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Fu T, Yang YQ, Tang CH, He P, Lei SF. Genetic effects and causal association analyses of 14 common conditions/diseases in multimorbidity patterns. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300740. [PMID: 38753827 PMCID: PMC11098521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity has become an important health challenge in the aging population. Accumulated evidence has shown that multimorbidity has complex association patterns, but the further mechanisms underlying the association patterns are largely unknown. METHODS Summary statistics of 14 conditions/diseases were available from the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis (LDSC) was applied to estimate the genetic correlations. Pleiotropic SNPs between two genetically correlated traits were detected using pleiotropic analysis under the composite null hypothesis (PLACO). PLACO-identified SNPs were mapped to genes by Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genome-Wide Association Studies (FUMA), and gene set enrichment analysis and tissue differential expression were performed for the pleiotropic genes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses assessed the bidirectional causality between conditions/diseases. RESULTS LDSC analyses revealed the genetic correlations for 20 pairs based on different two-disease combinations of 14 conditions/diseases, and genetic correlations for 10 pairs were significant after Bonferroni adjustment (P<0.05/91 = 5.49E-04). Significant pleiotropic SNPs were detected for 11 pairs of correlated conditions/diseases. The corresponding pleiotropic genes were differentially expressed in the brain, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and enriched in gluconeogenesis and drug metabolism, biotransformation, and neurons. Comprehensive causal analyses showed strong causality between hypertension, stroke, and high cholesterol, which drive the development of multiple diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the complex mechanisms underlying the association patterns that include the shared genetic components and causal effects among the 14 conditions/diseases. These findings have important implications for guiding the early diagnosis, management, and treatment of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Bone and Immunology between Sihong Hospital and Soochow University, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Bone and Immunology between Sihong Hospital and Soochow University, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Pei He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Bone and Immunology between Sihong Hospital and Soochow University, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Bone and Immunology between Sihong Hospital and Soochow University, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Lu M, Pan J, Hu Y, Ding L, Li Y, Cui X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li C. Advances in the study of vascular related protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109531. [PMID: 37984733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food containing multiple bioactive compounds that find widespread applications in culinary and medicinal practices. It consists of multiple chemical components, including allicin and alliin. This article offers a comprehensive review of the protective effects of garlic extracts and their active constituents on the vascular system. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that garlic extracts and their active ingredients possess various bioactive properties. These substances demonstrate beneficial effects on blood vessels by demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibiting lipid accumulation and migration, preventing lipid peroxidation, promoting angiogenesis, reducing platelet aggregation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. In clinical studies, garlic and its extracts have demonstrated their efficacy in managing vascular system diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels. In summary, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic roles and underlying mechanisms of garlic and its constituents in managing conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, and other vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Tanaka A, Taguchi I, Teragawa H, Ishizaka N, Kanzaki Y, Tomiyama H, Sata M, Sezai A, Eguchi K, Kato T, Toyoda S, Ishibashi R, Kario K, Ishizu T, Ueda S, Maemura K, Higashi Y, Yamada H, Ohishi M, Yokote K, Murohara T, Oyama JI, Node K. Febuxostat does not delay progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A randomized, controlled trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003095. [PMID: 32320401 PMCID: PMC7176100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological intervention with urate-lowering agents, such as the conventional purine analogue xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, allopurinol, has been used widely for a long period of time in clinical practice to reduce SUA levels. Febuxostat, a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of XO, has higher potency for inhibition of XO activity and greater urate-lowering efficacy than conventional allopurinol. However, clinical evidence regarding the effects of febuxostat on atherosclerosis is lacking. The purpose of the study was to test whether treatment with febuxostat delays carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) progression in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. METHODS AND FINDINGS The study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial undertaken at 48 sites throughout Japan between May 2014 and August 2018. Adults with both asymptomatic hyperuricemia (SUA >7.0 mg/dL) and maximum IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) ≥1.1 mm at screening were allocated equally using a central web system to receive either dose-titrated febuxostat (10-60 mg daily) or as a control-arm, non-pharmacological lifestyle modification for hyperuricemia, such as a healthy diet and exercise therapy. Of the 514 enrolled participants, 31 were excluded from the analysis, with the remaining 483 people (mean age 69.1 years [standard deviation 10.4 years], female 19.7%) included in the primary analysis (febuxostat group, 239; control group, 244), based on a modified intention-to-treat principal. The carotid IMT images were recorded by a single sonographer at each site and read in a treatment-blinded manner by a single analyzer at a central core laboratory. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline to 24 months in mean IMT of the CCA, determined by analysis of covariance using the allocation adjustment factors (age, gender, history of type 2 diabetes, baseline SUA, and baseline maximum IMT of the CCA) as the covariates. Key secondary endpoints included changes in other carotid ultrasonographic parameters and SUA and the incidence of clinical events. The mean values (± standard deviation) of CCA-IMT were 0.825 mm ± 0.173 mm in the febuxostat group and 0.832 mm ± 0.175 mm in the control group (mean between-group difference [febuxostat - control], -0.007 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.039 mm to 0.024 mm; P = 0.65]) at baseline; 0.832 mm ± 0.182 mm in the febuxostat group and 0.848 mm ± 0.176 mm in the control group (mean between-group difference, -0.016 mm [95% CI -0.051 mm to 0.019 mm; P = 0.37]) at 24 months. Compared with the control group, febuxostat had no significant effect on the primary endpoint (mean percentage change 1.2% [95% CI -0.6% to 3.0%] in the febuxostat group (n = 207) versus 1.4% [95% CI -0.5% to 3.3%] in the control group (n = 193); mean between-group difference, -0.2% [95% CI -2.3% to 1.9%; P = 0.83]). Febuxostat also had no effect on the other carotid ultrasonographic parameters. The mean baseline values of SUA were comparable between the two groups (febuxostat, 7.76 mg/dL ± 0.98 mg/dL versus control, 7.73 mg/dL ± 1.04 mg/dL; mean between-group difference, 0.03 mg/dL [95% CI -0.15 mg/dL to 0.21 mg/dL; P = 0.75]). The mean value of SUA at 24 months was significantly lower in the febuxostat group than in the control group (febuxostat, 4.66 mg/dL ± 1.27 mg/dL versus control, 7.28 mg/dL ± 1.27 mg/dL; mean between-group difference, -2.62 mg/dL [95% CI -2.86 mg/dL to -2.38 mg/dL; P < 0.001]). Episodes of gout arthritis occurred only in the control group (4 patients [1.6%]). There were three deaths in the febuxostat group and seven in the control group during follow-up. A limitation of the study was the study design, as it was not a placebo-controlled trial, had a relatively small sample size and a short intervention period, and only enrolled Japanese patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 24 months of febuxostat treatment did not delay carotid atherosclerosis progression, compared with non-pharmacological care. These findings do not support the use of febuxostat for delaying carotid atherosclerosis in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000012911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * E-mail: (AT); (KN)
| | - Isao Taguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sezai
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Eguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu, Japan
| | - Toru Kato
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Tochigi Medical Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishibashi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medical and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Oyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * E-mail: (AT); (KN)
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Ushakumary MG, Wang M, V H, Titus AS, Zhang J, Liu L, Monticone R, Wang Y, Mattison JA, de Cabo R, Lakatta EG, Kailasam S. Discoidin domain Receptor 2: A determinant of metabolic syndrome-associated arterial fibrosis in non-human primates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225911. [PMID: 31805124 PMCID: PMC6894805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen accumulation and remodeling in the vascular wall is a cardinal feature of vascular fibrosis that exacerbates the complications of hypertension, aging, diabetes and atherosclerosis. With no specific therapy available to date, identification of mechanisms underlying vascular fibrogenesis is an important clinical goal. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, is a determinant of arterial fibrosis. We report a significant increase in collagen type 1 levels along with collagen and ECM remodeling, degradation of elastic laminae, enhanced fat deposition and calcification in the abdominal aorta in a non-human primate model of high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFS)-induced metabolic syndrome. These changes were associated with a marked increase in DDR2. Resveratrol attenuated collagen type I deposition and remodeling induced by the HFS diet, with a concomintant reduction in DDR2. Further, in isolated rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts and VSMCs, hyperglycemia increased DDR2 and collagen type I expression via TGF-β1/SMAD2/3, which was attenuated by resveratrol. Notably, gene knockdown and overexpression approaches demonstrated an obligate role for DDR2 in hyperglycemia-induced increase in collagen type I expression in these cells. Together, our observations point to DDR2 as a hitherto unrecognized molecular link between metabolic syndrome and arterial fibrosis, and hence a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereena George Ushakumary
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harikrishnan V
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Allen Sam Titus
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yushi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shivakumar Kailasam
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Abstract
The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge about mechanisms that connect blood pressure regulation and hypercholesterolemia, the mutual interaction between hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and their influence on atherosclerosis development. Our research shows that at least one-third of the population of Western Europe has hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Several biohumoral mechanisms could explain the relationship between hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and the association between these risk factors and accelerated atherosclerosis. The most investigated mechanisms are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and increased production of endothelin-1. Arterial hypertension is frequently observed in combination with hypercholesterolemia, and this is related to accelerated atherosclerosis. Understanding the mechanisms behind this relationship could help explain the benefits of therapy that simultaneously reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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Andoh J, Sawyer B, Szewczyk K, Nortley M, Rossetti T, Loftus IM, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Hainsworth AH. Transgene delivery to endothelial cultures derived from porcine carotid artery ex vivo. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:507-14. [PMID: 24323377 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery disease is a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality. Porcine models of vascular disease are well established in vivo, but existing endothelial systems in vitro (e.g. human umbilical vein endothelial cells, rat aortic endothelial cultures) poorly reflect carotid endothelium. A reliable in vitro assay would improve design of in vivo experiments and allow reduction and refinement of animal use. This study aimed (1) to develop ex vivo endothelial cultures from porcine carotid and (2) to test whether these were suitable for lentivector-mediated transgene delivery. Surplus carotid arteries were harvested from young adult female Large White pigs within 10 min post-mortem. Small sectors of carotid artery wall (approximately 4 mm×4 mm squares) were immobilised in a stable gel matrix. Cultures were exposed to HIV-derived lentivector (LV) encoding a reporter transgene or the equivalent integration-deficient vector (IDLV). After 7-14 days in vitro, cultures were fixed and labelled histochemically. Thread-like multicellular outgrowths were observed that were positive for endothelial cell markers (CD31, VEGFR2, von Willebrand factor). A minority of cells co-labelled for smooth muscle markers. Sensitivity to cytotoxic agents (paclitaxel, cycloheximide, staurosporine) was comparable to that in cell cultures, indicating that the gel matrix permits diffusive access of small pharmacological molecules. Transgene-expressing cells were more abundant following exposure to LV than IDLV (4.7, 0.1% of cells, respectively). In conclusion, ex vivo adult porcine carotid artery produced endothelial cell outgrowths that were effectively transduced by LV. This system will facilitate translation of novel therapies to clinical trials, with reduction and refinement of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andoh
- Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, Division of Clinical Sciences, St Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Kurtel H, Rodrigues SF, Yilmaz CE, Yildirim A, Granger DN. Impaired vasomotor function induced by the combination of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:14-23. [PMID: 23321401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that endothelial function is compromised in the presence of either hypertension (HTN) or hypercholesterolemia (HCh), less is known about whether and how the combination of these risk factors (HTN+HCh) results in impaired endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD). The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of HTN+HCh on vasomotor function and to identify the mechanisms that underlie the altered vascular reactivity elicited by HTN+HCh. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasomotor responses of aortic vessels were studied in mice with diet-induced HCh and/or HTN induced by chronic administration of either angiotensin II (AngII) or deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt. HTN+HCh elicited an impairment of EDD that appeared between each risk factor alone. Incubation with catalase resulted in more severe EDD impairment. Each risk factor enhanced vascular H₂O₂ production, but a larger response was noted with HTN+HCh. An attenuated EDD was not observed in AngII type 1a receptor deficient (AT1r(-/-)) mice, but AT1r(-/-) bone marrow chimeras exhibited more profound impairment compared with wild-type. HTN+HCh does not exert an additive effect of vasomotor dysfunction compared with either risk factor alone, and both H₂O₂ and blood cell-associated AT1r contribute to the impaired EDD responses in mice with HTN+HCh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizir Kurtel
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kwak JH, Paik JK, Kim HI, Kim OY, Shin DY, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Lee JH. Dietary treatment with rice containing resistant starch improves markers of endothelial function with reduction of postprandial blood glucose and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Sider KL, Blaser MC, Simmons CA. Animal models of calcific aortic valve disease. Int J Inflam 2011; 2011:364310. [PMID: 21826258 PMCID: PMC3150155 DOI: 10.4061/2011/364310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), once thought to be a degenerative disease, is now recognized to be an active pathobiological process, with chronic inflammation emerging as a predominant, and possibly driving, factor. However, many details of the pathobiological mechanisms of CAVD remain to be described, and new approaches to treat CAVD need to be identified. Animal models are emerging as vital tools to this end, facilitated by the advent of new models and improved understanding of the utility of existing models. In this paper, we summarize and critically appraise current small and large animal models of CAVD, discuss the utility of animal models for priority CAVD research areas, and provide recommendations for future animal model studies of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Sider
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
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Abstract
Arteries experience marked variations in blood pressure and flow during the cardiac cycle that can intensify during exercise, in disease, or with aging. Diverse observations increasingly suggest the importance of such pulsatility in arterial homeostasis and adaptations. We used a transverse aortic arch banding model to quantify chronic effects of increased pulsatile pressure and flow on wall morphology, composition, and biaxial mechanical properties in paired mouse arteries: the highly pulsatile right common carotid artery proximal to the band (RCCA-B) and the nearly normal left common carotid artery distal to the band (LCCA-B). Increased pulsatile mechanical stimuli in RCCA-B increased wall thickness compared with LCCA-B, which correlated more strongly with pulse (r* = 0.632; P < 0.01) than mean (r* = 0.020; P = 0.47) or systolic (r* = 0.466; P < 0.05) pressure. Similarly, inner diameter at mean pressure increased in RCCA-B and correlated slightly more strongly with a normalized index of blood velocity pulsatility (r* = 0.915; P < <0.001) than mean flow (r* = 0.834; P < 0.001). Increased wall thickness and luminal diameter in RCCA-B resulted from significant increases in cell number per cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) and collagen-to-elastin ratio (P < 0.05) as well as a moderate (1.7-fold) increase in glycosaminoglycan content, which appears to have contributed to the significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the in-vivo axial stretch in RCCA-B compared with LCCA-B. Changes in RCCA-B also associated with a signficant increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P < 0.05) whereas LCCA-B did not. Pulsatile pressure and flow are thus important stimuli in the observed three-dimensional arterial adaptations, and there is a need for increased attention to the roles of both axial wall stress and adventitial remodeling.
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Busnelli M, Froio A, Bacci ML, Giunti M, Cerrito MG, Giovannoni R, Forni M, Gentilini F, Scagliarini A, Deleo G, Benatti C, Leone BE, Biasi GM, Lavitrano M. Pathogenetic role of hypercholesterolemia in a novel preclinical model of vascular injury in pigs. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:384-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:189-202. [PMID: 19300094 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328329fcc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arterial microvessels: an early or late sign of atherosclerosis? J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:968; author reply 968-9. [PMID: 18772074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Su Y, Liu XM, Sun YM, Wang YY, Luan Y, Wu Y. Endothelial dysfunction in impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:497-8. [PMID: 18678313 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function is present in early stages of diabetes, such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Endothelial function was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilatation and nitrate-induced dilatation of the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound. Fasting serum lipid levels were determined, and glucose and insulin values in response to a 75-g oral glucose load were also measured. The results showed the following new findings: (1) compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance, those with IFG and IGT had impaired flow-mediated dilatation, more remarkable in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus than those with IFG and IGT, and (2) flow-mediated dilatation was inversely and strongly related to the extent of hyperglycemia. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction is present in subjects with IGT and IFG, indicating endothelial damage in these stages.
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