Faculty Development Approaches for Life Support Courses: A Scoping Review

Introducing Virtual Reality in a STEMI Coronary Syndrome Course: Qualitative Evaluation with Nurses and Doctors

In the increasing number of medical education topics taught with virtual reality (VR), the prehospital management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had not been considered. This article proposes an implemented VR system for STEMI training and introduces it in an institutional course addressed to emergency nurses and case manager (CM) doctors. The system comprises three different applications to, respectively, allow (a) the course instructor to control the conditions of the virtual patient, (b) the CM to communicate with the nurse in the virtual field and receive from him/her the patient's parameters and electrocardiogram, and (c) the nurse to interact with the patient in the immersive VR scenario. We enrolled 17 course participants to collect their perceptions and opinions through a semistructured interview. The thematic analysis showed the system was appreciated (n = 17) and described as engaging (n = 4), challenging (n = 5), useful to improve self-confidence (n = 4), innovative (n = 5), and promising for training courses (n = 10). Realism was also appreciated (n = 13), although with some drawbacks (e.g., oversimplification; n = 5). Overall, participants described the course as an opportunity to share opinions (n = 8) and highlight issues (n = 4) and found it useful for novices (n = 5) and, as a refresh, for experienced personnel (n = 6). Some participants suggested improvements in the scenarios' type (n = 5) and variability (n = 5). Although most participants did not report usage difficulties with the VR system (n = 13), many described the need to get familiar with it (n = 13) and the specific gestures it requires (n = 10). Three suffered from cybersickness.

Insights from a cross-sectional survey of neonatal resuscitation instructors from India

Neonatal resuscitation training can change outcomes of neonatal mortality due to perinatal asphyxia. Recently, in 2021, the advanced NRP course material was changed, and for Basic NRP, a hybrid course was introduced in India. We assessed the instructor's feedback to improve the conduct of the IAP NNF NRP Program as well as get their perception of the effectiveness, usefulness, and pitfalls of the new hybrid Basic NRP course (offline + online). A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst instructors across India with current status with IAP NRP FGM Office. The data were exported to a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. STATA 14.2 was used for descriptive [Frequency (percent) analysis. 827 basic and 221 advanced NRP instructors responded. Bag and mask ventilation was identified as the most important step in basic 468 (56.6%) and advanced 147 (66.5%) courses. In the basic NRP, almost two third (71.0%) participants believe that it is challenging to conduct a case scenario for bag and mask ventilation, whereas, in the advanced course, intubation 116 (52.5%) was considered the most difficult step to teach and medication 80(36.2%) followed by intubation 62(28.1%) are the most difficult steps to conduct case scenario. 725(87.7%) reported that it would be easy to explain them in an offline course after completion of an online course. Most of the instructors were satisfied with the course structure, material, overall quality of the workshop, and support from the IAP NRP office. Constructive suggestions were obtained from the instructors for improvement of the course.

2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed.

2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed.

Piloting a Basic Life Support instructor course: A short report

Aim

The aim was to describe a new shortened pilot of the European Resuscitation Council's standard Basic Instructor Course.

Methods

The four-hour pilot followed a blended learning strategy (pre-course preparation, on-site small-group sessions). Each participant taught a short Basic Life Support competency to the group (micro-teaching) and received the group's feedback. A feedback "drill" session followed. Primary quantitative outcome was the proportion of Basic Instructor Course participants subsequently teaching Basic Life Support. Post-course teachings were recorded and compared to standard eight-hour Basic Instructor Courses. Participants' open feedback question answers were qualitatively analyzed and presented descriptively.

Results

This pilot Basic Instructor Course taught 31 healthcare providers in 4 courses in 2019-2021 (aged 31.5 ± 12.9 years; 61 % women; 29 % physicians; 71 % medical students; 21 % no teaching experience). Participants reported that they gained most from micro-teaching (64 %), and advice on their teaching (50 %). Some judged the course as being too long (29 %). Twenty-seven pilot course participants (87 %) (including three instructor candidates) started teaching, whereas only nine of 37 participants of the 3 courses (24 %, including three instructor candidates) from the standard eight-hour course did.

Conclusion

Participants of the pilot shortened Basic Instructor Course in a healthcare setting were successfully trained to teach European Resuscitation Council's Basic Life Support provider courses in a short four-hour format. The pilot course seems to enable future instructors to teach Basic Life Support provider courses. Higher motivation to teach resulted in four times as many instructors who taught courses after the pilot course compared to the standard course.

2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimising pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed.