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John J, Wellman M, Dixon C, Kellermann T, Wisniewski P, Kopeć K, Trzciński J, Kopeć D, Ciach T, Fieggen G, Kaestner L, Lazarus J. Introducing an lsoprenaline Eluting Guidewire: Report on its Design and the Results of the Dose-Determining Pilot Study. J Endourol 2024; 38:590-597. [PMID: 38468539 DOI: 10.1089/end.2023.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is associated with complications, many of which are related to the intrarenal pressure (IRP). We aim to describe the design of a novel isoprenaline-eluting guidewire ("IsoWire") and present the results from the first in vitro release studies and the first animal studies showing its effect on IRP. Materials and Methods: The IsoWire comprises a Nitinol core surrounded by a stainless-steel wire wound into a tight coil. The grooves created by this coil provided a reservoir for adding a hydrogel coating into which isoprenaline, a beta-agonist, was loaded. Animal studies were performed using a porcine model. For the control, IRP, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured continuously for 6 minutes with a standard guidewire in place. For the experiment, the standard hydrophilic guidewire was removed, the IsoWire was inserted into the renal pelvis, and the same parameters were measured. Results: In vitro analysis of the isoprenaline release profile showed that most (63.9 ± 5.9%) of the loaded drug mass was released in the 1st minute, and almost all of the drug was released in the first 4 minutes exponentially. Porcine studies showed a 25.1% reduction in IRP in the IsoWire that released 10 μg in the 1st minute; however, there was a marked increase in HR. The average percentage reduction in IRP was 8.95% and 21.3% in the IsoWire that released 5 and 7.5 μg of isoprenaline, respectively, with no changes in HR or MAP. Conclusions: The IsoWire, which releases 5 and 7.5 μg of isoprenaline in the 1st minute, appears to be safe and effective in reducing the IRP. Further studies are needed to establish whether the isoprenaline-induced ureteral relaxation will render easier insertion of a ureteral access sheath, reduce IRP during sheathless RIRS, or even promote the practice of sheathless RIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff John
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Mark Wellman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charné Dixon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Kellermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Kamil Kopeć
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Trzciński
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Kopeć
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Graham Fieggen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Lazarus
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Yang G, Lin W, Shah BA, Liang J, Lu X, Yuan B. Superhydrophilic and Antifriction Thin Hydrogel Formed under Mild Conditions for Medical Bare Metal Guide Wires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1482-1491. [PMID: 38147690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Medical guide wires play a crucial role in the process of intravascular interventional therapy. However, it is essential for bare metal guide wires to possess both hydrophilic lubricity and coating durability, avoiding tissue damage caused by friction inside the blood vessel during the interventional procedure. Additionally, it is still a huge challenge for diverse metal materials to bind with polymer coatings easily. Herein, we present a hydrogel coating scheme and its preparation method for various wires under mild conditions for environmental protection purposes. The preparation process involves surface pretreatment, including low-temperature heating and silanization, followed by a two-step dip coating and ultraviolet polymerization. The whole process leads to the formation of an interpenetrating cross-linked hydrogel network from the substrate to the surface section. This study confirms the superhydrophilicity and lubricity of three metal wires with the designed coating, especially reducing the friction significantly by ≥ 95%. The thin coating (average thickness <6.2 μm) demonstrates strong adhesion with various substrates and exhibits resistance to 25 or even 125 cycles of friction, indicating excellent stability and preventing easy detachment. The finally prepared composite nickel-titanium (NiTi) guide wire with stainless steel (SS) and platinum-tungsten (Pt-W) coils (overall diameter of ∼0.36 mm) shows satisfactory performance with a friction of 0.183 N for 25 cycles, meeting the clinical requirements (average friction ≤0.2 N) for interventional operation. These findings highlight the potential of this study in advancing the development of medical devices, particularly in the field of intravascular interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Basit Ali Shah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xun Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Fabris E, Selvarajah A, Tavenier A, Hermanides R, Kedhi E, Sinagra G, van’t Hof A. Complementary Pharmacotherapy for STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI: An Evidence-Based Clinical Approach. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2022; 22:463-474. [PMID: 35316483 PMCID: PMC9468081 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-022-00531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic therapy is the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the acute management of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients includes therapy for pain relief and potential additional strategies for cardioprotection. The safety and efficacy of some commonly used treatments have been questioned by recent evidence. Indeed a concern about morphine use is the interaction between opioids and oral P2Y12 inhibitors; early beta-blocker treatment has shown conflicting results for the improvement of clinical outcomes; and supplemental oxygen therapy lacks benefit in patients without hypoxia and may be of potential harm. Other additional strategies remain disappointing; however, some treatments may be selectively used. Therefore, we intend to present a critical updated review of complementary pharmacotherapy for a modern treatment approach for STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
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Forman MB, Brewer EC, Brown ZR, Menshikova EV, Lowman AM, Jackson EK, Brewer. Novel Guidewire Design and Coating for Continuous Delivery of Adenosine During Interventional Procedures. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019275. [PMID: 33496190 PMCID: PMC7955438 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The “no‐reflow phenomenon” compromises percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes. There is an unmet need for a device that prevents no‐reflow phenomenon. Our goal was to develop a guidewire platform comprising a nondisruptive hydrophilic coating that allows continuous delivery of adenosine throughout a percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results We developed a guidewire with spaced coils to increase surface area for drug loading. Guidewires were plasma treated to attach hydroxyl groups to metal surfaces, and a methoxy–polyethylene glycol–silanol primer layer was covalently linked to hydroxyl groups. Using polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinyl acetate, a drug layer containing jet‐milled adenosine was hydrogen‐bonded to the polyethylene glycol–silanol layer and coated with an outer diffusive barrier layer. Coatings were processed with a freeze/thaw curing method. In vitro release studies were conducted followed by in vivo evaluation in pigs. Coating quality, performance, and stability with sterilization were also evaluated. Antiplatelet properties of the guidewire were also determined. Elution studies with adenosine‐containing guidewires showed curvilinear and complete release of adenosine over 60 minutes. Porcine studies demonstrated that upon insertion into a coronary artery, adenosine‐releasing guidewires induced immediate and robust increases (2.6‐fold) in coronary blood flow velocity, which were sustained for ≈30 minutes without systemic hemodynamic effects or arrhythmias. Adenosine‐loaded wires prevented and reversed coronary vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine. The wires significantly inhibited platelet aggregation by >80% in vitro. Guidewires passed bench testing for lubricity, adherence, integrity, and tracking. Conclusions Our novel drug‐releasing guidewire platform represents a unique approach to prevent/treat no‐reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik C Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ
| | - Zachary R Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ
| | | | - Anthony M Lowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
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