1
|
Potter R, Ayala M, Tilevik A. Identification of biomarker candidates for exfoliative glaucoma from autoimmunity profiling. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38287276 PMCID: PMC10826272 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) is a subtype of open-angle glaucoma characterized by distinctive extracellular fibrils and a yet unknown pathogenesis potentially involving immune-related factors. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify biomarkers for XFG using data from autoimmunity profiling performed on blood samples from a Scandinavian cohort of patients. METHODS Autoantibody screening was analyzed against 258 different protein fragments in blood samples taken from 30 patients diagnosed with XFG and 30 healthy donors. The 258 protein fragments were selected based on a preliminary study performed on 3072 randomly selected antigens and antigens associated with the eye. The "limma" package was used to perform moderated t-tests on the proteomic data to identify differentially expressed reactivity between the groups. RESULTS Multiple associated genes were highlighted as possible biomarker candidates including FUT2, CDH5, and the LOX family genes. Using seven variables, our binary logistic regression model was able to classify the cases from the controls with an AUC of 0.85, and our reduced model using only one variable corresponding to the FUT2 gene provided an AUC of 0.75, based on LOOCV. Furthermore, over-representation gene analysis was performed to identify pathways that were associated with antigens differentially bound to self-antibodies. This highlighted the enrichment of pathways related to collagen fibril formation and the regulatory molecules mir-3176 and mir-876-5p. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests several potential biomarkers that may be useful in developing further models of the pathology of XFG. In particular, CDH5, FUT2, and the LOX family seem to have a relationship which merits additional exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Potter
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcelo Ayala
- Skaraborgs Sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tilevik
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan J, Liu X, Nie M, Chen Y, Liu M, Huang J, Jiang W, Gao C, Quan W, Gong Z, Xiang T, Zhang X, Sha Z, Wu C, Wang D, Li S, Zhang J, Jiang R. Inactivation of ERK1/2 signaling mediates dysfunction of basal meningeal lymphatic vessels in experimental subdural hematoma. Theranostics 2024; 14:304-323. [PMID: 38164141 PMCID: PMC10750213 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are essential for the clearance of subdural hematoma (SDH). However, SDH impairs their drainage function, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to understand the pathological mechanisms of MLV dysfunction following SDH and to test whether atorvastatin, an effective drug for SDH clearance, improves meningeal lymphatic drainage (MLD). Methods: We induced SDH models in rats by injecting autologous blood into the subdural space and evaluated MLD using Gadopentetate D, Evans blue, and CFSE-labeled erythrocytes. Whole-mount immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to detect the morphology of MLVs. Phosphoproteomics, western blot, flow cytometry, and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunctional MLVs. Results: The basal MLVs were detected to have abundant valves and play an important role in draining subdural substances. Following SDH, these basal MLVs exhibited disrupted endothelial junctions and dilated lumen, leading to impaired MLD. Subsequent proteomics analysis of the meninges detected numerous dephosphorylated proteins, primarily enriched in the adherens junction, including significant dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 within the meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Subdural injection of the ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 resulted in dilated basal MLVs and impaired MLD, resembling the dysfunctional MLVs observed in SDH. Moreover, inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling severely disrupted intercellular junctions between cultured LECs. Finally, atorvastatin was revealed to protect the structure of basal MLVs and accelerate MLD following SDH. However, these beneficial effects of atorvastatin were abolished when combined with PD98059. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that SDH induces ERK1/2 dephosphorylation in meningeal LECs, leading to disrupted basal MLVs and impaired MLD. Additionally, we reveal a beneficial effect of atorvastatin in improving MLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tangtang Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhuang Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan F, Su B, Kolodychak A, Ekwueme E, Alderfer L, Saha S, Webber MJ, Hanjaya-Putra D. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Phototunable Supramolecular Cross-Linking for Spatially Controlled Lymphatic Tube Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58181-58195. [PMID: 38065571 PMCID: PMC10739586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influences stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis into complex lymphatic networks. While dynamic hydrogels with stress relaxation properties have been developed, many require detailed chemical processing to tune viscoelasticity, offering a limited opportunity for in situ and spatiotemporal control. Here, a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is reported with viscoelasticity that is controlled and spatially tunable using UV light to direct the extent of supramolecular and covalent cross-linking interactions. This is achieved using UV-mediated photodimerization of a supramolecular ternary complex of pendant trans-Brooker's Merocyanine (BM) guests and a cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) macrocycle. The UV-mediated conversion of this supramolecular complex to its covalent photodimerized form is catalyzed by CB[8], offering a user-directed route to spatially control hydrogel dynamics in combination with orthogonal photopatterning by UV irradiation through photomasks. This material thus achieves spatial heterogeneity of substrate dynamics, recreating features of native ECM without the need for additional chemical reagents. Moreover, these dynamic hydrogels afford spatial control of substrate mechanics to direct human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to form lymphatic cord-like structures (CLS). Specifically, cells cultured on viscoelastic supramolecular hydrogels have enhanced formation of CLS, arising from increased expression of key lymphatic markers, such as LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and Prox1, compared to static elastic hydrogels prepared from fully covalent cross-linking. Viscoelastic hydrogels promote lymphatic CLS formation through the expression of Nrp2, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 to enhance the VEGF-C stimulation. Overall, viscoelastic supramolecular hydrogels offer a facile route to spatially control lymphatic CLS formation, providing a tool for future studies of basic lymphatic biology and tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bo Su
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alexander Kolodychak
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ephraim Ekwueme
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Laura Alderfer
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sanjoy Saha
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu Y, Pan Y, Chang B, Zhao X, Qu K, Song Y. Silica nanoparticles induce pulmonary damage in rats via VEGFC/D-VEGFR3 signaling-mediated lymphangiogenesis and remodeling. Toxicology 2023:153552. [PMID: 37244296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used as drug carriers for improving drug delivery and retention. The lungs are highly sensitive to the toxicity of SiNPs entering the respiratory tract. Furthermore, pulmonary lymphangiogenesis, which is the growth of lymphatic vessels observed during multiple pulmonary diseases, plays a vital role in promoting the lymphatic transport of silica in the lungs. However, more research is required on the effects of SiNPs on pulmonary lymphangiogenesis. We investigated the effect of SiNP-induced pulmonary toxicity on lymphatic vessel formation in rats and evaluated the toxicity and possible molecular mechanisms of 20-nm SiNPs. Saline containing 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0mg/kg of SiNPs was instilled intrathecally into female Wistar rats once a day for five days, then sacrificed on day seven. Lung histopathology, pulmonary permeability, pulmonary lymphatic vessel density changes, and the ultrastructure of the lymph trunk were investigated using light microscopy, spectrophotometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. CD45 expression in lung tissues was determined using immunohistochemical staining, and protein expression in the lung and lymph trunk was quantified using western blotting. We observed increased pulmonary inflammation and permeability, lymphatic endothelial cell damage, pulmonary lymphangiogenesis, and remodeling with increasing SiNP concentration. Moreover, SiNPs activated the VEGFC/D-VEGFR3 signaling pathway in the lung and lymphatic vessel tissues. SiNPs caused pulmonary damage, increased permeability and resulted in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and remodeling by activating VEGFC/D-VEGFR3 signaling. Our findings provide evidence for SiNP-induced pulmonary damage and a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of occupational exposure to SiNPs. DATA AVAILABILITY: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bing Chang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Kunlong Qu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuguo Song
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meçe O, Houbaert D, Sassano ML, Durré T, Maes H, Schaaf M, More S, Ganne M, García-Caballero M, Borri M, Verhoeven J, Agrawal M, Jacobs K, Bergers G, Blacher S, Ghesquière B, Dewerchin M, Swinnen JV, Vinckier S, Soengas MS, Carmeliet P, Noël A, Agostinis P. Lipid droplet degradation by autophagy connects mitochondria metabolism to Prox1-driven expression of lymphatic genes and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2760. [PMID: 35589749 PMCID: PMC9120506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has vasculoprotective roles, but whether and how it regulates lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) homeostasis and lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that genetic deficiency of autophagy in LEC impairs responses to VEGF-C and injury-driven corneal lymphangiogenesis. Autophagy loss in LEC compromises the expression of main effectors of LEC identity, like VEGFR3, affects mitochondrial dynamics and causes an accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in vitro and in vivo. When lipophagy is impaired, mitochondrial ATP production, fatty acid oxidation, acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio and expression of lymphangiogenic PROX1 target genes are dwindled. Enforcing mitochondria fusion by silencing dynamin-related-protein 1 (DRP1) in autophagy-deficient LEC fails to restore LDs turnover and lymphatic gene expression, whereas supplementing the fatty acid precursor acetate rescues VEGFR3 levels and signaling, and lymphangiogenesis in LEC-Atg5-/- mice. Our findings reveal that lipophagy in LEC by supporting FAO, preserves a mitochondrial-PROX1 gene expression circuit that safeguards LEC responsiveness to lymphangiogenic mediators and lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Meçe
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diede Houbaert
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria-Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Durré
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Schaaf
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ganne
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mila Borri
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Verhoeven
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Jacobs
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - María S Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|