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Su Y, Ren J, Zhang J, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang W. Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 Alleviates Glucolipid Metabolism Disorders via the Adipoinsular Axis and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:267. [PMID: 38257160 PMCID: PMC10819581 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) refer to a series of metabolic disorders caused by abnormal processes of glucose and lipid synthesis, decomposition, and absorption in the body, leading to glucose and lipid excess, insulin resistance, and obesity. Probiotic intervention is a new strategy to alleviate metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 (L. paracasei JY062) was separated from the Tibet-fermented dairy products. The results demonstrated a strong ability to relieve blood glucose disorders, blood lipid disorders, and tissue damage. The LPH group had the best effect, significantly decreasing the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leptin, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, and GLP-1 level compared to HFD-group mice. L. paracasei JY062 could activate the APN-AMPK pathway, increased AdipoQ, AMPK GLUT-4, and PGC-1α mRNA expression and decreased SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS mRNA expression. L. paracasei JY062 intervention decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, and restored the imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis caused by a high-glucose-fat diet. L. paracasei JY062 alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorders via the adipoinsular axis and gut microbiota. This study provided a theoretical basis for probiotics to ameliorate glucolipid metabolism disorders by regulating the adipoinsular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.S.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.)
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2
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Stultiens JMG, Top WMC, Kimenai DM, Lehert P, Bekers O, Stehouwer CDA, Kooy A, Meex SJR. Metformin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T trajectories in type 2 diabetes patients: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:49. [PMID: 35379238 PMCID: PMC8981770 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has favorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes in both newly onset and advanced type 2 diabetes, as previously reported findings from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study and the HOME trial have demonstrated. Patients with type 2 diabetes present with chronically elevated circulating cardiac troponin levels, an established predictor of cardiovascular endpoints and prognostic marker of subclinical myocardial injury. It is unknown whether metformin affects cardiac troponin levels. The study aimed to evaluate cardiac troponin I and T trajectories in patients with diabetes treated either with metformin or placebo. METHODS This study is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (HOME trial) that included 390 patients with advanced type 2 diabetes randomized to 850 mg metformin or placebo up to three times daily concomitant to continued insulin treatment. Cardiac troponin I and T concentrations were measured at baseline and after 4, 17, 30, 43 and 52 months. We evaluated cardiac troponin trajectories by linear mixed-effects modeling, correcting for age, sex, smoking status and history of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS This study enrolled 390 subjects, of which 196 received metformin and 194 received placebo. In the treatment and placebo groups, mean age was 64 and 59 years; with 50% and 58% of subjects of the female sex, respectively. Despite the previously reported reduction of macrovascular disease risk in this cohort by metformin, linear mixed-effects regression modelling did not reveal evidence for an effect on cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T levels [- 8.4% (- 18.6, 3.2), p = 0.150, and - 4.6% (- 12, 3.2), p = 0.242, respectively]. A statistically significant time-treatment interaction was found for troponin T [- 1.6% (- 2.9, - 0.2), p = 0.021] but not troponin I concentrations [- 1.5% (- 4.2, 1.2), p = 0.263]. CONCLUSIONS In this post-hoc analysis of a 4.3-year randomized controlled trial, metformin did not exert a clinically relevant effect on cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T levels when compared to placebo. Cardioprotective effects of the drug observed in clinical studies are not reflected by a reduction in these biomarkers of subclinical myocardial injury. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00375388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M G Stultiens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M C Top
- Department of Intensive Care, Care Group Treant, Emmen, The Netherlands.,Bethesda Diabetes Research Center, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien M Kimenai
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippe Lehert
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics, Facultés Universitaires Catholiques de Mons, Louvain Academy, Mons, Belgium
| | - Otto Bekers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Kooy
- Department of Intensive Care, Care Group Treant, Emmen, The Netherlands.,Bethesda Diabetes Research Center, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J R Meex
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Li T, Providencia R, Mu N, Yin Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Liu M, Yu L, Gu C, Ma H. Association of metformin monotherapy or combined therapy with cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:30. [PMID: 33516224 PMCID: PMC7847575 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is a first-line drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment, yet whether metformin may increase all-cause or cardiovascular mortality of T2DM patients remains inconclusive. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for data extracted from inception to July 14, 2020, with a registration in PROSPERO (CRD42020177283). This study included randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the cardiovascular effects of metformin for T2DM. This study is followed by PRISMA and Cochrane guideline. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was pooled across trials by a random-effects model. Primary outcomes include all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Results We identified 29 studies that randomly assigned patients with 371 all-cause and 227 cardiovascular death events. Compared with untreated T2DM patients, metformin-treated patients was not associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.69–1.38; P = 0.90), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.60, 2.15; P = 0.70), macrovascular events (RR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.70–1.07; P = 0.19), heart failure (RR: 1.02; 95% CI:0.61–1.71; P = 0.95), and microvascular events (RR: 0.78; 95% CI:0.54–1.13; P = 0.19). Combination of metformin with another hypoglycemic drug was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.16) and cardiovascular mortality (RR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.00) compared with hypoglycemic drug regimens with no metformin. Conclusion The combination of metformin treatment may impose higher risk in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This finding, at least in part, shows no evidence for benefits of metformin in combination in terms of all-cause/cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events for T2DM. However, the conclusion shall be explained cautiously considering the limitations from UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | | | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunhu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Bellia C, Lombardo M, Della-Morte D. Use of Troponin as a predictor for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:54-61. [PMID: 32302683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have two- to four-fold increased cardiovascular mortality in comparison to the general population. With the identification of new therapeutic targets and hypoglycemic drugs for T2DM, the need for a better stratification of CVD risk has emerged to select patients who may need intensive or specific treatment. At present, risk stratification is based on clinical, demographic, and biochemical factors. High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) increases after several ischemic and non-ischemic insults and it is considered a marker of myocardial injury. This review summarizes the main findings about hs-cTn utilization for risk stratification in people with T2DM and no clinical CVD. Several large observational studies have documented the association between hs-cTn and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in both the general population and in patients with T2DM. Lifestyle interventions, and particularly promotion of physical activity and adoption of healthy nutritional habits, have been associated to a significant benefit on hs-cTn release in the general population. Randomized controlled trials suggested that hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy may influence the degree of T2DM-induced cardiac injury. Besides these promising findings, the efficacy of an hs-cTn-based approach for CVD prevention in T2DM patients still requires more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Haller PM, Boeddinghaus J, Neumann JT, Sörensen NA, Hartikainen TS, Goßling A, Nestelberger T, Twerenbold R, Lehmacher J, Keller T, Zeller T, Blankenberg S, Mueller C, Westermann D. Performance of the ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h Algorithm for the Rapid Identification of Myocardial Infarction Without ST-Elevation in Patients With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:460-467. [PMID: 31843947 PMCID: PMC9162128 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn). We investigated the diagnostic performance of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) algorithms to rule out or rule in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST-elevation in patients with DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 3,681 patients with suspected AMI and stratified those by the presence of DM. The ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h algorithms were used to calculate negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV). In addition, alternative cutoffs were calculated and externally validated in 2,895 patients. RESULTS In total, 563 patients (15.3%) had DM, and 137 (24.3%) of these had AMI. When the ESC 0/1-h algorithm was used, the NPV was comparable in patients with and without DM (absolute difference [AD] -1.50 [95% CI -5.95, 2.96]). In contrast, the ESC 0/3-h algorithm resulted in a significantly lower NPV in patients with DM (AD -2.27 [95% CI -4.47, -0.07]). The diagnostic performance for rule-in of AMI (PPV) was comparable in both groups: 0/1-h (AD 6.59 [95% CI -19.53, 6.35]) and 0/3-h (AD 1.03 [95% CI -7.63, 9.7]). Alternative cutoffs increased the PPV in both algorithms significantly, while improvements in NPV were only subtle. CONCLUSIONS Application of the ESC 0/1-h algorithm revealed comparable safety to rule out AMI comparing patients with and without DM, while this was not observed with the ESC 0/3-h algorithm. Although alternative cutoffs might be helpful, patients with DM remain a high-risk population in whom identification of AMI is challenging and who require careful clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Haller
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,GREAT (Global Research on Acute Conditions Team) Network, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes T Neumann
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils A Sörensen
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tau S Hartikainen
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Goßling
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,GREAT (Global Research on Acute Conditions Team) Network, Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,GREAT (Global Research on Acute Conditions Team) Network, Rome, Italy
| | - Jonas Lehmacher
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Kerckhoff Herzforschungsinstitut, University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,GREAT (Global Research on Acute Conditions Team) Network, Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Berezin AE. Prognostication of clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus: Emerging role of cardiac biomarkers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:995-1003. [PMID: 31336558 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains substantial health problem and one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide. The impact of T2DM on CV mortality and morbidity is embedded through a nature evolution of the disease and is modulated by numerous risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia. There is large body of evidence regarding use of the cardiac biomarkers to risk stratification at higher CV risk individuals who belongs to general population and cohort with established CV disease. Although T2DM patients have higher incidence of cardiac and vascular complications than the general population, whether cardiac biomarkers would be effective to risk stratification of the T2DM is not fully understood. The aim of the review is to summarize our knowledge regarding clinical implementation of cardiac biomarkers in risk assessment for T2DM patients. The role of natriuretic peptides, soluble ST2, galectin-3, growth differentiation factor-15, and cardiac troponins are widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical University of Zaporozhye, Mayakovsky av., 25, Zaporozhye, 69035, Ukraine.
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