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Shinoda Y, Komatsu Y, Hattori M, Oda Y, Iioka Y, Hanaki Y, Yamasaki H, Igarashi M, Ishizu T, Nogami A. Optimal cardiac rhythm during substrate mapping in scar-related ventricular tachycardia: Significance of wavefront direction on identifying critical sites. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:1298-1307. [PMID: 38432425 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rotational activation pattern (RAP) around the localized line of a conduction block often correlates with sites specific to the critical zones of ventricular tachycardia (VT). The wavefront direction during substrate mapping affects manifestation of the RAP and line of block. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the most optimal cardiac rhythm for identifying RAP and line of block in substrate mapping. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 71 maps (median 3205 points/map) in 46 patients (65 ± 15 years; 33% with ischemic cardiomyopathy) who underwent high-density substrate mapping and ablation of scar-related VT. Appearance of a RAP during sinus, right ventricular (RV)-paced, left ventricular (LV)-paced, and biventricular-paced rhythms was investigated. RESULTS RAP was identified in 24 of 71 maps (34%) in the region where wavefronts from a single direction reached but not in the region where wavefronts from multiple directions centripetally collided. The probability of identifying the RAP depended on scar location; that is, anteroseptal and inferoseptal, inferior and apical, and basal lateral RAPs were likely to be identified during sinus/atrial, RV-paced, and LV-paced rhythms, respectively. In 13 patients, the RAP was not evident in the baseline map but became apparent during remapping in the other rhythm, in which the wavefront reached the site earlier within the entire activation time. CONCLUSION The optimal rhythm for substrate mapping depends on the spatial distribution of the area of interest. A paced rhythm with pacing sites near the scar may facilitate the identification of critical VT zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Shinoda
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Hattori
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuka Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuto Iioka
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hanaki
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyako Igarashi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Tonko JB, Lozano C, Moreno J, Chow A, Dhinoja M, Lambiase PD. Near-field detection and peak frequency metric for substrate and activation mapping of ventricular tachycardias in two- and three-dimensional circuits. Europace 2024; 26:euae154. [PMID: 38833626 PMCID: PMC11259853 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Successful ventricular arrhythmia (VA) ablation requires identification of functionally critical sites during contact mapping. Estimation of the peak frequency (PF) component of the electrogram (EGM) may improve correct near-field (NF) annotation to identify circuit segments on the mapped surface. In turn, assessment of NF and far-field (FF) EGMs may delineate the three-dimensional path of a ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuit. METHODS AND RESULTS A proprietary NF detection algorithm was applied retrospectively to scar-related re-entry VT maps and compared with manually reviewed maps employing first deflection (FDcorr) for VT activation maps and last deflection (LD) for substrate maps. Ventricular tachycardia isthmus location and characteristics mapped with FDcorr vs. NF were compared. Omnipolar low-voltage areas, late activating areas, and deceleration zones (DZ) in LD vs. NF substrate maps were compared. On substrate maps, PF estimation was compared between isthmus and bystander sites. Activation mapping with entrainment and/or VT termination with radiofrequency (RF) ablation confirmed critical sites. Eighteen patients with high-density VT activation and substrate maps (55.6% ischaemic) were included. Near-field detection correctly located critical parts of the circuit in 77.7% of the cases compared with manually reviewed VT maps as reference. In substrate maps, NF detection identified deceleration zones in 88.8% of cases, which overlapped with FDcorr VT isthmus in 72.2% compared with 83.3% overlap of DZ assessed by LD. Applied to substrate maps, PF as a stand-alone feature did not differentiate VT isthmus sites from low-voltage bystander sites. Omnipolar voltage was significantly higher at isthmus sites with longer EGM durations compared with low-voltage bystander sites. CONCLUSION The NF algorithm may enable rapid high-density activation mapping of VT circuits in the NF of the mapped surface. Integrated assessment and combined analysis of NF and FF EGM-components could support characterization of three-dimensional VT circuits with intramural segments. For scar-related substrate mapping, PF as a stand-alone EGM feature did not enable the differentiation of functionally critical sites of the dominant VT from low-voltage bystander sites in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna B Tonko
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew s Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Cristina Lozano
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Colmenar Viejo road, km. 9,100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Colmenar Viejo road, km. 9,100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Anthony Chow
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew s Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Mehul Dhinoja
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew s Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew s Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
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Maher TR, Freedman BL, Yang S, Locke AH, D'Angelo R, Galvao M, Buxton AE, Waks JW, d'Avila A. Targeting Wavefront Discontinuity Lines for Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: A Novel Functional Substrate Ablation Approach. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 10:1255-1270. [PMID: 38819346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The boundaries of critical isthmuses for re-entrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) are formed by wavefront discontinuities (fixed lines of block, slow propagation, and rotational propagation) seen during baseline rhythm. It is unknown whether wavefront discontinuities can be automatically identified and targeted for ablation using electroanatomic mapping systems. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the electrophysiologic characteristics of automatically projected wavefront discontinuity lines (WADLs) and outcomes of an ablation strategy targeting WADLs in a mixed cohort of VT patients. METHODS Late activation substrate maps were analyzed from 1 or more baseline rhythm wavefronts. WADLs were identified using the Carto Extended Early Meets Late module. Number, total length, and distance to critical VT sites were measured. VT recurrence and VT-free survival were followed. RESULTS In total, 49 patients underwent 52 ablations with 71 unique substrate maps analyzed (18.8% epicardial; 62.0% right ventricular paced, 28.2% sinus rhythm, 9.9% left ventricular paced). A total of 28 VT critical sites were identified in 24 patients. WADLs were present in 49 of 71 (69.0%) maps. WADLs were present regardless of cardiomyopathy etiology, mapping wavefront, or surface. At a WADL threshold of 30%, 73.9% of critical VT sites were in close proximity (≤15 mm) to a WADL. VT-free survival was 62% at 1 year, with a competing risk model estimating a 1-year risk of VT recurrence of 23%. CONCLUSIONS WADLs can be automatically projected in a majority of patients in a mixed cohort of cardiomyopathy etiology, mapped wavefronts, and myocardial surfaces mapped. Targeting WADLs results in low rate of VT recurrence at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Maher
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Benjamin L Freedman
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew H Locke
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert D'Angelo
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alfred E Buxton
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan W Waks
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre d'Avila
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cauti FM, Martini N, Fioravanti F, Tanese N, Magnocavallo M, Rampa L, Calore F, Scalisi G, Peretto G, Barengo A, Hadjis A, Radinovic A, Della Bella P. Analysis of electrogram peak frequency during ventricular tachycardia ablation: Insights into human tridimensional ventricular tachycardia circuits. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02697-3. [PMID: 38880202 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Martini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nikita Tanese
- Arrhythmology Department IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Rampa
- Arrhythmology Department IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Scalisi
- University of Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Arrhythmology Department IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barengo
- Arrhythmology Department IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexios Hadjis
- Division of Cardiology, Hôpital du Sacrè-Coeur de Montrèal, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Radinovic
- Arrhythmology Department IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Ciaccio EJ, Cedilnik N, Hsia HH, Biviano AB, Garan H, Yarmohammadi H. Wavefront curvature analysis derived from preprocedural imaging can identify the critical isthmus in patients with postinfarcted ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02669-9. [PMID: 38848858 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Where activation wavefront curvature is convexly shaped, functional conduction block can occur. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether left ventricular (LV) wall thickness determined from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is useful in localizing such areas in clinical postinfarction reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS We evaluated data from 6 patients who underwent catheter ablation for postinfarction VT. CT imaging with inHEART processing was conducted 1-3 days before electrophysiological (EP) study to determine LV wall thickness (T). Activation wavefront curvature was approximated as ΔT/T, where ΔT represents wall thickness change. During EP study, bipolar LV VT electrograms were acquired using a high-density mapping catheter, and activation times were determined. Maps of T, ΔT/T, and VT activation were subsequently compared using statistical analyses. RESULTS Two of 6 cases exhibited dual circuit morphologies, resulting in a total of 8 VT morphologies analyzed. The LV wall near the VT isthmus location tended to be thin, on the order of a few hundred micrometers. Regions of largest ΔT/T partially coincided with the lateral isthmus boundaries where electrical conduction block occurred during VT. ΔT/T at the boundaries, measured from imaging, was significantly larger compared to values at the isthmus midline and to the global LV mean value (P <.001). CONCLUSION Wavefront curvature measured by ΔT/T and caused by source-sink mismatch is dependent on ventricular wall thickness. Areas of high wavefront curvature partly coincide with and may be helpful in locating the VT isthmus in infarct border zones using preprocedural imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Nicolas Cedilnik
- inHEART Medical, IHU Liryc, Hopital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Henry H Hsia
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Service, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Angelo B Biviano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Ramdat Misier NL, de Groot NMS. Multimodality Assessment of Anatomical Isthmuses in Tetralogy of Fallot: Check the Weather Before Setting Sail! JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 10:867-869. [PMID: 38811069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawin L Ramdat Misier
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja M S de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Ciaccio EJ, Coromilas J, Saluja DS, Hsia HH, Peters NS, Yarmohammadi H. Sinus rhythm activation signature indicates reentrant ventricular tachycardia inducibility and approximate isthmus location. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02517-7. [PMID: 38677360 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus rhythm activation time is useful to assess infarct border zone substrate. OBJECTIVE We sought to further investigate sinus activation in ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS Canine postinfarction data were analyzed retrospectively. In each experiment, an infarct was created in the left ventricular wall by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. At 3 to 5 days after ligation, 196-312 bipolar electrograms were recorded from the anterior left ventricular epicardium overlapping the infarct border zone. Sustained monomorphic VT was induced by premature electrical stimulation in 50 experiments and was noninducible in 43 experiments. Acquired sinus rhythm and VT electrograms were marked for electrical activation time, and activation maps of representative sinus rhythm and VT cycles were constructed. The sinus rhythm activation signature was defined as the cumulative number of multielectrode recording sites that had activated per time epoch, and its derivative was used to predict VT inducibility and to define the sinus rhythm slow/late activation sequence. RESULTS Plotting mean activation signature derivative, a best cutoff value was useful to separate experiments with reentrant VT inducibility (sensitivity, 42/50) vs noninducibility (specificity, 39/43), with an accuracy of 81 of 93. For the 50 experiments with inducible VT, recording sites overlying a segment of isochrone encompassing the sinus rhythm slow/late activation sequence spanned the VT isthmus location in 32 cases (64%), partially spanned it in 15 cases (30%), but did not span it in 3 cases (6%). CONCLUSION The sinus rhythm activation signature derivative is assistive to differentiate substrate supporting reentrant VT inducibility vs noninducibility and to identify slow/late activation for targeting isthmus location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James Coromilas
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Henry H Hsia
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Service, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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De Sensi F, Penela D, Limbruno U, Berruezo A. Visualizing the unseen: lights and shadows of imaging in the electrophysiology laboratory. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:495-497. [PMID: 38088436 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Penela
- Arrhythmia Unit, Humanitas Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Limbruno
- Cardiology Department, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Antonio Berruezo
- Heart Institute, Teknon Medical Center, Carrer de Vilana 12, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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Ciaccio EJ, Saluja DS, Peters NS, Yarmohammadi H. Role of activation signatures in re-entrant ventricular tachycardia circuits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:267-277. [PMID: 38073065 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of a rapid means to verify the ventricular tachycardia (VT) isthmus location from heart surface electrogram recordings would be a helpful tool for the electrophysiologist. METHOD Myocardial infarction was induced in 22 canines by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation under general anesthesia. After 3-5 days, VT was inducible via programmed electrical stimulation at the anterior left ventricular epicardial surface. Bipolar VT electrograms were acquired from 196 to 312 recording sites using a multielectrode array. Electrograms were marked for activation time, and activation maps were constructed. The activation signal, or signature, is defined as the cumulative number of recording sites that have activated per millisecond, and it was utilized to segment each circuit into inner and outer circuit pathways, and as an estimate of best ablation lesion location to prevent VT. RESULTS VT circuit components were differentiable by activation signals as: inner pathway (mean: 0.30 sites activating/ms) and outer pathway (mean: 2.68 sites activating/ms). These variables were linearly related (p < .001). Activation signal characteristics were dependent in part upon the isthmus exit site. The inner circuit pathway determined by the activation signal overlapped and often extended beyond the activation map isthmus location for each circuit. The best lesion location estimated by the activation signal would likely block an electrical impulse traveling through the isthmus, to prevent VT in all circuits. CONCLUSIONS The activation signal algorithm, simple to implement for real-time computer display, approximates the VT isthmus location and shape as determined from activation marking, and best ablation lesion location to prevent reinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Okada M, Tanaka K, Ikada Y, Tanaka N. Annotating far-field diastolic electrograms delineates the midmyocardial isthmus in 3-dimensional ventricular tachycardia. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2023; 9:893-897. [PMID: 38204841 PMCID: PMC10774533 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okada
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ikada
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Mills MT, Luther V. Five scar patterns to reclassify the ventricular tachycardia substrate. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:2283-2285. [PMID: 37752727 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mills
- Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vishal Luther
- Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Stevenson WG, Tandri H, Roden DM. The Shape of Ventricular Tachycardia. Circulation 2023; 148:1368-1370. [PMID: 37903185 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Stevenson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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