1
|
Yelton SEG, Flores S, Sun LR, Nelson-McMillan K, Loomba RS. Association Between Congenital Heart Disease and Stroke: Insights from a National Database. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:1-7. [PMID: 37837542 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
To delineate prevalence of stroke in the pediatric intensive care unit and to determine risk factors for stroke and association of stroke with mortality in patients with congenital heart disease. Retrospective cohort study. Patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units in the USA participating in the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2016 to 2021. Patients were categorized as those who experienced ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and those with congenital heart disease. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to determine risk factors associated with stroke and then developed a predictive model for stroke development in patients with congenital heart disease. Of 426,029 admissions analyzed, 4237 (0.9%) patients experienced stroke and 1197 (1.4%) of 80,927 patients with congenital heart disease developed stroke (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.24). Patients with congenital heart disease, younger age, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and cardiac arrest were most strongly associated with increased risk of stroke. Stroke increased odds of mortality for patients with congenital heart disease (odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 2.08-2.98). A risk score greater than 0 was associated with a 33.3% risk of stroke for patients with congenital heart disease (negative predictive value of 99%, sensitivity 69%, specificity 63%). Children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk for developing stroke, which is associated with increased mortality. Early identification of the most vulnerable patients may enable providers to implement preventative measures or rapid treatment strategies to prevent neurologic morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gardner Yelton
- Division of Cardiology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL, USA.
- Division of Critical Care, University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Saul Flores
- Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, House, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Nelson-McMillan
- Division of Cardiology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit S Loomba
- Division of Cardiology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School/Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rammell J, Perre D, Boylan L, Prentis J, Nesbitt C, Elmallah A, Nandhra S. The adverse impact of pre-operative anaemia on survival following major lower limb amputation. Vascular 2023; 31:379-386. [PMID: 35238256 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211065622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 5000 major lower-limb amputations (MLLA) for PAD occur per-annum in the UK with clinical outcomes being poor for this high-risk cohort of patients. Existing evidence suggests that anaemic surgical patients have an increased 30-day mortality, but this has not been explored in the context of MLLA. Recent prioritization processes suggested that MLLAs are a target area for research into outcome improvement. This cohort study evaluates the impact of anaemia on the outcome of MLLA to understand if optimization might improve outcomes. METHODS All PAD patients undergoing MLLA during 2015-2018 at a tertiary vascular centre were reviewed. Patients were stratified into groups; non-anaemia (>12 g/dL), mild-anaemia (12-10 g/dL) and severe-anaemia (<10 g/dL) by pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb). Primary outcome was overall survival by Kaplan-Meier. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), post-operative blood-transfusion, surgical-site infection (SSI) and myocardial infarction (MI). Cox-proportional-hazard and receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) analyses were conducted. RESULTS 345 patients were followed up over (mean) 23 months. 105 were non-anaemic, 111 mildly anaemic and 129 severely anaemic. Patients with severe-anaemia had a higher incidence of heart and renal failure (p = 0.003) than those with non- or mild-anaemia. Overall survival worsened significantly with increasing anaemia (p = 0.001). LOS was significantly longer in mild-anaemia which is 26 (16-43) days, (p = 0.006) and severe-anaemia of 28 days (17-40), (p < 0.001) compared to non-anaemia of 18 (10-30) days. Post-operative blood-transfusion (RBC) was required more frequently in 70.5% of severely anaemic patients (p < 0.001), compared to mildly anaemic (24.3%) and non-anaemic (7.6%) patients, with those receiving RBCs having a significantly worse survival. There was no difference in MI, SSI or wound dehiscence. Anaemia was significantly associated with mortality; (HR 1.7 (1.04-2.78), p = 0.03). A minimum-Hb of 10.4 g/L (by ROC) was identified as a cutoff Hb for an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSION Pre-operative anaemia is associated with worse outcome following MLLA, with increasing severity of anaemia associated with increasing mortality and RBC transfusion being potentially detrimental. More work is required to prospectively evaluate this relationship in this complex and multi-morbid cohort of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Rammell
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Perre
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Luke Boylan
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - James Prentis
- Department of Anaesthesia, the Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE7 7DN UK
| | - Craig Nesbitt
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ahmed Elmallah
- Associate Professor of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, El Menoufia University, El Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sandip Nandhra
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cowart C, Roberts SM. Pro: Modified Ultrafiltration Is Beneficial for Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:1049-1052. [PMID: 36754730 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cowart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - S Michael Roberts
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Latif A, Kapoor V, Lateef N, Ahsan MJ, Usman RM, Malik SU, Ahmad N, Rosko N, Rudoni J, William P, Khouri J, Anwer F. Incidence and Management of Carfilzomib-induced Cardiovascular Toxicity; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:30-45. [PMID: 33845729 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666210412113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ASPIRE and ENDEAVOUR trials have shown cardiovascular adverse effects in patients treated with carfilzomib-based regimens. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of published clinical trials to identify the cumulative incidence and risk of cardiovascular adverse effects due to carfilzomib. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library was performed, and we identified 45 prospective trials of carfilzomib with data on 5583 patients. Among all patients being treated with carfilzomib (N=5,583), 8.9% sustained all grade cardiotoxicity, while 4.4% sustained high-grade cardiotoxicity. All-grade hypertension was present in 13.2%, while the incidence of high-grade hypertension was 5.3%. RESULT The observed incidences of all-grade heart failure, edema, and ischemia were 5.1%, 20.7%, and 4.6% respectively. Likewise, for high-grade heart failure and edema observed incidence was 3.2%, and 2.7% respectively. There was no difference in the event rate of all and high-grade cardiotoxicity between newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory (p-value 0.42 and 0.86 respectively). Likewise, we did not observe any difference in the event rate of all and high-grade cardiotoxicity when carfilzomib was used as a single agent versus when used in combination therapy with other agents (p-value 0.43 and 0.73 respectively). CONCLUSION Carfilzomib is associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular toxicity and hypertension. With the increasing utilization of carfilzomib, it is critical for primary care physicians, oncologists and cardiologists to be aware of the risk of cardiotoxicity associated with the use of carfilzomib to recognize and treat baseline cardiovascular risk factors in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azka Latif
- CHI Health Creighton University, Omaha, NE. United States
| | - Vikas Kapoor
- CHI Health Creighton University, Omaha, NE. United States
| | - Noman Lateef
- CHI Health Creighton University, Omaha, NE. United States
| | | | - Rana Mohammad Usman
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN. United States
| | - Saad Ullah Malik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. United States
| | - Naqib Ahmad
- Taussig Cancer Center Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH . United States
| | - Nathaniel Rosko
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. United States
| | - Joslyn Rudoni
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. United States
| | - Preethi William
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ . United States
| | - Jack Khouri
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Myeloma program, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. United States
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Myeloma program, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication after cardiac
surgery. Currently, a series of novel biomarkers have favored the assessment of
AKI after cardiac surgery in addition to the conventional indicators. The
biomartkers, such as urinary liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), urinary
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum L-FABP, heart-type
FABP, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), and interleukin-18 were found to be
significantly higher in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery than
those who did not. Apart from urinary interleukin-18, the novel biomarkers have
been recognized as reliable indicators for predicting the diagnosis, adverse
outcome, and even mortality of AKI after cardiac surgery. The timing of the
renal replacement therapy is a significant predictor relating to patients’
prognoses. In patients with AKI after cardiac surgery, renal replacement therapy
should be performed as early as possible in order to achieve promising outcomes.
In children, AKI after cardiac surgery can be managed with peritoneal dialysis.
AKI after cardiac surgery has received extensive attention as it may increase
early mortality and impact long-term survival of patients as well. The purpose
of this article was to analyze the changes of the pertinent biomarkers, to
explore the related risk factors leading to the occurrence of AKI after cardiac
surgery, and to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and reduction of
AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Min Yuan
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital The First Hospital of Putian Putian Fujian Province People's Republic of China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fabbro M, Damluji AA, Cohen MG, Epstein RH. Cardiorespiratory Stability of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Is Not Improved During General Anesthesia Compared to Sedation: A Retrospective, Observational Study. STRUCTURAL HEART-THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2018.1438688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fabbro
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandra S, Kulkarni H, Westphal M. The bloody mess of red blood cell transfusion. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:310. [PMID: 29297368 PMCID: PMC5751535 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion might be life-saving in settings with acute blood loss, especially uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock. However, there appears to be a catch-22 situation reflected by the facts that preoperative anaemia represents an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality, and that RBC transfusion might also contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. This dilemma is further complicated by the difficulty to define the “best” transfusion trigger and strategy. Since one size does obviously not fit all, a personalised approach is merited. Attempts should thus be made to critically reflect on the pros and cons of RBC transfusion in each individual patient. Patient blood management concepts including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative optimisation strategies involving the intensive care unit are warranted and are likely to provide benefits for the patients and the healthcare system. In this context, it is important to consider that “simply” increasing the haemoglobin content, and in proportion oxygen delivery, may not necessarily contribute to a better outcome but potentially the contrary in the long term. The difficulty lies in identification of the patients who might eventually profit from RBC transfusion and to determine in whom a transfusion might be withheld without inducing harm. More robust clinical data providing long-term outcome data are needed to better understand in which patients RBC transfusion might be life-saving vs life-limiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susilo Chandra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, University of Indonesia, Medical Faculty, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Martin Westphal
- Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartoszko J, Karkouti K. Can predicting transfusion in cardiac surgery help patients? Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:350-352. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
9
|
Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Gillaspie EA, Greason KL, Kashani KB. Association of blood transfusion with acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A meta-analysis. World J Nephrol 2016; 5:482-8. [PMID: 27648412 PMCID: PMC5011255 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i5.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess red blood cell (RBC) transfusion effects on acute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and clinicaltrials.gov from the inception of the databases through December 2015. Studies that reported relative risk, odds ratio or hazard ratio comparing the risks of AKI following TAVR in patients who received periprocedural RBC transfusion were included. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Sixteen cohort studies with 4690 patients were included in the analyses to assess the risk of AKI after TAVR in patients who received a periprocedural RBC transfusion. The pooled RR of AKI after TAVR in patients who received a periprocedural RBC transfusion was 1.95 (95%CI: 1.56-2.43) when compared with the patients who did not receive a RBC transfusion. The meta-analysis was then limited to only studies with adjusted analysis for confounders assessing the risk of AKI after TAVR; the pooled RR of AKI in patients who received periprocedural RBC transfusion was 1.85 (95%CI: 1.29-2.67). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrates an association between periprocedural RBC transfusion and a higher risk of AKI after TAVR. Future studies are required to assess the risks of severe AKI after TAVR requiring renal replacement therapy and mortality in the patients who received periprocedural RBC transfusion.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schotola H, Wetz AJ, Popov AF, Bergmann I, Danner BC, Schöndube FA, Bauer M, Bräuer A. The Effects of Residual Pump Blood on Patient Plasma Free Haemoglobin Levels Post Cardiac Surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:587-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, there are invariably several hundred millilitres of residual pump blood in the reservoir, which can either be re-transfused or discarded. The objective of this prospective observational study was to investigate the quality of the residual pump blood, focusing on plasma free haemoglobin (pfHb) and blood cell counts. Fifty-one consecutive patients were included in the study. Forty-nine units of residual pump blood and 58 units of transfused red blood cell (RBC) concentrates were analysed. The mean preoperative pfHb of the patients was 0.057 ± 0.062 g/l, which increased gradually to 0.55 ± 0.36 g/l on arrival in the intensive care unit postoperatively. On the first postoperative day, the mean pfHb had returned to within the normal range. Our data showed that haemoglobin, haematocrit, and erythrocyte counts of residual pump blood were approximately 40% of the values in standardised RBC concentrates. Plasma free haemoglobin was significantly higher in residual pump blood compared to RBC concentrates, and nearly twice as high as the pfHb in patient blood samples taken contemporaneously. Our findings indicate that residual pump blood pfHb levels are markedly higher compared to patients' blood and RBC concentrates, but that its administration does not significantly increase patients' pfHb levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Schotola
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A. J. Wetz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A. F. Popov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Support, Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - I. Bergmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B. C. Danner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - F. A. Schöndube
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M. Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A. Bräuer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geissler RG, Rotering H, Buddendick H, Franz D, Bunzemeier H, Roeder N, Kwiecien R, Sibrowski W, Scheld HH, Martens S, Schlenke P. Utilisation of blood components in cardiac surgery: a single-centre retrospective analysis with regard to diagnosis-related procedures. Transfus Med Hemother 2015; 42:75-82. [PMID: 26019702 DOI: 10.1159/000377691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More blood components are required in cardiac surgery than in most other medical disciplines. The overall blood demand may increase as a function of the total number of cardiothoracic and vascular surgical interventions and their level of complexity, and also when considering the demographic ageing. Awareness has grown with respect to adverse events, such as transfusion-related immunomodulation by allogeneic blood supply, which can contribute to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, programmes of patient blood management (PBM) have been implemented to avoid unnecessary blood transfusions and to standardise the indication of blood transfusions more strictly with aim to improve patients' overall outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive retrospective analysis of the utilisation of blood components in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Hospital of Münster (UKM) was performed over a 4-year period. Based on a medical reporting system of all medical disciplines, which was established as part of a PBM initiative, all transfused patients in cardiac surgery and their blood components were identified in a diagnosis- and medical procedure-related system, which allows the precise allocation of blood consumption to interventional procedures in cardiac surgery, such as coronary or valve surgery. RESULTS This retrospective single centre study included all in-patients in cardiac surgery at the UKM from 2009 to 2012, corresponding to a total of 1,405-1,644 cases per year. A blood supply was provided for 55.6-61.9% of the cardiac surgery patients, whereas approximately 9% of all in-patients at the UKM required blood transfusions. Most of the blood units were applied during cardiac valve surgery and during coronary surgery. Further surgical activities with considerable use of blood components included thoracic surgery, aortic surgery, heart transplantations and the use of artificial hearts. Under the measures of PBM in 2012 a noticeable decrease in the number of transfused cases was observed compared to the period from 2009 to 2011 before implementation of the PBM initiative (red blood cells p < 0.002; fresh frozen plasma p < 0.0006; platelets p < 0.00006). CONCLUSION Until now, cardiac surgery comes along with a significant blood supply. By using a case-related data evaluation programme, the consumption of each blood component can be linked to clinical performance groups and, if necessary, to individual patients. Based on the results obtained from this retrospective analysis, prospective studies are underway to begin conducting target / actual performance comparisons to better understand the individual decision-making by the attending physicians with respect to transfusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Georg Geissler
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich Rotering
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hubert Buddendick
- DRG Research Group and Medical Management, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Franz
- DRG Research Group and Medical Management, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Bunzemeier
- DRG Research Group and Medical Management, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Roeder
- DRG Research Group and Medical Management, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany ; Board of Management, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Kwiecien
- Institute for Biostatics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Sibrowski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans H Scheld
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany ; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Makroo RN, Hegde V, Bhatia A, Chowdhry M, Arora B, Rosamma NL, Thakur UK. A multivariate analysis to assess the effect of packed red cell transfusion and the unit age of transfused red cells on postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries. Asian J Transfus Sci 2015; 9:12-7. [PMID: 25722566 PMCID: PMC4339924 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.150939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion of blood components and age of transfused packed red cells (PRCs) are independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined data of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institute from January 1, 2012 to September 30, 2012. Details of transfusion (autologous and allogenic), postoperative length of stay (PLOS), postoperative complications were recorded along with other relevant details. The analysis was done in two stages, in the first both transfused and nontransfused individuals and in the second only transfused individuals were considered. Age of transfused red cells as a cause of morbidity was analyzed only in the second stage. RESULTS Of the 762 patients included in the study, 613 (80.4%) were males and 149 (19.6%) were females. Multivariate analysis revealed that factors like the number and age of transfused PRCs and age of the patient had significant bearing upon the morbidity. Morbidity was significantly higher in the patients transfused with allogenic PRCs when compared with the patients not receiving any transfusion irrespective of the age of transfused PRCs. Transfusion of PRC of over 21 days was associated with higher postoperative complications, but not with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, allogenic blood transfusion increases morbidity. The age of PRCs transfused has a significant bearing on morbidity, but not on in-hospital mortality. Blood transfusion services will therefore have to weigh the risks and benefits of providing blood older than 21 days in cardiac surgeries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Nath Makroo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Hegde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakanksha Bhatia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Chowdhry
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavna Arora
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - N L Rosamma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Uday Kumar Thakur
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Transfusion strategy: impact of haemodynamics and the challenge of haemodilution. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2014; 2014:627141. [PMID: 25177515 PMCID: PMC4142166 DOI: 10.1155/2014/627141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and numerous reports have emphasised the need for reduction. Following this there is increased attention to the concept of patient blood management. However, bleeding is relatively common following cardiac surgery and is further enhanced by the continued antiplatelet therapy policy. Another important issue is that cardiopulmonary bypass leads to haemodilution and a potential blood loss. The basic role of blood is oxygen transport to the organs. The determining factors of oxygen delivery are cardiac output, haemoglobin, and saturation. If oxygen delivery/consumption is out of balance, the compensation mechanisms are simple, as a decrease in one factor results in an increase in one or two other factors. Patients with coexisting cardiac diseases may be of particular risk, but studies indicate that patients with coexisting cardiac diseases tolerate moderate anaemia and may even benefit from a restrictive transfusion regimen. Further it has been shown that patients with reduced left ventricular function are able to compensate with increased cardiac output in response to bleeding and haemodilution if normovolaemia is maintained. In conclusion the evidence supports that each institution establishes its own patient blood management strategy to both conserve blood products and maximise outcome.
Collapse
|
14
|
Transfusion of leukocyte-depleted RBCs is independently associated with increased morbidity after pediatric cardiac surgery. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2013; 14:298-305. [PMID: 23392375 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e3182745472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that transfusion of leukocyte-depleted RBC preparations within the first 48 hours of PICU stay was independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, irrespective of surgery type and disease severity. DESIGN Retrospective, observational study. SETTING Single-center PICU in The Netherlands. PATIENTS Children less than 18 years consecutively admitted after pediatric cardiac surgery between February 2007 and February 2010. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data from 335 patients were used for analysis of whom 86 (25.7%) were transfused during the first 48 hours of PICU stay. Duration of mechanical ventilation (115 ± 19 hours vs. 25 ± 4 hours, p < 0.001) was longer among transfused patients. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (10.5% vs. 1.6%, odds ratio 7.2; 95% confidence interval 1.92-32.47; p < 0.001) was more frequent among transfused patients. New acute kidney injury after 48 hours of PICU admission (23.9% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.18) and mortality were comparable (2.3% vs. 4%, p = 0.16). The number of discrete transfusion events was significantly correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (Spearman's rho 0.617, p < 0.001). Transfusion remained independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation after adjusting for confounders using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of leukocyte-depleted RBCs within the first 48 hours of PICU stay after cardiac surgery is independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jakobsen CJ, Ryhammer PK, Tang M, Andreasen JJ, Mortensen PE. Transfusion of blood during cardiac surgery is associated with higher long-term mortality in low-risk patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42:114-120. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
16
|
Paone G, Brewer R, Theurer PF, Bell GF, Cogan CM, Prager RL. Preoperative predicted risk does not fully explain the association between red blood cell transfusion and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Taha AS, McCloskey C, Craigen T, Angerson WJ, Shah AA, Morran CG. Mortality following blood transfusion for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Frontline Gastroenterol 2011; 2:218-225. [PMID: 28839613 PMCID: PMC5517239 DOI: 10.1136/fg.2011.004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood transfusion remains an integral step in the management of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NV-UGIB), but its safety is being increasingly questioned in less severe cases. The authors aimed to measure 30-day and 2-year mortalities after blood transfusion for NV-UGIB. METHODS Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of blood transfusion with mortality while adjusting for age, Charlson comorbidity score, the complete Rockall score for acute UGIB, admission status and medication intake prior to bleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death from any cause at 30 days and 2 years after NV-UGIB. RESULTS 1340 patients presented with NV-UGIB< (808 men (60.3%), median age 67 years) of whom 564 (42.1%) were transfused. The overall mortality was 5.3% at 30 days and 26.0% at 2 years in all patients. Comparing subjects with a haemoglobin concentration greater than 10.0 g/dl who were transfused with those who were not, 30-day mortalities (95% CIs) were 11.5% (6.7 to 18.0) versus 3.6% (2.3 to 5.3), respectively, p<0.001, and 2-year mortalities (95% CIs) were 40% (32 to 49) versus 20% (17 to 23), p<0.001. After adjusting for age, Charlson score, Rockall score and haemoglobin, the HRs (95% CIs) for death after transfusion were 1.88 (1.00 to 3.55) (p=0.051) at 30 days and 1.71 (1.28 to 2.28), (p<0.001) at 2 years. CONCLUSION In patients with moderately severe NV-UGIB, mortality is higher following blood transfusion. Whether this reflects selection bias, an effect of comorbidity or an effect of transfusion requires urgent prospective study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Taha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK,Department of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Theresa Craigen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK
| | | | - Amir A Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mehran R, Rao SV, Bhatt DL, Gibson CM, Caixeta A, Eikelboom J, Kaul S, Wiviott SD, Menon V, Nikolsky E, Serebruany V, Valgimigli M, Vranckx P, Taggart D, Sabik JF, Cutlip DE, Krucoff MW, Ohman EM, Steg PG, White H. Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials: a consensus report from the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium. Circulation 2011; 123:2736-47. [PMID: 21670242 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.009449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3091] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mehran
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Papworth Bleeding Risk Score: a stratification scheme for identifying cardiac surgery patients at risk of excessive early postoperative bleeding. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39:924-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
20
|
Senay S, Toraman F, Karabulut H, Alhan C. Is it the patient or the physician who cannot tolerate anemia? A prospective analysis in 1854 non-transfused coronary artery surgery patients. Perfusion 2010; 24:373-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659109358118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Low hematocrit level and transfusion may coexist during cardiopulmonary bypass and the actual impact of one on the outcome parameters may be counfounded or masked by the other. This study aims to determine the impact of the lowest hematocrit level during cardiopulmonary bypass on outcome parameters in non-transfused patients. Methods: Two thousand six hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were evaluated prospectively:1854 (70.4%) patients who did not receive any red blood cells during hospital stay were included in the study. Perioperative data and outcome parameters were recorded. Outcomes were evaluated in 2 groups according to the lowest level of hematocrit (>21%: high hematocrit group, n= 1680, (91.6%) and ≤21%: low hematocrit group, n=174, (9.4%)) during cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: Overall mean lowest hematocrit level of patients was 27.7±4.4% (19.7±1.9% in the low hematocrit group, 28.5±4.1% in the high hematocrit group). The comparison of outcome parameters regarding the time on ventilator, duration of intensive care unit stay, intensive care unit re-admission, hospital re-admission, reoperation for bleeding or tamponade, low cardiac output, postoperative atrial fibrillation, stroke, creatinine level at hospital discharge, new onset renal failure, mediastinitis, pulmonary complication and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a lowest hematocrit level of ≤21% during cardiopulmonary bypass has no adverse impact on outcome after isolated coronary surgery in non-transfused patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Senay
- Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Fevzi Toraman
- Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Karabulut
- Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Alhan
- Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van Straten AH, Bekker MW, Soliman Hamad MA, van Zundert AA, Martens EJ, Schönberger JP, de Wolf AM. Transfusion of red blood cells: the impact on short-term and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting, a ten-year follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10:37-42. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2009.214551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
22
|
Thomson A, Farmer S, Hofmann A, Isbister J, Shander A. Patient blood management - a new paradigm for transfusion medicine? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:423-435. [PMID: 32328164 PMCID: PMC7169263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The saving of many lives in history has been duly credited to blood transfusions. What is frequently overlooked is the fact that, in light of a wealth of evidence as well as other management options, a therapy deemed suitable yesterday may no longer be the first choice today. Use of blood has not been based upon scientific evaluation of benefits, but mostly on anecdotal experience and a variety of factors are challenging current practice. Blood is a precious resource with an ever limiting supply due to the aging population. Costs have also continually increased due to advances (and complexities) in collection, testing, processing and administration of transfusion, which could make up 5% of the total health service budget. Risks of transfusions remain a major concern, with advances in blood screening and processing shifting the profile from infectious to non‐infectious risks. Most worrying though, is the accumulating literature demonstrating a strong (often dose‐dependent) association between transfusion and adverse outcomes. These include increased length of stay, postoperative infection, morbidity and mortality. To this end, a recent international consensus conference on transfusion outcomes (ICCTO) concluded that there was little evidence to corroborate that blood would improve patients’ outcomes in the vast majority of clinical scenarios in which transfusions are currently routinely considered; more appropriate clinical management options should be adopted and transfusion avoided wherever possible. On the other hand, there are patients for whom the perceived benefits of transfusion are likely to outweigh the potential risks. Consensus guidelines for blood component therapy have been developed to assist clinicians in identifying these patients and most of these guidelines have long advocated more conservative ‘triggers’ for transfusion. However, significant variation in practice and inappropriate transfusions are still prevalent. The ‘blood must always be good philosophy’ continues to permeate clinical practice. An alternative approach, however, is being adopted in an increasing number of centres. Experience in managing Jehovah’s Witness patients has shown that complex care without transfusion is possible and results are comparable with, if not better than those of transfused patients. These experiences and rising awareness of downsides of transfusion helped create what has become known as ‘patient blood management’. Principles of this approach include optimizing erythropoiesis, reducing surgical blood loss and harnessing the patient’s physiological tolerance of anaemia. Treatment is tailored to the individual patient, using a multidisciplinary team approach and employing a combination of modalities. Results have demonstrated reduction of transfusion, improved patient outcomes and patient satisfaction. Significant healthcare cost savings have also followed. Despite the success of patient blood management programmes and calls for practice change, the potential and actual harm to patients caused through inappropriate transfusion is still not sufficiently tangible for the public and many clinicians. This has to change. The medical, ethical, legal and economic evidence cannot be ignored. Patient blood management needs to be implemented as the standard of care for all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Thomson
- Department of Haematology and Pathology North, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney & Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Farmer
- Implementation Board, Western Australia Department of Health Patient Blood Management Program & Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - A Hofmann
- Medical Society of Blood Management, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - J Isbister
- Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine Pain Management and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY & Executive Medical Director, New Jersey Institute for Patient Blood Management and Bloodless Medicine and Surgery, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008; 21:684-93. [DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e328312c01b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|