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Faisal I, Cisneros-Montalvo S, Hamer G, Tuominen MM, Laurila PP, Tumiati M, Jauhiainen M, Kotaja N, Toppari J, Mäkelä JA, Kauppi L. Transcription Factor USF1 Is Required for Maintenance of Germline Stem Cells in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1119-1136. [PMID: 30759202 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A prerequisite for lifelong sperm production is that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation, yet factors required for this balance remain largely undefined. Using mouse genetics, we now demonstrate that the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1 is critical for the maintenance of SSCs. We show that USF1 is not only detected in Sertoli cells as previously reported, but also in SSCs. Usf1-deficient mice display progressive spermatogenic decline as a result of age-dependent loss of SSCs. According to our data, the germ cell defect in Usf1-/- mice cannot be attributed to impairment of Sertoli cell development, maturation, or function, but instead is likely due to an inability of SSCs to maintain a quiescent state. SSCs of Usf1-/- mice undergo continuous proliferation, which provides an explanation for their age-dependent depletion. The proliferation-coupled exhaustion of SSCs in turn results in progressive degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium, gradual decrease in sperm production, and testicular atrophy. We conclude that the general transcription factor USF1 is indispensable for the proper maintenance of mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrul Faisal
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheyla Cisneros-Montalvo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Geert Hamer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Minna M Tuominen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuela Tumiati
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu X, Xu H, Qimuge A, Liu S, Wang H, Hu M, Song L. MAPK/AP-1 pathway activation mediates AT1R upregulation and vascular endothelial cells dysfunction under PM2.5 exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:188-194. [PMID: 30529618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is associated with adverse health effect upon the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, the molecular mechanism by which PM2.5 evokes CV injuries has not been fully clarified. In our recent report, we demonstrate that exposure to PM2.5 leads to elevation of circulating angiotensin II (ANGII) levels and local expressions of angiotensinogen (AGT, the precursor of ANGII), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the vascular endothelial cells, which subsequently instigates the oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the vascular endothelium. In the present study, we disclosed that PM2.5 exposure induced the activation of the transcriptional factor AP-1 and its components, c-Jun and ATF2, in the human vascular endothelial cells. Although the DNA-binding sites for AP-1 were identified within the promoter regions of AGT, ACE and AT1R genes, RT-PCR and immunoblot assays indicated that AP-1 transactivation was only involved in AT1R upregulation, but did not affect the induction of AGT and ACE expression under the same conditions. Furthermore, ERKs and p38K functioned as the upstream protein kinases involving in AP-1 transactivation and AT1R upregulation under PM2.5 stimulation. In addition, the oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses in the PM2.5-treated vascular endothelial cells were significantly reduced when MAPKs and AP-1 activation were inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that PM2.5 exposure induces MAPK/AP-1 cascade activation, which contributes to AT1R upregulation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Identifying novel therapeutic targets to alleviate AP-1 transactivation and restore AT1R expression may be helpful for the management of PM2.5-induced CV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuduan Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Aodeng Qimuge
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Department of New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, PR China.
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Xu X, Qimuge A, Wang H, Xing C, Gu Y, Liu S, Xu H, Hu M, Song L. IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR links HIF1α activation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction under particulate matter (PM) 2.5 exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13507. [PMID: 29044123 PMCID: PMC5647447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 instigates adverse health effect upon the cardiovascular (CV) system. Disclosing the molecular events by which PM2.5 evokes CV injuries is essential in developing effective risk-reduction strategy. Here we found that rats after intratracheally instillation with PM2.5 displayed increased circulating level of ANGII, the major bioactive peptide in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), which resulted from the elevation of ANGII production in the vascular endothelium. Further investigations demonstrated that activation of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) was essential for augmented vascular ANGII signaling in response to PM2.5 exposure, whose effects strictly depends on the assembly of XBP1s/HIF1α transcriptional complex. Moreover, ablation of IRE1/XBP1/HIFα-dependent ACE/ANGII/AT1R axis activation inhibited oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the vascular endothelial cells induced by PM2.5. Therefore, we conclude that PM2.5 exposure instigates endoplasmic reticulum instability, leading to the induction of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR and links HIF1α transactivation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Identifying novel therapeutic targets to alleviate ER stress and restore local RAS homeostasis in the endothelium may be helpful for the management of PM2.5-induced CV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuduan Xu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA, 21 General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aodeng Qimuge
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China. .,Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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Sapouckey SA, Deng G, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Potential mechanisms of hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system activation by leptin and DOCA-salt for the control of resting metabolism. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:722-732. [PMID: 28986397 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00087.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), originally described as a circulating hormone system, is an enzymatic cascade in which the final vasoactive peptide angiotensin II (ANG) regulates cardiovascular, hydromineral, and metabolic functions. The RAS is also synthesized locally in a number of tissues including the brain, where it can act in a paracrine fashion to regulate blood pressure, thirst, fluid balance, and resting energy expenditure/resting metabolic rate (RMR). Recent studies demonstrate that ANG AT1A receptors (Agtr1a) specifically in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) coordinate autonomic and energy expenditure responses to various stimuli including deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt, high-fat feeding, and leptin. It remains unclear, however, how these disparate stimuli converge upon and activate this specific population of AT1A receptors in AgRP neurons. We hypothesize that these stimuli may act to stimulate local expression of the angiotensinogen (AGT) precursor for ANG, or the expression of AT1A receptors, and thereby local activity of the RAS within the (ARC). Here we review mechanisms that may control AGT and AT1A expression within the central nervous system, with a particular focus on mechanisms activated by steroids, dietary fat, and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sapouckey
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Hypertension Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; .,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Hypertension Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and.,Obesity Research & Education Initiative, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Xu X, Liu S, Aodengqimuge, Wang H, Hu M, Xing C, Song L. Arsenite Induces Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Activating IRE1α/XBP1s/HIF1α-Dependent ANGII Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:315-328. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Bourgeois CT, Satou R, Prieto MC. HDAC9 is an epigenetic repressor of kidney angiotensinogen establishing a sex difference. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:18. [PMID: 28572913 PMCID: PMC5450130 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual difference has been shown in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease induced by hypertension. Females are protected from hypertension and related end-organ damage. Augmentation of renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) expression can promote intrarenal angiotensin formation and the development of associated hypertension and kidney injury. Female rodents exhibit lower intrarenal AGT levels than males under normal conditions, suggesting that the suppressed intrarenal AGT production by programmed mechanisms in females may provide protection from these diseases. This study was performed to examine whether epigenetic mechanisms serve as repressors of AGT. Methods Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to investigate sex differences of systemic, hepatic, and intrarenal AGT levels. All histone deacetylase (HDAC) mRNA levels in the kidneys were determined using a PCR array. HDAC9 protein expression in the kidneys and cultured renal proximal tubular cells (PTC) was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The effects of HDAC9 on AGT expression were evaluated by using an inhibitor and siRNA. ChIP assay was performed to investigate the interaction between the AGT promoter and HDAC9. Results Plasma and liver AGT levels did not show differences between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, females exhibited lower AGT levels than males in the renal cortex and urine. In the absence of supplemented sex hormones, primary cultured renal cortical cells isolated from female rats sustained lower AGT levels than those from males, suggesting that the kidneys have a unique mechanism of AGT regulation controlled by epigenetic factors rather than sex hormones. HDAC9 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the renal cortex of female rats versus male rats (7.09 ± 0.88, ratio to male) while other HDACs did not exhibit a sex difference. HDAC9 expression was localized in PTC which are the primary source of intrarenal AGT. Importantly, HDAC9 knockdown augmented AGT mRNA (1.92 ± 0.35-fold) and protein (2.25 ± 0.50-fold) levels, similar to an HDAC9 inhibitor. Furthermore, an interaction between HDAC9 and a distal 5’ flanking region of AGT via a histone complex containing H3 and H4 was demonstrated. Conclusions These results indicate that HDAC9 is a novel suppressing factor involved in AGT regulation in PTC, leading to low levels of intrarenal AGT in females. These findings will help to delineate mechanisms underlying sex differences in the development of hypertension and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille T Bourgeois
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
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Machal J, Novak J, Hezova R, Zlamal F, Vasku A, Slaby O, Bienertova-Vasku J. Polymorphism in miR-31 and miR-584 binding site in the angiotensinogen gene differentially influences body fat distribution in both sexes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:488. [PMID: 26319141 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT), its active fragments and microRNA-31 (miR-31) play an important role in adipocyte differentiation. AGT contains a miR-31 polymorphic binding site. We hypothesize that the rs7079 polymorphism in the miR-31/584 binding site of the AGT gene could influence body fat distribution. A total of 751 subjects (195 men, 556 women) were enrolled in the study. The rs7079 genotypes were determined by qRT-PCR. Anthropometric measurements were taken on all subjects, who were subsequently divided into two groups: obese (>30 kg m(-2)) and non-obese (<30 kg m(-2)). Linear regression models were created to determine the contributions of sex, obesity status and rs7079 to all measured parameters. Adding the rs7079 genotype significantly contributed to the linear regression model for waist circumference (p = 0.013), hip circumference (p = 0.018) and supraspinal skin-fold thickness (p = 1 × 10(-3)). Differences between sexes and between the obese and non-obese groups were observed. Waist circumference was lower in men carrying the A allele (p = 0.022); hip circumference was higher only in obese women carrying the A allele (p = 0.015). While men carrying the A allele had lower supraspinal skin-fold thickness (p = 0.022), this parameter was found to be higher in A allele carrying women (p = 3 × 10(-3)). The higher total sum of skin-fold thickness in A allele carrying women was restricted to obese individuals (p = 0.028). The presence of the A allele was associated with both lower tricipital skin-fold thickness in non-obese women (p = 0.023) and a trend of higher thickness in non-obese men (p = 0.065). Significant associations of rs7079 in the AGT gene and body fat distribution were observed. The distribution followed opposing patterns in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Machal
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Song HJ, Paek YJ, Choi MK, Lee HJ. Gender differences in the relationship between risk of hypertension and fruit intake. Prev Med 2014; 67:154-9. [PMID: 25045835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hypertension and fruit intake in an Asian population. METHOD This study was based on the data from 2007, 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the final analysis, a total of 9791 subjects (men=3819, women=5972) were included. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were assessed using 24-h recall. The odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were assessed by using logistic regression and multivariable models. RESULTS A total of 10.6% of individuals were classified as having hypertension. Compared with the lowest quintile of fruit intake, the fifth quintile showed the lowest likelihood of hypertension (OR 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88) after adjusting for age and gender. For women, the likelihood of hypertension in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th quintiles of fruit intake decreased to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.34-1.30), 0.76 (0.56-1.05), 0.90 (0.67-1.22) and 0.54 (0.38-0.77), respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors (P value for trend=0.0011). An inverse association of fruit intake and hypertension was shown only in non-obese women. For men and obese women, there was no relationship between fruit intake and hypertension. CONCLUSION Dietary fruit recommendation for hypertension should be taken into account together with ethnic background, gender as well as the presence of obesity in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
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Mehta NS, Wang L, Redei EE. Sex differences in depressive, anxious behaviors and hippocampal transcript levels in a genetic rat model. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:695-704. [PMID: 23876038 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, debilitating illness with high prevalence of comorbid anxiety. The incidence of depression and of comorbid anxiety is much higher in women than in men. These gender biases appear after puberty and their etiology is mostly unknown. Selective breeding of the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain, an accepted model of adult and adolescent depression, resulted in two fully inbred substrains. Adult WKY more immobile (WMI) rats of both sexes consistently show increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test when compared with the control WKY less immobile (WLI) strain. In contrast, here we show that while adult female WMIs and WLIs both display high anxiety-like behaviors, only WLI males, but not WMI males, show this behavior. Moreover, the behavioral profile of WMI males is consistent from early adolescence to adulthood, but the high depression- and anxiety-like behaviors of the female WMIs appear only in adulthood. These sex-specific behavioral patterns are paralleled by marked sex differences in hippocampal gene expression differences established by genome-wide transcriptional analyses of 13th generation WMIs and WLIs. Moreover, sex- and age-specific differences in transcript levels of selected genes are present in the hippocampus of the current, fully inbred WMIs and WLIs. Thus, the contribution of specific genes and/or the influence of the gonadal hormonal environment to depression- and anxiety-like behaviors may differ between male and female WMIs, resulting in their distinct behavioral and transcriptomic profiles despite shared sequences of the somatic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Norman and Helen Asher Center for the Study of Depressive Disorders
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Matsuda M, Tamura K, Wakui H, Maeda A, Ohsawa M, Kanaoka T, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Tsurumi-Ikeya Y, Toya Y, Maeshima Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S. Upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2 mediate the transcription of angiotensin II binding and inhibitory protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19238-49. [PMID: 23653383 PMCID: PMC3696694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.451054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap) promotes constitutive internalization of the AT1R so as to specifically inhibit the pathological activation of its downstream signaling yet preserve the base-line physiological signaling activity of the AT1R. Thus, tissue-specific regulation of Agtrap expression is relevant to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal disease. However, the regulatory mechanism of Agtrap gene expression has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the proximal promoter region from −150 to +72 of the mouse Agtrap promoter, which contains the X-box, E-box, and GC-box consensus motifs, is able to elicit substantial transcription of the Agtrap gene. Among these binding motifs, we showed that the E-box specifically binds upstream stimulatory factor (Usf) 1 and Usf2, which are known E-box-binding transcription factors. It is indicated that the E-box-Usf1/Usf2 binding regulates Agtrap expression because of the following: 1) mutation of the E-box to prevent Usf1/Usf2 binding reduces Agtrap promoter activity; 2) knockdown of Usf1 or Usf2 affects both endogenous Agtrap mRNA and Agtrap protein expression, and 3) the decrease in Agtrap mRNA expression in the afflicted kidney by unilateral ureteral obstruction is accompanied by changes in Usf1 and Usf2 mRNA. Furthermore, the results of siRNA transfection in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells and those of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the afflicted mouse kidney suggest that Usf1 decreases but Usf2 increases the Agtrap gene expression by binding to the E-box. The results also demonstrate a functional E-box-USF1/USF2 interaction in the human AGTRAP promoter, thereby suggesting that a strategy of modulating the E-box-USF1/USF2 binding has novel therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, USA
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11
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Park S, Lu KT, Liu X, Chatterjee TK, Rudich SM, Weintraub NL, Kwitek AE, Sigmund CD. Allele-specific expression of angiotensinogen in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hypertension 2013; 62:41-7. [PMID: 23648704 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensinogen gene is genetically linked with hypertension, but the mechanistic basis for association of sequence variants in the promoter and coding region of the gene remains unclear. An E-box at position -20 has been hypothesized to control the level of angiotensinogen expression, but its mechanistic importance for angiotensinogen expression in human tissues is uncertain. We developed an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based assay to distinguish between angiotensinogen mRNA derived from variants at the -20 position (rs5050) in the angiotensinogen promoter in adipose tissues obtained during surgery. The assay takes advantage of linkage disequilibrium between the rs5050 (located in the promoter) and rs4762 (located in the coding region) single nucleotide polymorphisms. This strategy allowed us to assess the level of allele-specific expression in A-20C heterozygous subjects comparing the relative proportion of each allele with the total, thus eliminating the problem of variability in the level of total angiotensinogen mRNA among subjects. We show that angiotensinogen mRNA derived from the -20C allele is expressed significantly higher than that derived from the -20A allele in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increased expression correlates with enriched chromatin binding of upstream stimulatory factor-2 to the -20C E-box compared with -20A. This may be depot selective because we were unable to detect these differences in omental adipose. This provides the first data directly comparing expression of angiotensinogen mRNA and differential transcription factor binding derived from 2 variant alleles in human tissue where the ratio of expression of one allele to another can be accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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