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Schuman ML, Peres Diaz LS, Aisicovich M, Ingallina F, Toblli JE, Landa MS, García SI. Cardiac Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone Inhibition Improves Ventricular Function and Reduces Hypertrophy and Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Card Fail 2021; 27:796-807. [PMID: 33865967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide with still unknown functions. We demonstrated that the left ventricle (LV) TRH system is hyperactivated in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its inhibition prevented cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated whether in vivo cardiac TRH inhibition could improve myocardial function and attenuate ventricular remodeling in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS In Wistar rats, MI was induced by a permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. A coronary injection of a specific small interfering RNA against TRH was applied simultaneously. The control group received a scrambled small interfering RNA. Cardiac remodeling variables were evaluated one week later. In MI rats, TRH inhibition decreased LV end-diastolic (1.049 ± 0.102 mL vs 1.339 ± 0.102 mL, P < .05), and end-systolic volumes (0.282 ± 0.043 mL vs 0.515 ± 0.037 mL, P < .001), and increased LV ejection fraction (71.89 ± 2.80% vs 65.69 ± 2.85%, P < .05). Although both MI groups presented similar infarct size, small interfering RNA against TRH treatment attenuated the cardiac hypertrophy index and myocardial interstitial collagen deposition in the peri-infarct myocardium. These effects were accompanied by attenuation in the rise of transforming growth factor-β, collagen I, and collagen III, as well as the fetal genes (atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, and beta myosin heavy chain) expression in the peri-infarct region. In addition, the expression of Hif1α and vascular endothelial growth factor significantly increased compared with all groups. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac TRH inhibition improves LV systolic function and attenuates ventricular remodeling after MI. These novel findings support the idea that TRH inhibition may serve as a new therapeutic strategy against the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano L Schuman
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Cardiology, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludmila S Peres Diaz
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Cardiology, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Aisicovich
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Cardiology, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Ingallina
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research "Alfredo Lanari," Department of Cardiology, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Landa
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Cardiology, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I García
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Cardiology, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Schuman ML, Peres Diaz LS, Landa MS, Toblli JE, Cao G, Alvarez AL, Finkielman S, Pirola CJ, García SI. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone overexpression induces structural changes of the left ventricle in the normal rat heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1667-74. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00494.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) hyperactivity has been observed in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Its long-term inhibition suppresses the development of hypertrophy, specifically preventing fibrosis. The presence of diverse systemic abnormalities in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts has raised the question of whether specific TRH overexpression might be capable of inducing structural changes in favor of the hypertrophic phenotype in normal rat hearts. We produced TRH overexpression in normal rats by injecting into their left ventricular wall a plasmid driving expression of the preproTRH gene (PCMV-TRH). TRH content and expression of preproTRH, collagen type III, brain natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain, Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 were measured. The overexpression maneuver was a success, as we found a significant increase in both tripeptide and preproTRH mRNA levels in the PCMV-TRH group compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical staining against TRH showed markedly positive brown signals only in the PCMV-TRH group. TRH overexpression induced a significant increase in fibrosis, evident in the increase of collagen type III expression accompanied by a significant increase in extracellular matrix expansion. We found a significant increase in brain natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain expression (recognized markers of hypertrophy). Moreover, TRH overexpression induced a slight but significant increase in myocyte diameter, indicating the onset of cell hypertrophy. We confirmed the data “in vitro” using primary cardiac cell cultures (fibroblasts and myocytes). In conclusion, these results show that a specific TRH increase in the left ventricle induced structural changes in the normal heart, thus making the cardiac TRH system a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano L. Schuman
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari,” Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludmila S. Peres Diaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari,” Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S. Landa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari,” Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research Lanari, Buenos Aires University and Argentinian National Council of Research and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Jorge E. Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azucena L. Alvarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research Lanari, Buenos Aires University and Argentinian National Council of Research and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Samuel Finkielman
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari,” Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J. Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research Lanari, Buenos Aires University and Argentinian National Council of Research and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Silvia I. García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari,” Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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