequate to support efficient cardiac repair. Here we reassess the lineage tracing data by investigating the identity of cells immediately after Cre labeling. Our instant lineage tracing approach identifies Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes, which are labeled immediately after tamoxifen induction. In combination with long-term lineage tracing experiments, these data reveal that the large majority of long-term labeled cardiomyocytes are pre-existing Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes rather than cardiomyocytes formed de novo from CSCs. This study presents a new interpretation for the contribution of Kit+ cells to cardiomyocytes and shows that Kit genetic lineage tracing over-estimates the cardiogenic activity of Kit+ CSCs.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Dassanayaka
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Steven P Jones
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, KY.
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18
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Sultana N, Zhang L, Yan J, Chen J, Cai W, Razzaque S, Jeong D, Sheng W, Bu L, Xu M, Huang GY, Hajjar RJ, Zhou B, Moon A, Cai CL. Resident c-kit(+) cells in the heart are not cardiac stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8701. [PMID: 26515110 PMCID: PMC4846318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a bona fide population of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is a critical step for developing cell-based therapies for heart failure patients. Previously, cardiac c-kit+ cells were reported to be CSCs with a potential to become myocardial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro and after cardiac injury. Here we provide further insights into the nature of cardiac c-kit+ cells. By targeting the c-kit locus with multiple reporter genes in mice, we find that c-kit expression rarely co-localizes with the expression of the cardiac progenitor and myogenic marker Nkx2.5, or that of the myocardial marker, cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Instead, c-kit predominantly labels a cardiac endothelial cell population in developing and adult hearts. After acute cardiac injury, c-kit+ cells retain their endothelial identity and do not become myogenic progenitors or cardiomyocytes. Thus, our work strongly suggests that c-kit+ cells in the murine heart are endothelial cells and not CSCs. The issue whether the cell surface protein c-kit identifies resident cardiac stem cells (CSC) is controversial. By using novel reporter mouse models, Sultana et al. show that c-kit+ cells represent a subpopulation of endothelial cells in the developing and adult heart and do not exhibit CSC traits in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Sultana
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jiqiu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Shegufta Razzaque
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Guo-Ying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Anne Moon
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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19
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The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:37-52. [PMID: 25912658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs, able to post-transcriptionally regulate many genes and exert pleiotropic effects. Alteration of miR levels in tissues and in the circulation has been associated with various pathological and regenerative conditions. In this regard, tissue engineering of cardiac and skeletal muscles is a fascinating context for harnessing the complexity of miR-based circuitries and signals. In this review, we will focus on miR-driven regulation of cardiac and skeletal myogenic routes in homeostatic and challenging states. Furthermore, we will survey the intriguing perspective of exosomal and circulating miRs as novel paracrine players, potentially useful for current and future approaches of regenerative medicine for the striated muscles.
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20
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Cutts J, Nikkhah M, Brafman DA. Biomaterial Approaches for Stem Cell-Based Myocardial Tissue Engineering. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:77-90. [PMID: 26052226 PMCID: PMC4451817 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and pluripotent stem cells represent a ready supply of cellular raw materials that can be used to generate the functionally mature cells needed to replace damaged or diseased heart tissue. However, the use of stem cells for cardiac regenerative therapies is limited by the low efficiency by which stem cells are differentiated in vitro to cardiac lineages as well as the inability to effectively deliver stem cells and their derivatives to regions of damaged myocardium. In this review, we discuss the various biomaterial-based approaches that are being implemented to direct stem cell fate both in vitro and in vivo. First, we discuss the stem cell types available for cardiac repair and the engineering of naturally and synthetically derived biomaterials to direct their in vitro differentiation to the cell types that comprise heart tissue. Next, we describe biomaterial-based approaches that are being implemented to enhance the in vivo integration and differentiation of stem cells delivered to areas of cardiac damage. Finally, we present emerging trends of using stem cell-based biomaterial approaches to deliver pro-survival factors and fully vascularized tissue to the damaged and diseased cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Cutts
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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21
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Germani A, Foglio E, Capogrossi MC, Russo MA, Limana F. Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:735-48. [PMID: 25943780 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that drives the formation of cells involved both in tissue repair and in pathological conditions, including tissue fibrosis and tumor metastasis by providing cancer cells with stem cell properties. Recent findings suggest that EMT is reactivated in the heart following ischemic injury. Specifically, epicardial EMT might be involved in the formation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that can differentiate into endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and, possibly, cardiomyocytes. The identification of mechanisms and signaling pathways governing EMT-derived CPC generation and differentiation may contribute to the development of a more efficient regenerative approach for adult heart repair. Here, we summarize key literature in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Germani
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Nigro P, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Zanobini M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G. c-kit(+) cells: the tell-tale heart of cardiac regeneration? Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1725-40. [PMID: 25575564 PMCID: PMC11113938 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Although ongoing therapeutic strategies ameliorate symptoms and prolong life for patients with cardiovascular diseases, they do not solve the critical issue related to the loss of cardiac tissue. Accordingly, stem/progenitor cell therapy has emerged as a paramount approach for cardiac repair and regeneration. In this regard, c-kit(+) cells have animated much interest and controversy. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and display a noteworthy potential to differentiate into all cardiovascular lineages. However, their functional contribution to cardiomyocyte turnover is one of the centrally debated issues concerning their regenerative potential. Regardless, plentiful preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted which provide evidence for the capacity of c-kit(+) cells to improve cardiac function. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive, impartial, critical description and evaluation of the literature on c-kit(+) cells from bench to bedside in order to address their true potential, benefits and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nigro
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy,
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23
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Cardiac aging - Getting to the stem of the problem. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:32-6. [PMID: 25886698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a heterogeneous process caused by a combination of stochastic events which manifests as loss of structure and function in the heart, however several recent studies draw attention to aging being primarily a stem cell problem. This review summarizes findings in support of the "stem cell hypothesis of aging" and discusses the impact of age on cardiac stem cells and the niche. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CV Aging'.
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24
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Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D. Response to Molkentin’s Letter to The Editor Regarding Article, “The Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence: The Pitfalls of Cre Knock-Ins in the c-kit Locus”. Circ Res 2014; 115:e38-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Center of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina M. Ellison
- Center of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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