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He W, Tang P. Management of perioperative anticoagulation in patients with mechanical heart valve replacement undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report of postoperative cerebral embolism. Front Surg 2024; 11:1404436. [PMID: 39233766 PMCID: PMC11371760 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1404436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with mechanical heart valve replacement require lifelong anticoagulation therapy, and additional surgeries can pose a risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events due to the need for perioperative anticoagulation management. Here, we present a case report of a patient who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after mechanical heart valve replacement and experienced postoperative cerebral embolism. The management of perioperative anticoagulation in these patients is discussed, including strategies for minimizing the risks of bleeding and thromboembolic events during and after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Panli Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, China
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El-Bosily HM, Abd El Meguid KR, Sabri NA, Ahmed MA. Physicians Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines as a Major Predictor to Anticoagulant-related Medication Errors Incidence and Severity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3730-3740. [PMID: 35293625 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Anticoagulants represent a main source of medication errors (MEs) and complications that cause catastrophic implications posing an obligation on health care providers to assess anticoagulant related MEs and factors affecting their occurrence. This study investigates the occurrence and severity of prescribing MEs in patients on anticoagulants and explores their potential predictors. METHODS a prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital on 116 patients with a total of 2166 anticoagulant doses. RESULTS Forty-four percent of prescribed anticoagulant doses resulted in MEs with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) causing 61% and 34% respectively of the total MEs. More than 50% of all MEs were incorrect doses (high and low) shared between heparin and tinzaparin. The highest severity of error was Category D followed by Category F and C. Poisson regression analysis model revealed that female (IRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.54, p<0.001), bridging (IRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.09; p=0.011), VTE prophylaxis (IRR 7.65; 95% CI 4.88 - 12.02; p<0.001), physician non-adherence (IRR 2.71; 95% CI 2.22 - 3.29; p<0.001), and polypharmacy (IRR 1.68; 95% CI 1.26 - 2.23; p=0.036) were predictors of the higher incidence of MEs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis demonstrated that physician non-adherence (OR 24.67; 95% CI 5.54 - 207; p<0.001) was the main predictor of increased error severity. CONCLUSION The major predictor in increasing both MEs incidence and severity is physician adherence to evidence-based guidelines (EBG). Strict regulations of anticoagulant prescribing through an anticoagulant stewardship program are a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M El-Bosily
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, El-Sheikh Zayed Specialized Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa A Sabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Adel Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Aikins J, Koomson A, Ladele M, Al-Nusair L, Ahmed A, Ashry A, Harky A. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients with prosthetic heart valves. J Card Surg 2020; 35:3521-3529. [PMID: 32939828 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of antithrombotic therapy, anticoagulants or antiplatelets, after prosthetic heart valve replacement or repair, remains a disputed topic in the literature. Antithrombotic therapies are used after heart valve intervention to reduce the rates of thromboembolic events, therefore improving patient outcomes. Different interventions may require different therapeutic regimens to achieve the most efficacious clinical outcome for patients. METHODS AND DISCUSSION This review aims to summarize and critique the available literature concerning therapeutic agents used for bioprosthetic and mechanical valves as well as for valve repair, so as to assist clinicians and researchers in making decisions with regard to their patients and research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Aikins
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abeku Koomson
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mofolaoluwami Ladele
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lana Al-Nusair
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amr Ashry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) have an elevated stroke risk that is 2-7 times greater than in those without AF. Intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used for hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AFL) to prevent stroke. Dosing strategies exist for intravenous anticoagulation in patients with acute coronary syndromes and venous thromboembolic diseases, but there are no data to guide providers on a dosing strategy for intravenous anticoagulation in patients with AF/AFL. 996 hospitalized patients with AF/AFL on UFH were evaluated. Bolus dosing and initial infusion rates of UFH were recorded along with rates of stroke, thromboemobolic events, and bleeding events as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria. Among 226 patients included in the analysis, 76 bleeding events occurred. Using linear regression analysis, initial rates of heparin infusion ranging from 9.7 to 11.8 units/kilogram/hour (U/kg/h) resulted in activated partial thromboplastin times that were within therapeutic range. The median initial infusion rate in patients with bleeding was 13.3 U/kg/h, while in those without bleeding it was 11.4 U/kg/h; p = 0.012. An initial infusion rate >11.0 U/kg/h yielded an OR 1.95 (1.06-3.59); p = 0.03 for any bleeding event. Using IV heparin boluses neither increased the probability of attaining a therapeutic aPTT (56.1 vs 56.3 %; p = 0.99) nor did it significantly increase bleeding events in the study (35.7 vs 31.3 %; p = 0.48). The results suggest that higher initial rates of heparin are associated with increased bleeding risk. From this dataset, initial heparin infusion rates of 9.7-11.0 U/kg/h without a bolus can result in therapeutic levels of anticoagulation in hospitalized patients with AF/AFL without increasing the risk of bleeding.
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Ene G, Garcia Raso A, Gonzalez-Dominguez Weber A, Hidalgo-Vega Á, Llamas P. Cost of vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant treatment in patients with metallic prosthetic valve in mitral position. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116663123. [PMID: 27579168 PMCID: PMC4989584 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116663123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy after valve replacement surgery requires strict monitoring because these patients are at high risk for the development of thrombotic complications and present an increased risk of bleeding. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the total healthcare costs of oral anticoagulant treatment with vitamin K antagonists in patients with metallic prosthetic valves in the mitral position. Methods: Data from clinical records were used in the study including international normalized ratio results, number of medical visits, type of anticoagulant, use of rescue medication and hospital admissions from related complications. The drug cost was calculated based on the official Spanish Ministry of Health price list. Monitoring expenses were included in the cost of the medical supplies used in the procedures. Hospitalization costs were calculated using the diagnosis-related group price for each case. Results: We collected data from 151 patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonist who were diagnosed with mitral prosthesis (n = 90), mitro-aortic prosthesis (n = 57), and mitral and tricuspid prosthesis (n = 4). The total direct healthcare cost was €15302.59, with a mean total cost per patient per year of €1558.15 (±2774.58) consisting of 44.38 (±42.30) for drug cost, €71.41 (±21.43) for international normalized ratio monitoring, €429.52 (±126.87) for medical visits, €26.31 (±28.38) for rescue medication and €986.53 (±2735.68) for related complications. Conclusion: Most direct healthcare costs associated with the sampled patients arose from the specialist-care monitoring required for treatment. Good monitoring is inversely related to direct healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ene
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto de Investigación sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Garcia Raso
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto de Investigación sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Hidalgo-Vega
- Department of Economic and Financial Analysis, Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar Llamas
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto de Investigación sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, Madrid, Spain
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Utility of a dedicated pediatric cardiac anticoagulation program: the Boston Children's Hospital experience. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:842-50. [PMID: 25573076 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-1089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of stroke in children. Warfarin therapy can be difficult to manage safely in this population because of its narrow therapeutic index, multiple drug and dietary interactions, small patient size, high-risk cardiac indications, and lack of data to support anticoagulation recommendations. We sought to describe our institution's effort to develop a dedicated cardiac anticoagulation service to address the special needs of this population and to review the literature. In 2009, in response to Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals for Anticoagulation, Boston Children's Hospital created a dedicated pediatric Cardiac Anticoagulation Monitoring Program (CAMP). The primary purpose was to provide centralized management of outpatient anticoagulation to cardiac patients, to serve as a disease-specific resource to families and providers, and to devise strategies to evolve clinical care with rapidly emerging trends in anticoagulation care. Over 5 years the CAMP Service, staffed by a primary pediatric cardiology attending, a full-time nurse practitioner, and administrative assistant with dedicated support from pharmacy and nutrition, has enrolled over 240 patients ranging in age from 5 months to 55 years. The most common indications include a prosthetic valve (34 %), Fontan prophylaxis (20 %), atrial arrhythmias (11 %), cardiomyopathy (10 %), Kawasaki disease (7 %), and a ventricular assist device (2 %). A patient-centered multi-disciplinary cardiac anticoagulation clinic was created in 2012. Overall program international normalized ratio (INR) time in therapeutic range (TTR) is favorable at 67 % (81 % with a 0.2 margin) and has improved steadily over 5 years. Pediatric-specific guidelines for VKOR1 and CYP2C9 pharmacogenomics testing, procedural bridging with enoxaparin, novel anticoagulant use, and quality metrics have been developed. Program satisfaction is rated highly among families and providers. A dedicated pediatric cardiac anticoagulation program offers a safe and effective strategy to standardize anticoagulation care for pediatric cardiology patients, is associated with high patient and provider satisfaction, and is capable of evolving care strategies with emerging trends in anticoagulation.
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Kheradvar A, Groves EM, Goergen CJ, Alavi SH, Tranquillo R, Simmons CA, Dasi LP, Grande-Allen KJ, Mofrad MRK, Falahatpisheh A, Griffith B, Baaijens F, Little SH, Canic S. Emerging Trends in Heart Valve Engineering: Part II. Novel and Standard Technologies for Aortic Valve Replacement. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:844-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kheradvar A, Groves EM, Simmons CA, Griffith B, Alavi SH, Tranquillo R, Dasi LP, Falahatpisheh A, Grande-Allen KJ, Goergen CJ, Mofrad MRK, Baaijens F, Canic S, Little SH. Emerging trends in heart valve engineering: Part III. Novel technologies for mitral valve repair and replacement. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:858-70. [PMID: 25287646 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this portion of an extensive review of heart valve engineering, we focus on the current and emerging technologies and techniques to repair or replace the mitral valve. We begin with a discussion of the currently available mechanical and bioprosthetic mitral valves followed by the rationale and limitations of current surgical mitral annuloplasty methods; a discussion of the technique of neo-chordae fabrication and implantation; a review the procedures and clinical results for catheter-based mitral leaflet repair; a highlight of the motivation for and limitations of catheter-based annular reduction therapies; and introduce the early generation devices for catheter-based mitral valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Kheradvar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, 2410 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-2730, USA,
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Mathapati S, Bishi DK, Venugopal JR, Cherian KM, Guhathakurta S, Ramakrishna S, Verma RS. Nanofibers coated on acellular tissue-engineered bovine pericardium supports differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells for tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:623-34. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop biodegradable, polymer-based nanofibers coated on acellular tissue-engineered bovine pericardium (ATEBP) for cell interfaces, enabling more exquisite functionality, such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into endothelial cells for tissue engineering. Materials & methods: ATEBP coated with nanofibers of poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLACL) and a blend of PLACL and gelatin were analyzed for human bone marrow-derived MSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into endothelial cells. Results: The cell culture-based approach showed an increase in human bone marrow-derived MSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into endothelial cells on ATEBP coated with PLACL/gelatin nanofibers compared with ATEBP and PLACL nanofibers coated on ATEBP. Conclusion: ATEBP coated with PLACL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds, along with human bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiated into endothelial cells, might improve the scaffolds’ functionality for tissue engineering. Original submitted 5 July 2012; Revised submitted 24 January 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mathapati
- Stem Cell & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt Ltd & Dr KM Cherian Heart Foundation, Mogappair, Chennai 600 101, Tamil Nadu, India
- Health Care & Energy Materials Laboratory, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering Block E3, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Stem Cell & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt Ltd & Dr KM Cherian Heart Foundation, Mogappair, Chennai 600 101, Tamil Nadu, India
- Health Care & Energy Materials Laboratory, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering Block E3, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Health Care & Energy Materials Laboratory, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering Block E3, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Kotturathu Mammen Cherian
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt Ltd & Dr KM Cherian Heart Foundation, Mogappair, Chennai 600 101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soma Guhathakurta
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt Ltd & Dr KM Cherian Heart Foundation, Mogappair, Chennai 600 101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Health Care & Energy Materials Laboratory, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering Block E3, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shazly A, Afifi A. RE-ALIGN: First trial of novel oral anticoagulant in patients with mechanical heart valves - The search continues. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:88-9. [PMID: 25054124 PMCID: PMC4104382 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Faltas B, Kouides PA. Update on perioperative bridging in patients on chronic oral anticoagulation. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 7:1533-9. [PMID: 19954315 DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral anticoagulation (OAC) with vitamin K antagonists is commonly used for long-term prevention or treatment of arterial or venous thromboembolism. In the USA alone, approximately 250,000 patients will require temporary interruption of OAC annually. Managing anticoagulation in those patients on chronic OAC who require invasive procedures continues to be a major clinical dilemma. This article summarizes the existing evidence in light of the recommendations of the American College of Chest Physicians. Management of anticoagulation in the perioperative period will continue to be an important clinical challenge and an evolving area of research. If new oral anticoagulants are successful in replacing warfarin, the entire perioperative anticoagulation scene will change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Faltas
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
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