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Ji LD, Tang NLS, Xu ZF, Xu J. Genes Regulate Blood Pressure, but "Environments" Cause Hypertension. Front Genet 2020; 11:580443. [PMID: 33240327 PMCID: PMC7680891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.580443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Dan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Nelson L S Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory for Genetics of Disease Susceptibility, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 7 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Association of Epoxide Hydrolase 2 Gene Arg287Gln with the Risk for Primary Hypertension in Chinese. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:2351547. [PMID: 32181010 PMCID: PMC7064850 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2351547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Objectives We aimed to assess the association of a missense mutation, R287Q, in EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods This study involved 782 patients with primary hypertension and 458 healthy controls. Genotyping was done using TaqMan technique. Activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase fusion proteins was evaluated by the conversion of 11,12-EET to corresponding 11,12-DHET using ELISA kit. Results After taking carriers of R287Q variant GG genotype as a reference, those with GA genotype had a significantly reduced risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.56 to 0.93, P = 0.013). Five significant risk factors were identified, including age, body mass index, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and R287Q variant. These five risk factors for hypertension were represented in a nomogram, with a descent prediction accuracy (C-index: 0.833, P = 0.013). Five significant risk factors were identified, including age, body mass index, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and R287Q variant. These five risk factors for hypertension were represented in a nomogram, with a descent prediction accuracy (C-index: 0.833, Conclusions We provide evidence that R287Q mutation in EPHX2 gene was associated with reduced risk of primary hypertension and low activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase.EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Abstract
It has long been known that genetic factors play a major role in determining an individual's propensity to hypertension. In recent years, there has been major progress towards realizing the goal of identifying the specific genetic factors that lead to alterations in blood pressure. Of particular note, new genes regulating renal sodium handling and aldosterone regulation have been discovered via the study of rare Mendelian disorders. Similarly, a number of large genome-wide association studies have been completed, which have added to our understanding as well. Here, recent progress in the genetics of hypertension will be reviewed, with an emphasis towards highlighting specific areas where clinical practice has already or will soon be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Geller
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, PO Box 208029, New Haven, CT, 06520-8029, USA.
- West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Abstract
During the past 20 years, the studies on genetics or pharmacogenomics of primary hypertension provided interesting results supporting the role of genetics, but no actionable finding ready to be translated into personalized medicine. Two types of approaches have been applied: a "hypothesis-driven" approach on the candidate genes, coding for proteins involved in the biochemical machinery underlying the regulation of BP, and an "unbiased hypothesis-free" approach with GWAS, based on the randomness principles of frequentist statistics. During the past 10-15 years, the application of the latter has overtaken the application of the former leading to an enlargement of the number of previously unknown candidate loci or genes but without any actionable result for the therapy of hypertension. In the present review, we summarize the results of our hypothesis-driven approach based on studies carried out in rats with genetic hypertension and in humans with essential hypertension at the pre-hypertensive and early hypertensive stages. These studies led to the identification of mutant adducin and endogenous ouabain as candidate genetic-molecular mechanisms in both species. Rostafuroxin has been developed for its ability to selectively correct Na(+) pump abnormalities sustained by the two abovementioned mechanisms and to selectively reduce BP in rats and in humans carrying the gene variants underlying the mutant adducin and endogenous ouabain (EO) effects. A clinical trial is ongoing to substantiate these findings. Future studies should apply both the candidate gene and GWAS approaches to fully exploit the potential of genetics in optimizing the personalized therapy.
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Nie Y, Kumarasamy S, Waghulde H, Cheng X, Mell B, Czernik PJ, Lecka-Czernik B, Joe B. High-resolution mapping of a novel rat blood pressure locus on chromosome 9 to a region containing the Spp2 gene and colocalization of a QTL for bone mass. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:409-19. [PMID: 27113531 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00004.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Through linkage analysis of the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait locus (QTL) was previously located on rat chromosome 9. Subsequent substitution mapping studies of this QTL revealed multiple BP QTLs within the originally identified logarithm of odds plot by linkage analysis. The focus of this study was on a 14.39 Mb region, the distal portion of which remained unmapped in our previous studies. High-resolution substitution mapping for a BP QTL in the setting of a high-salt diet indicated that an SHR-derived congenic segment of 787.9 kb containing the gene secreted phosphoprotein-2 (Spp2) lowered BP and urinary protein excretion. A nonsynonymous G/T polymorphism in the Spp2 gene was detected between the S and S.SHR congenic rats. A survey of 45 strains showed that the T allele was rare, being detected only in some substrains of SHR and WKY. Protein modeling prediction through SWISSPROT indicated that the predicted protein product of this variant was significantly altered. Importantly, in addition to improved cardiovascular and renal function, high salt-fed congenic animals carrying the SHR T variant of Spp2 had significantly lower bone mass and altered bone microarchitecture. Total bone volume and volume of trabecular bone, cortical thickness, and degree of mineralization of cortical bone were all significantly reduced in congenic rats. Our study points to opposing effects of a congenic segment containing the prioritized candidate gene Spp2 on BP and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Piotr J Czernik
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; and Department of Orthopedics, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; and Department of Orthopedics, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio;
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Zhang M, Han Z, Yan Z, Cui Q, Jiang Y, Gao M, Yu W, Hua J, Huang H. Genetic variants of the class A scavenger receptor gene are associated with essential hypertension in Chinese. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1891-7. [PMID: 26716027 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The class A scavenger receptor, which is encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) gene, is a pattern recognition receptor (PPR) primarily expressed in macrophages. It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms of MSR1 are significantly associated with many cardiovascular events. However, whether it links genetically to essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese is not defined. METHODS We performed an independent case-control study in a Chinese population consisting of 617 EH cases and 620 controls by genotyping three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MSR1. RESULTS We found that rs13306541 and rs3747531 were significantly associated with an increased risk of EH with per allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-2.09; P<0.001] and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.09-1.52; P=0.003), respectively. Individuals with 2-4 risk alleles had a 2.03-fold (95% CI: 1.48-2.78) increased risk of EH compared with those having none of the risk alleles (P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that genetic variants of MSR1 may serve as predictive markers for the risk of EH in combination with traditional risk factors of EH in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhijun Han
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zihe Yan
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Qichen Cui
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Wei Yu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jun Hua
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China, 3 Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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Büsst CJ. Blood pressure regulation via the epithelial sodium channel: from gene to kidney and beyond. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:495-503. [PMID: 23710770 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has long been recognized as playing a vital role in blood pressure (BP) regulation due to its involvement in fluid balance. The genes encoding the three ENaC subunits are likewise important contributors to hypertension, both in rare monogenic diseases and in the general population. The unusually high numbers of genetic variants associated with complex traits, including BP, that are located in non-coding areas suggest an involvement of these variants in regulatory functions. This may involve differential regulation of expression in different tissues. Emerging evidence indicates that the ENaC plays an important role in BP determination not only via its actions in the kidney, but also in other tissues commonly involved in BP regulation. The ENaC in the central nervous system is proposed to regulate BP via sympathetic nervous system activity. Recent evidence suggests that the ENaC contributes to vascular function and the myogenic response. Additional roles potentially include initiation of the baroreceptor reflex via ENaC in the baroreceptors and driving high salt intake with a 'taste for salt' via ENaC in the tongue. The present review describes the involvement of the ENaC in the determination of BP at a genetic and physiological level, detailing recent evidence for its role in the kidney and in other pertinent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Büsst
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Melbourne and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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PRAVENEC M, KŘEN V, LANDA V, MLEJNEK P, MUSILOVÁ A, ŠILHAVÝ J, ŠIMÁKOVÁ M, ZÍDEK V. Recent Progress in the Genetics of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S1-8. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely used animal model of essential hypertension and accompanying metabolic disturbances. Recent advances in sequencing of genomes of BN-Lx and SHR progenitors of the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains as well as accumulation of multiple data sets of intermediary phenotypes in the RI strains, including mRNA and microRNA abundance, quantitative metabolomics, proteomics, methylomics or histone modifications, will make it possible to systematically search for genetic variants involved in regulation of gene expression and in the etiology of complex pathophysiological traits. New advances in manipulation of the rat genome, including efficient transgenesis and gene targeting, will enable in vivo functional analyses of selected candidate genes to identify QTL at the molecular level or to provide insight into mechanisms whereby targeted genes affect pathophysiological traits in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. PRAVENEC
- Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Andreassen OA, McEvoy LK, Thompson WK, Wang Y, Reppe S, Schork AJ, Zuber V, Barrett-Connor E, Gautvik K, Aukrust P, Karlsen TH, Djurovic S, Desikan RS, Dale AM. Identifying common genetic variants in blood pressure due to polygenic pleiotropy with associated phenotypes. Hypertension 2014; 63:819-26. [PMID: 24396023 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure is a critical determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is affected by environmental factors, but has a strong heritable component. Despite recent large genome-wide association studies, few genetic risk factors for blood pressure have been identified. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between blood pressure and several diseases and traits, which may partly arise from a shared genetic basis (genetic pleiotropy). Using genome-wide association studies summary statistics and a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate method, we systematically investigated genetic overlap between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 12 comorbid traits and diseases. We found significant enrichment of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SBP as a function of their association with body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, waist/hip ratio, schizophrenia, bone mineral density, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. In contrast, the magnitude of enrichment due to shared polygenic effects was smaller with the other phenotypes (triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and height). Applying the conditional false discovery rate method to the enriched phenotypes, we identified 62 loci associated with SBP (false discovery rate <0.01), including 42 novel loci. The observed polygenic overlap between SBP and several related disorders indicates that the epidemiological associations are not mediated solely via lifestyle factors but also reflect an etiologic relation that warrants further investigation. The new gene loci identified implicate novel genetic mechanisms related to lipid biology and the immune system in SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite C101, La Jolla, CA 92037-0841. ; and Ole A. Andreassen, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Email
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Schwinn D, Kleine-Brueggeney M, Oganesian A. Genomic Medicine. Anesth Analg 2013. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31829ec0c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hall JE, Granger JP, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Dubinion J, George E, Hamza S, Speed J, Hall ME. Hypertension: physiology and pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:2393-442. [PMID: 23720252 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension and availability of effective and safe antihypertensive drugs, suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control is still the most important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and is globally responsible for more than 7 million deaths annually. Short-term and long-term BP regulation involve the integrated actions of multiple cardiovascular, renal, neural, endocrine, and local tissue control systems. Clinical and experimental observations strongly support a central role for the kidneys in the long-term regulation of BP, and abnormal renal-pressure natriuresis is present in all forms of chronic hypertension. Impaired renal-pressure natriuresis and chronic hypertension can be caused by intrarenal or extrarenal factors that reduce glomerular filtration rate or increase renal tubular reabsorption of salt and water; these factors include excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, endothelin, and inflammatory cytokines, or decreased synthesis of nitric oxide and various natriuretic factors. In human primary (essential) hypertension, the precise causes of impaired renal function are not completely understood, although excessive weight gain and dietary factors appear to play a major role since hypertension is rare in nonobese hunter-gathers living in nonindustrialized societies. Recent advances in genetics offer opportunities to discover gene-environment interactions that may also contribute to hypertension, although success thus far has been limited mainly to identification of rare monogenic forms of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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Ji L, Cai X, Zhang L, Fei L, Wang L, Su J, Lazar L, Xu J, Zhang Y. Association between polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and essential hypertension in the Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72701. [PMID: 24015270 PMCID: PMC3756014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the most important endocrine blood pressure control mechanism in our body, genes encoding components of this system have been strong candidates for the investigation of the genetic basis of hypertension. However, previous studies mainly focused on limited polymorphisms, thus we carried out a case-control study in the Han Chinese population to systemically investigate the association between polymorphisms in the RAAS genes and essential hypertension. METHODS 905 essential hypertensive cases and 905 normotensive controls were recruited based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 41 tagSNPs within RAAS genes were retrieved from HapMap, and the genotyping was performed using the GenomeLab SNPstream Genotyping System. Logistic regression analysis, Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), stratified analysis and crossover analysis were used to identify and characterize interactions among the SNPs and the non-genetic factors. RESULTS Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group. Of 41 SNPs genotyped, rs3789678 and rs2493132 within AGT, rs4305 within ACE, rs275645 within AGTR1, rs3802230 and rs10086846 within CYP11B2 were shown to associate with hypertension. The MDR analysis demonstrated that the interaction between BMI and rs4305 increased the susceptibility to hypertension. Crossover analysis and stratified analysis further indicated that BMI has a major effect, and rs4305 has a minor effect. CONCLUSION These novel findings indicated that together with non-genetic factors, these genetic variants in the RAAS may play an important role in determining an individual's susceptibility to hypertension in the Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lijuan Fei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ningbo No.1 Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lissy Lazar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (YZ)
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (YZ)
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Wilson CP, McNulty H, Ward M, Strain J, Trouton TG, Hoeft BA, Weber P, Roos FF, Horigan G, McAnena L, Scott JM. Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensive Individuals With theMTHFR677TT Genotype Is Responsive to Intervention With Riboflavin. Hypertension 2013; 61:1302-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol P. Wilson
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Helene McNulty
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Mary Ward
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - J.J. Strain
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Tom G. Trouton
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Birgit A. Hoeft
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Peter Weber
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Franz F. Roos
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Geraldine Horigan
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - Liadhan McAnena
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
| | - John M. Scott
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (C.P.W., H.M., M.W., J.J.S., G.H., L.M.); Cardiac Unit, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland (T.G.T.); School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (J.M.S.); and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland (B.A.H., P.W., F.F.R.)
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15
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Hu G, Xu X, Liang X, Yang X, Zhang J, Simayi Z, Chen Y. Associations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and electrolyte levels with essential hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1439-1443. [PMID: 23737895 PMCID: PMC3671822 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations among the levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and electrolytes and essential hypertension (EH) in Uygur, Han and Kazakh populations in Xinjiang. A total of 724 hypertensive participants of different ethnicities from Xinjiang (208 Uygur, 287 Han and 229 Kazakh) and 741 normal controls (208 Uygur, 267 Han and 266 Kazakh) were enrolled. The associations of ANP with serum potassium, serum sodium and blood pressure were assessed. In the normal control (NT) group, the concentration of ANP was higher in the Uygur population than in the Han population, and the concentration in the Han population was higher than that in the Kazakh population (P<0.05). In the EH group, the serum potassium levels of the Uygur and Han populations were higher than that of the Kazakh population (P<0.05). The ANP concentration in the Uygur ethnic group was higher than that in the Han population, which was in turn higher than that in the Kazakh participants (P<0.05). In the Kazakh population, the serum potassium level was significantly lower in the EH group compared with that in the NT group (P<0.05). The serum potassium level was significantly lower and the ANP concentration significantly higher in the EH group compared with those of NT groups in the Uygur and Han populations (P<0.05). Age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with hypertension in the Uygur, Han and Kazakh populations. Low serum potassium may be a risk factor of hypertension in individuals of Uygur and Kazakh ethnicity. Plasma ANP may be a regulatory factor involved in the development of hypertension in Uygur and Han populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH (B.J., J.I.S.) ; Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH (B.J., J.I.S.)
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Padmanabhan S, Newton-Cheh C, Dominiczak AF. Genetic basis of blood pressure and hypertension. Trends Genet 2012; 28:397-408. [PMID: 22622230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a complex trait regulated by an intricate network of physiological pathways involving extracellular fluid volume homeostasis, cardiac contractility and vascular tone through renal, neural or endocrine systems. Untreated high BP, or hypertension (HTN), is associated with increased mortality, and thus a better understanding of the pathophysiological and genetic underpinnings of BP regulation will have a major impact on public health. However, identifying genes that contribute to BP and HTN has proved challenging. In this review we describe our current understanding of the genetic architecture of BP and HTN, which has accelerated over the past five years primarily owing to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the continuing progress in uncovering rare gene mutations, epigenetic markers and regulatory pathways involved in the physiology of BP. We also look ahead to future studies characterizing novel pathways that affect BP and HTN and discuss strategies for translating current findings to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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18
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Delles C, Padmanabhan S. Genetics and hypertension: is it time to change my practice? Can J Cardiol 2012; 28:296-304. [PMID: 22482397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genotyping technology and in particular a number of large-scale genome-wide association studies have helped to unravel the genetic basis of hypertension. Although our knowledge is still far from being complete it is important to ask how genetic findings could be translated to clinical practice. In a first step we summarize the strategies to dissect the genetics of hypertension from candidate gene studies to genome-wide association studies and recent sequencing experiments. The greatest hope in this context is the development of new drugs that are based on newly discovered pathophysiological principles. We describe examples where significant therapeutic effects are achieved with agents targeting pathways that contribute only small amounts to the genetic variability of a phenotype. There are good reasons to believe that new drugs will be developed based on genetic data in hypertension. We also highlight the potential for pharmacogenetics and risk stratification. The former is not currently supported by a larger body of evidence, but well designed studies are under way. The latter needs to follow the same principles for evaluation of other novel biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and is unlikely to influence clinical practice in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Nabika T, Ohara H, Kato N, Isomura M. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat: still a useful model for post-GWAS genetic studies? Hypertens Res 2012; 35:477-84. [PMID: 22399095 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is a unique genetic model of severe hypertension and cerebral stroke. SHRSP, as well as the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the parental strain of SHRSP, has made a tremendous contribution to cardiovascular research. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying hypertension and stroke in these rats have not yet been clarified. Recent studies using whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive gene expression analyses combined with classical quantitative trait loci analyses provided several candidate genes, such as Ephx2, Gstm1 and Slc34a1, which still need further evidence to define their pathological roles. Currently, genome-wide association studies can directly identify candidate genes for hypertension in the human genome. Thus, genetic studies in SHRSP and other rat models must be focused on the pathogenetic roles of 'networks of interacting genes' in hypertension, instead of searching for individual candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Ji LD, Zhang LN, Xu J. Genome-wide association studies of hypertension: Achievements, difficulties and strategies. World J Hypertens 2011; 1:10-14. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v1.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimated from family studies, the heritability of hypertension ranges from 31% to 68%. Linkage studies and candidate gene association studies were once widely used to investigate the genetic mechanisms of hypertension. However, results from these studies could only explain 1%-2% heritability. With the technological advances and subsequently the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project, genome-wide association studies (GWA studies) have been applied to find genome-wide significant signals for many common diseases. Current GWA studies of hypertension have identified dozens of hypertension or blood pressure associated variants. However, different GWA study identified different variants and the results could hardly be replicated in other studies. Therefore, a debate took place on whether GWA studies will unlock the genetic basis of hypertension and whether we shall continue throwing millions of dollars on GWA studies. This review gives a short introduction to the history of genetic study on hypertension and summarizes the current findings for GWA studies of hypertension or blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss that debate and try to find alternative strategies and technologies that may hold a greater chance to make progress in understanding the genetic risk factors of hypertension and blood pressure regulation.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:231-4. [PMID: 21844704 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283473d73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inherited forms of mineralocorticoid hypertension are a group of monogenic disorders that, although rare, have enlightened our understanding of normal physiology, and subsequent processes implicated in the pathogenesis of 'essential' hypertension. They often present in early life and can be a cause of major morbidity and mortality that can be effectively treated with simple but targeted pharmacological therapy. Interestingly, all the conditions centre on the regulation of sodium transport through its epithelial channel, either directly or through mediators that act via the mineralocorticoid receptor. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, molecular mechanisms of these conditions and their functional consequences have been elucidated. Diagnosis has been facilitated by plasma and urinary biomarkers. SUMMARY We provide an overview and diagnostic approach to apparent mineralocorticoid excess, glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, familial hyperaldosteronism type 2, Liddle's syndrome, Gordon's syndrome, activating mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, generalized glucocorticoid resistance and hypertensive forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hassan-Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants associated with blood pressure variation in east Asians. Nat Genet 2011; 43:531-8. [PMID: 21572416 DOI: 10.1038/ng.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in 19,608 subjects of east Asian ancestry from the AGEN-BP consortium followed up with de novo genotyping (n = 10,518) and further replication (n = 20,247) in east Asian samples. We identified genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) associations with SBP or DBP, which included variants at four new loci (ST7L-CAPZA1, FIGN-GRB14, ENPEP and NPR3) and a newly discovered variant near TBX3. Among the five newly discovered variants, we obtained significant replication in the independent samples for all of these loci except NPR3. We also confirmed seven loci previously identified in populations of European descent. Moreover, at 12q24.13 near ALDH2, we observed strong association signals (P = 7.9 × 10(-31) and P = 1.3 × 10(-35) for SBP and DBP, respectively) with ethnic specificity. These findings provide new insights into blood pressure regulation and potential targets for intervention.
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Niu W. The Relationship between Natriuretic Peptide Precursor a Gene T2238C Polymorphism and Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:653698. [PMID: 21747981 PMCID: PMC3124683 DOI: 10.4061/2011/653698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single studies attempting to associate ANP gene T2238C (rs5065) polymorphism with hypertension have so far reported inconclusive results. We therefore aimed to evaluate this association via a meta-analysis. Data on 7 studies with a total of 4068 subjects were available and analyzed using the random-effects model with assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. Overall comparison of 2238C with 2238T yielded a 23% reduced, albeit nonsignificant, risk for hypertension (95% CI: 0.38–1.59;P=.485), while accompanying significant heterogeneity (I2=88.3%) and publication bias (P=.051). Subgroup analysis by study design demonstrated opposite associations between population-based (OR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.13–0.80;P=.015) and hospital-based studies (OR=1.15; 95% CI: 0.79–1.68;P=.454). Further meta-regression analysis exclusively indicated the significant influence of study design (P=.042) on heterogeneity. Taken together, these findings support the notion that carriers of 2238C allele were at moderate decreased risk of developing hypertension, whereas study design was identified as a potentially significant source of between-study heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Second Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing South Road 225, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Second Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
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