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Frase S, Steddin J, Paschen E, Lenz M, Conforti P, Haas CA, Vlachos A, Schachtrup C, Hosp JA. Dense dopaminergic innervation of the peri-infarct cortex despite dopaminergic cell loss after a pure motor-cortical stroke in rats. J Neurochem 2023; 167:427-440. [PMID: 37735852 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, the cortex directly adjacent to the ischemic core (i.e., the peri-infarct cortex, PIC) undergoes plastic changes that facilitate motor recovery. Dopaminergic signaling is thought to support this process. However, ischemic stroke also leads to the remote degeneration of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, possibly interfering with this beneficial effect. In this study, we assessed the reorganization of dopaminergic innervation of the PIC in a rat model of focal cortical stroke. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats either received a photothrombotic stroke (PTS) in the primary motor cortex (M1) or a sham operation. 30 days after PTS or sham procedure, the retrograde tracer Micro Ruby (MR) was injected into the PIC of stroke animals or into homotopic cortical areas of matched sham rats. Thus, dopaminergic midbrain neurons projecting into the PIC were identified based on MR signal and immunoreactivity against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for dopaminergic neurons. The density of dopaminergic innervation within the PIC was assessed by quantification of dopaminergic boutons indicated by TH-immunoreactivity. Regarding postsynaptic processes, expression of dopamine receptors (D1- and D2) and a marker of the functional signal cascade (DARPP-32) were visualized histologically. Despite a 25% ipsilesional loss of dopaminergic midbrain neurons after PTS, the number and spatial distribution of dopaminergic neurons projecting to the PIC was not different compared to sham controls. Moreover, the density of dopaminergic innervation in the PIC was significantly higher than in homotopic cortical areas of the sham group. Within the PIC, D1-receptors were expressed in neurons, whereas D2-receptors were confined to astrocytes. The intensity of D1- and DARPP-32 expression appeared to be higher in the PIC compared to the contralesional homotopic cortex. Our data suggest a sprouting of dopaminergic fibers into the PIC and point to a role for dopaminergic signaling in reparative mechanisms post-stroke, potentially related to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Frase
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Steddin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Conforti
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas A Hosp
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Elabi OF, Espa E, Skovgård K, Fanni S, Cenci MA. Ropinirole Cotreatment Prevents Perivascular Glial Recruitment in a Rat Model of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:1859. [PMID: 37508522 PMCID: PMC10378233 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease is achieved using L-DOPA or dopamine D2/3 agonists, such as ropinirole. Here, we compare the effects of L-DOPA and ropinirole, alone or in combination, on patterns of glial and microvascular reactivity in the striatum. Rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions were treated with therapeutic-like doses of L-DOPA (6 mg/kg), an equipotent L-DOPA-ropinirole combination (L-DOPA 3 mg/kg plus ropinirole 0.5 mg/kg), or ropinirole alone. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the reactivity of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, IBA-1) and astroglia (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), as well as blood vessel density (rat endothelial cell antigen 1, RECA-1) and albumin extravasation. L-DOPA monotreatment and L-DOPA-ropinirole cotreatment induced moderate-severe dyskinesia, whereas ropinirole alone had negligible dyskinetic effects. Despite similar dyskinesia severity, striking differences in perivascular microglia and astroglial reactivity were found between animals treated with L-DOPA vs. L-DOPA-ropinirole. The former exhibited a marked upregulation of perivascular IBA-1 cells (in part CD68-positive) and IBA-1-RECA-1 contact points, along with an increased microvessel density and strong perivascular GFAP expression. None of these markers were significantly upregulated in animals treated with L-DOPA-ropinirole or ropinirole alone. In summary, although ropinirole cotreatment does not prevent L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, it protects from maladaptive gliovascular changes otherwise associated with this disorder, with potential long-term benefits to striatal tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Elabi
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elena Espa
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrine Skovgård
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Silvia Fanni
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Salarinejad A, Esmaeilpour K, Shabani M, Jafarinejad-Farsangi S, Pardakhty A, Asadi-Shekaari M, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Effect of l-Dopa in acute temozolomide-induced cognitive impairment in male mice: a possible antineuroinflammatory role. Behav Pharmacol 2023:00008877-990000000-00047. [PMID: 37401406 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide is used commonly in the treatment of some types of cancers, but it may also result in cognitive impairments such as memory deficits. l-Dopa, a well known medicine for the central nervous system, has been shown to have positive effects on some cognitive disorders. Here we sought to investigate the effect of l-Dopa on temozolomide-induced cognitive impairments. BALB/c mice were subjected to 3-days temozolomide and 6-days concomitant l-Dopa/benserazide administration in six groups (control, l-Dopa 25 mg/kg, l-Dopa 75 mg/kg, temozolomide, temozolomide + l-Dopa 25 mg/kg, and temozolomide + l-Dopa 75 mg/kg). Open field test, object location recognition, novel object recognition test, and shuttle-box test were carried out to determine the locomotor, anxiety-like behavior, and memory function of subjects. TNF-α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression in the hippocampus was measured by real-time PCR. Mice treated with temozolomide showed recognition memory impairment, along with hippocampal TNF-α and BDNF mRNA expression level raise, and detection of histological insults in hematoxylin and eosin hippocampal slides. Mice that received temozolomide + l-Dopa showed normal behavioral function and lower TNF-α and BDNF hippocampal mRNA expression levels, and histologically normal hippocampal CA1 region in comparison with mice in the temozolomide group. Our results provide evidence that l-Dopa prevents temozolomide-induced recognition memory deficit in mice at the acute phase probably via l-Dopa antineuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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4
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Talhada D, Ruscher K. Performing Enriched Environment Studies to Improve Functional Recovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:355-366. [PMID: 36715945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physical therapy and social interactions between the stroke patient and healthcare professionals or relatives facilitate the process of recovery and promote improvement of lost neurological function after stroke. These observations can be mimicked in an experimental setting by multimodal stimulation provided in the concept of enriched environment. The enriched environment is a housing condition combining social interactions and sensorimotor stimulation that improves lost neurological function without affecting the extent of brain damage after experimental stroke. This chapter provides a detailed protocol on how to perform enriched housing experiments including conceptual and technical considerations as a tool to investigate mechanisms of recovery after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Huang S, Liu L, Tang X, Xie S, Li X, Kang X, Zhu S. Research progress on the role of hormones in ischemic stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1062977. [PMID: 36569944 PMCID: PMC9769407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the world. However, ischemic stroke treatment is currently limited, with a narrow therapeutic window and unsatisfactory post-treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms following ischemic stroke brain injury. Changes in the immunometabolism and endocrine system after ischemic stroke are important in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemic injury. Hormones are biologically active substances produced by endocrine glands or endocrine cells that play an important role in the organism's growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and aging. Hormone research in ischemic stroke has made very promising progress. Hormone levels fluctuate during an ischemic stroke. Hormones regulate neuronal plasticity, promote neurotrophic factor formation, reduce cell death, apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrative stress, and brain edema in ischemic stroke. In recent years, many studies have been done on the role of thyroid hormone, growth hormone, testosterone, prolactin, oxytocin, glucocorticoid, parathyroid hormone, and dopamine in ischemic stroke, but comprehensive reviews are scarce. This review focuses on the role of hormones in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discusses the mechanisms involved, intending to provide a reference value for ischemic stroke treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xianhui Kang, ; Shengmei Zhu,
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xianhui Kang, ; Shengmei Zhu,
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6
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Vitrac C, Nallet-Khosrofian L, Iijima M, Rioult-Pedotti MS, Luft A. Endogenous dopamine transmission is crucial for motor skill recovery after stroke. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:15-21. [PMID: 35707766 PMCID: PMC9189999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Vitrac
- Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence to: Universitätspital Zürich, Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maiko Iijima
- Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mengia-Seraina Rioult-Pedotti
- Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of MCB, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andreas Luft
- Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Emerging Roles for the Orphan GPCRs, GPR37 and GPR37 L1, in Stroke Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074028. [PMID: 35409385 PMCID: PMC9000135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on the diverse and complex roles of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the pathophysiology of stroke. These receptors constitute a large family of seven transmembrane-spanning proteins that play an intricate role in cellular communication mechanisms which drive both tissue injury and repair following ischemic stroke. Orphan GPCRs represent a unique sub-class of GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found. Interestingly, the majority of these receptors are expressed within the central nervous system where they represent a largely untapped resource for the treatment of neurological diseases. The focus of this review will thus be on the emerging roles of two brain-expressed orphan GPCRs, GPR37 and GPR37 L1, in regulating various cellular and molecular processes underlying ischemic stroke.
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Marchetti B, Giachino C, Tirolo C, Serapide MF. "Reframing" dopamine signaling at the intersection of glial networks in the aged Parkinsonian brain as innate Nrf2/Wnt driver: Therapeutical implications. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13575. [PMID: 35262262 PMCID: PMC9009237 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via G protein‐coupled receptors is a multifunctional neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine–immune modulator. The DA nigrostriatal pathway, which controls the motor coordination, progressively degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), a most common neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by a selective, age‐dependent loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons, where DA itself is a primary source of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, intersecting astrocyte and microglial inflammatory networks. Importantly, glia acts as a preferential neuroendocrine–immune DA target, in turn, counter‐modulating inflammatory processes. With a major focus on DA intersection within the astrocyte–microglial inflammatory network in PD vulnerability, we herein first summarize the characteristics of DA signaling systems, the propensity of DA neurons to oxidative stress, and glial inflammatory triggers dictating the vulnerability to PD. Reciprocally, DA modulation of astrocytes and microglial reactivity, coupled to the synergic impact of gene–environment interactions, then constitute a further level of control regulating midbrain DA neuron (mDAn) survival/death. Not surprisingly, within this circuitry, DA converges to modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling, a key pathway for mDAn neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation, adding to the already complex “signaling puzzle,” a novel actor in mDAn–glial regulatory machinery. Here, we propose an autoregulatory feedback system allowing DA to act as an endogenous Nrf2/Wnt innate modulator and trace the importance of DA receptor agonists applied to the clinic as immune modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
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Takahashi S, Mashima K. Neuroprotection and Disease Modification by Astrocytes and Microglia in Parkinson Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010170. [PMID: 35052674 PMCID: PMC8773262 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common bases for disease onset and progression in many neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson disease, which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulting in dopamine depletion, the pathogenesis differs between hereditary and solitary disease forms and is often unclear. In addition to the pathogenicity of alpha-synuclein as a pathological disease marker, the involvement of dopamine itself and its interactions with glial cells (astrocyte or microglia) have attracted attention. Pacemaking activity, which is a hallmark of dopaminergic neurons, is essential for the homeostatic maintenance of adequate dopamine concentrations in the synaptic cleft, but it imposes a burden on mitochondrial oxidative glucose metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species production. Astrocytes provide endogenous neuroprotection to the brain by producing and releasing antioxidants in response to oxidative stress. Additionally, the protective function of astrocytes can be modified by microglia. Some types of microglia themselves are thought to exacerbate Parkinson disease by releasing pro-inflammatory factors (M1 microglia). Although these inflammatory microglia may further trigger the inflammatory conversion of astrocytes, microglia may induce astrocytic neuroprotective effects (A2 astrocytes) simultaneously. Interestingly, both astrocytes and microglia express dopamine receptors, which are upregulated in the presence of neuroinflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of dopamine receptor stimulation are also attracting attention because the functions of astrocytes and microglia are greatly affected by both dopamine depletion and therapeutic dopamine replacement in Parkinson disease. In this review article, we will focus on the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of astrocytes and their synergism with microglia and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi 350-1298, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-984-4111 (ext. 7412); Fax: +81-42-984-0664
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan
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10
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Long Evans Rats Impairs Dopaminergic/ΔFosB Signalling in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway Without Altering Delay Discounting Rates. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:770374. [PMID: 35058756 PMCID: PMC8763703 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.770374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats has been shown to promote exploration of anxiogenic zones of the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). This study investigated changes in impulsive choice and/or defensive responses as possible contributors of heightened anxiogenic exploration observed after ischemia. Impulsivity was assessed using delay discounting (DD) paradigms, while the Predator Odour Test (PO) served to assess changes in defensive responses towards a naturally aversive stimulus. Male Long Evans rats underwent 9 days of autoshaping training and 24 days of DD training prior to GCI or sham surgery (n = 9/group). Post-surgery, rats completed the OFT, EPM, and PO, followed by 6 days of DD sessions. Blood droplets served to evaluate corticosterone secretion associated with PO exposure. With impulsivity being regulated through mesocorticolimbic monoaminergic pathways, we also characterised post-ischemic changes in the expression of dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), dopamine transporters (DAT), and 1FosB in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) using immunohistofluorescence. Our findings revealed no impact of GCI on delay discounting rates, while PO approach behaviours were minimally affected. Nonetheless, GCI significantly reduced DRD2 and ΔFosB-ir in the NAcS and NAcC, respectively, while DAT-ir was diminished in both NAc subregions. Collectively, our findings refine the understanding of cognitive-behavioural and biochemical responses following stroke or cardiac arrest. They support significant alterations to the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway after ischemia, which are not associated with altered impulsive choice in a DD task but may influence locomotor exploration of the OFT and EPM.
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11
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Shen XY, Gao ZK, Han Y, Yuan M, Guo YS, Bi X. Activation and Role of Astrocytes in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:755955. [PMID: 34867201 PMCID: PMC8635513 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.755955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to the disorder of blood supply of local brain tissue caused by various reasons. It has high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are responsible for the homeostasis, nutrition, and protection of the CNS and play an essential role in many nervous system diseases’ physiological and pathological processes. After stroke injury, astrocytes are activated and play a protective role through the heterogeneous and gradual changes of their gene expression, morphology, proliferation, and function, that is, reactive astrocytes. However, the position of reactive astrocytes has always been a controversial topic. Many studies have shown that reactive astrocytes are a double-edged sword with both beneficial and harmful effects. It is worth noting that their different spatial and temporal expression determines astrocytes’ various functions. Here, we comprehensively review the different roles and mechanisms of astrocytes after ischemic stroke. In addition, the intracellular mechanism of astrocyte activation has also been involved. More importantly, due to the complex cascade reaction and action mechanism after ischemic stroke, the role of astrocytes is still difficult to define. Still, there is no doubt that astrocytes are one of the critical factors mediating the deterioration or improvement of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Talhada D, Marklund N, Wieloch T, Kuric E, Ruscher K. Plasticity-Enhancing Effects of Levodopa Treatment after Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10226. [PMID: 34638567 PMCID: PMC8508853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic treatment in combination with rehabilitative training enhances long-term recovery after stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms on structural plasticity are unknown. Here, we show an increased dopaminergic innervation of the ischemic territory during the first week after stroke induced in Wistar rats subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 120 min. This response was also found in rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia induced by photothrombosis (PT) and mice subjected to PT or tMCAO. Dopaminergic branches were detected in the infarct core of mice and rats in both stroke models. In addition, the Nogo A pathway was significantly downregulated in rats treated with levodopa (LD) compared to vehicle-treated animals subjected to tMCAO. Specifically, the number of Nogo A positive oligodendrocytes as well as the levels of Nogo A and the Nogo A receptor were significantly downregulated in the peri-infarct area of LD-treated animals, while the number of Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 positive cells increased in this region after treatment. In addition, we observed lower protein levels of Growth Associated Protein 43 in the peri-infarct area compared to sham-operated animals without treatment effect. The results provide the first evidence of the plasticity-promoting actions of dopaminergic treatment following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Niklas Marklund
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Enida Kuric
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden;
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13
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Brougher J, Sanchez CA, Aziz US, Gove KF, Thorn CA. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Induced Motor Map Plasticity Does Not Require Cortical Dopamine. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:693140. [PMID: 34497484 PMCID: PMC8420970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.693140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with motor rehabilitation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to enhance functional recovery after neural injuries such as stroke. Training-paired VNS drives significant neuroplasticity within the motor cortex (M1), which is thought to underlie the therapeutic effects of VNS. Though the mechanisms are not fully understood, VNS-induced cortical plasticity is known to depend on intact signaling from multiple neuromodulatory nuclei that innervate M1. Cortical dopamine (DA) plays a key role in mediating M1 synaptic plasticity and is critical for motor skill acquisition, but whether cortical DA contributes to VNS efficacy has not been tested. Objective: To determine the impact of cortical DA depletion on VNS-induced cortical plasticity. Methods: Rats were trained on a skilled reaching lever press task prior to implantation of VNS electrodes and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mediated DA depletion in M1. Rats then underwent training-paired VNS treatment, followed by cortical motor mapping and lesion validation. Results: In both intact and DA-depleted rats, VNS significantly increased the motor map representation of task-relevant proximal forelimb musculature and reduced task-irrelevant distal forelimb representations. VNS also significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) fiber density in intact M1, but this effect was not observed in lesioned hemispheres. Conclusion: Our results reveal that though VNS likely upregulates catecholaminergic signaling in intact motor cortices, DA itself is not required for VNS-induced plasticity to occur. As DA is known to critically support M1 plasticity during skill acquisition, our findings suggest that VNS may engage a unique set of neuromodulatory signaling pathways to promote neocortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Brougher
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Camilo A Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Umaymah S Aziz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Kiree F Gove
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Catherine A Thorn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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14
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Nakajima S, Fushimi Y, Kawashima H, Murai T, Nakamoto Y. Cerebral Infarction With Increased Uptake on 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e193-e194. [PMID: 33181738 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 76-year-old woman underwent 123I-FP-CIT brain SPECT due to postural reflex impairment. The transverse slices demonstrated increased uptake in the right middle cerebral artery territory. MR images obtained 2 weeks earlier showed cerebral infarction in the corresponding area. 123I-FP-CIT has high binding affinity for dopamine transporters, especially in the nerve endings of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toshiya Murai
- Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
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15
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Cai H, Wang XP, Yang GY. Sleep Disorders in Stroke: An Update on Management. Aging Dis 2021; 12:570-585. [PMID: 33815883 PMCID: PMC7990374 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality all over the world. Due to an aging population, the incidence of stroke is rising significantly, which has led to devastating consequences for patients. In addition to traditional risk factors such as age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and atrial fibrillation, sleep disorders, as independent modifiable risk factors for stroke, have been highlighted increasingly. In this review, we provide an overview of common types of current sleep disturbances in cerebrovascular diseases, including insomnia, hypersomnia, breathing-related sleep disorders, and parasomnias. Moreover, evidence-based clinical therapeutic strategies and pitfalls of specific sleep disorders after stroke are discussed. We also review the neurobiological mechanisms of these treatments as well as their effects on stroke. Since depression after stroke is so prevalent and closely related to sleep disorders, treatments of post-stroke depression are also briefly mentioned in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Cai
- 1Department of Neurology, Tong-Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Tong-Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Sommer CJ, Schäbitz WR. Principles and requirements for stroke recovery science. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:471-485. [PMID: 33175596 PMCID: PMC7907998 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20970048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The disappointing results in bench-to-bedside translation of neuroprotective strategies caused a certain shift in stroke research towards enhancing the endogenous recovery potential of the brain. One reason for this focus on recovery is the much wider time window for therapeutic interventions which is open for at least several months. Since recently two large clinical studies using d-amphetamine or fluoxetine, respectively, to enhance post-stroke neurological outcome failed again it is a good time for a critical reflection on principles and requirements for stroke recovery science. In principal, stroke recovery science deals with all events from the molecular up to the functional and behavioral level occurring after brain ischemia eventually ending up with any measurable improvement of various clinical parameters. A detailed knowledge of the spontaneously occurring post-ischemic regeneration processes is the indispensable prerequisite for any therapeutic approaches aiming to modify these responses to enhance post-stroke recovery. This review will briefly illuminate the molecular mechanisms of post-ischemic regeneration and the principle possibilities to foster post-stroke recovery. In this context, recent translational approaches are analyzed. Finally, the principal and specific requirements and pitfalls in stroke recovery research as well as potential explanations for translational failures will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens J Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the
Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Häggman Henrikson J, Pombo Antunes AR, Wieloch T, Ruscher K. Enhanced functional recovery by levodopa is associated with decreased levels of synaptogyrin following stroke in aged mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 155:61-66. [PMID: 31805305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that has been shown to improve functional recovery following stroke partly achieved through mechanisms of brain plasticity. This study investigates if dopamine might affect plasticity by having a direct effect on synaptic plasticity through alterations in neurotransmitter release and re-uptake. Synaptogyrin is a synaptic vesicle protein that has been suggested to be involved in dopamine re-uptake in the synaptic terminal. Therefore, we investigated if levodopa has an effect on the expression of synaptogyrin 1. Thy1-YFP mice were subjected to photothrombosis as an experimental model of stroke. Starting two days after surgery they were treated with either levodopa or a vehicle solution (saline) on a daily basis until day seven following surgery. On day seven they were sacrificed and their brains stained for Dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), Dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and Parvalbumin (PV). Neu-N stainings were used to estimate infarct size. A second group of mice were subjected to photothrombosis and also treated with either levodopa or a vehicle solution in the same manner as previously mentioned. On day seven they were then sacrificed, and samples of brain tissue were taken for protein determination. Western blots were carried out to investigate possible differences in synaptogyrin expression between the two groups. Immunofluorescent stains showed the presence of dopamine receptors on the YFP-positive neurons and on PV-expressing neurones. Our Western Blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of synaptogyrin in levodopa-treated mice. Our stains showed co-localisation with Thy-1 neurones and PV-expressing neurones for both D1 and D2 receptors. This indicates that dopamine has the ability to bind to, and directly influence cortical neurons, as well as inhibitory interneurons. We discovered a considerable decrease in synaptogyrin expression through levodopa treatment, suggesting that this might be a mechanism for regulating brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Häggman Henrikson
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Rita Pombo Antunes
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden; LUBIN Lab - Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
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18
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Wang T, Duan YM, Fu Q, Liu T, Yu JC, Sui ZY, Huang L, Wen GQ. IM-12 activates the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway and attenuates rtPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation in rats after acute ischemic stroke. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:702-708. [PMID: 31770017 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a devastating complication for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who are treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). HT is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but no effective treatments are currently available to reduce the risk of HT. Therefore, methods to prevent HT are urgently needed. In this study, we used IM-12, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), to evaluate the role of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in recombinant tPA (rtPA)-induced HT. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke, and then were either administered rtPA, rtPA combined with IM-12, or the vehicle at 4 h after stroke was induced. Our results indicate that rats subjected to HT had more severe neurological deficits, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and had a greater infarction volume than the control group. Rats treated with IM-12 had improved outcomes compared with those of rats treated with rtPA alone. Moreover, IM-12 increased the protein expression of β-catenin and downstream proteins while suppressing the expression of GSK-3β. These results suggest that IM-12 reduces rtPA-induced HT and attenuates BBB disruption, possibly through activation of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway, and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing tPA-induced HT after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yu-Mei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiao Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Sui
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
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19
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Engelter S, Hemkens LG, Speich B, Traenka C. Dopaminergic agents versus control for enhancing stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Engelter
- Felix Platter Hospital; University Hospital Basel; University of Basel; University Center of Ageing & Rehabilitation; Stroke Center and Neurology; Department of Clinical Research; Petersgraben 4 Basel Switzerland 4031
| | - Lars G Hemkens
- University of Basel; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research; Spitalstrasse 12 Basel Germany CH-4031
| | - Benjamin Speich
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christopher Traenka
- University Hospital and University of Basel; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center; Basel Switzerland
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20
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Lin L, Sun D, Chang J, Ma M, Zhou X, Zhao M, Li J. Cocaine‑ and amphetamine‑regulated transcript (CART) is associated with dopamine and is protective against ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3298-3304. [PMID: 30066844 PMCID: PMC6102650 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine‑regulated transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide that can protect brains against ischemic injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the CART within ischemic stroke and it possible mechanism. The expression levels of dopamine (DA) and CART in ischemic brain tissues of mice were measured following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After receiving the treatment of DA and CART, the infarct volume of brain was measured in mice with MCAO. In addition, the function and potential mechanism of CART in ischemic stroke were further investigated. DA and CART expression was significantly decreased in mice with MCAO compared with normal control mice. Treatment of mice with MCAO with exogenous CART significantly decreased the extent of brain injury compared with untreated mice with MCAO. Treatment with exogenous CART promoted the survival of ex vivo neurons following oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD), while exogenous DA induced CART mRNA expression in a dose‑dependent manner, which suggested an association between CART and DA. Apoptosis of ex vivo neurons was significantly increased following OGD, however treatment with exogenous CART significantly inhibited this effect. The potential mechanism of CART was determined to be associated with inflammatory cytokines and related apoptotic genes. CART therefore appears to be associated with DA in its effect on ischemic stroke and is protective against brain injury following ischemic stroke by reducing inflammation activation; it may provide a promising means to treat ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Da Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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21
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Gower A, Tiberi M. The Intersection of Central Dopamine System and Stroke: Potential Avenues Aiming at Enhancement of Motor Recovery. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 30034335 PMCID: PMC6043669 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, plays a role in a wide range of brain sensorimotor functions. Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia are two major human neuropsychiatric disorders typically associated with dysfunctional dopamine activity levels, which can be alleviated through the druggability of the dopaminergic systems. Meanwhile, several studies suggest that optimal brain dopamine activity levels are also significantly impacted in other serious neurological conditions, notably stroke, but this has yet to be fully appreciated at both basic and clinical research levels. This is of utmost importance as there is a need for better treatments to improve recovery from stroke. Here, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding the modulation of dopaminergic systems following stroke, and the use of dopamine boosting therapies in animal stroke models to improve stroke recovery. Indeed, studies in animals and humans show stroke leads to changes in dopamine functioning. Moreover, evidence from animal stroke models suggests stimulation of dopamine receptors may be a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing motor recovery from stroke. With respect to the latter, we discuss the evidence for several possible receptor-linked mechanisms by which improved motor recovery may be mediated. One avenue of particular promise is the subtype-selective stimulation of dopamine receptors in conjunction with physical therapy. However, results from clinical trials so far have been more mixed due to a number of potential reasons including, targeting of the wrong patient populations and use of drugs which modulate a wide array of receptors. Notwithstanding these issues, it is hoped that future research endeavors will assist in the development of more refined dopaminergic therapeutic approaches to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gower
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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22
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Talhada D, Rabenstein M, Ruscher K. The role of dopaminergic immune cell signalling in poststroke inflammation. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418774225. [PMID: 29774058 PMCID: PMC5952273 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418774225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon ischaemic stroke, brain-resident and peripheral immune cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, these cells express pattern specific to neurotransmitter receptors and, therefore, seem to be susceptible to neurotransmitter stimulation, potentially modulating their properties and functions. One of the principal neurotransmitters in the CNS, dopamine, is involved in the regulation of processes of brain development, motor control and higher brain functions. It is constantly released in the brain and there is experimental and clinical evidence that dopaminergic signalling is involved in recovery of lost neurological function after stroke. Independent studies have revealed specific but different patterns of dopamine receptor subtypes on different populations of immune cells. Those patterns are dependent on the activation status of cells. Generally, exposure to dopamine or dopamine receptor agonists decreases detrimental actions of immune cells. In contrast, a reduction of dopaminergic inputs perpetuates a pro-inflammatory state associated with increased release of pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, subsets of immune cells have been identified to synthesize and release dopamine, suggesting autoregulatory mechanisms. Evidence supports that inflammatory processes activated following ischaemic stroke are modulated by dopaminergic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- LUBIN Lab – Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Ge H, Liu W, Sun E, Ma Y, Zhao H, Li R, Chen W, Yuan J, Chen Q, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhang JH, Hu R, Fan X, Feng H. Epothilone B Benefits Nigrostriatal Pathway Recovery by Promoting Microtubule Stabilization After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007626. [PMID: 29348323 PMCID: PMC5850167 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Many previous clinical studies have demonstrated that the nigrostriatal pathway, which plays a vital role in movement adjustment, is significantly impaired after stroke, according to medical imaging and autopsies. However, the basic pathomorphological changes have been poorly investigated to date. This study was designed to explore the pathomorphological changes, mechanism, and therapeutic method of nigrostriatal impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods and Results Intrastriatal injection of autologous blood or microtubule depolymerization reagent nocodazole was performed to mimic the pathology of ICH in C57/BL6 mice. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, electron microscopy, functional behavioral tests, and anterograde and retrograde neural circuit tracking techniques were used in these mice. The data showed that the number of dopamine neurons and the dopamine concentration were severely decreased and that fine motor function was impaired after ICH. Microtubule depolymerization was the main contributor to the loss of dopamine neurons and to motor function deficits after ICH, as was also proven by intrastriatal injection of nocodazole. Moreover, administration of the microtubule stabilizer epothilone B (1.5 mg/kg) improved the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway neural circuit, increased the number of dopamine neurons (4598±896 versus 3125±355; P=0.034) and the dopamine concentration (4.28±0.99 versus 3.08±0.75 ng/mg; P=0.041), and enhanced fine motor functional recovery associated with increased acetylated α‐tubulin expression to maintain microtubule stabilization after ICH. Conclusions Our results clarified the pathomorphological changes of the nigrostriatal pathway after ICH and found that epothilone B helped alleviate nigrostriatal pathway injury after ICH, associated with promoting α‐tubulin acetylation to maintain microtubule stabilization, thus facilitating motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eryi Sun
- Neurosurgery Department of Guizhou, Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jichao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Viale L, Catoira NP, Di Girolamo G, González CD. Pharmacotherapy and motor recovery after stroke. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 18:65-82. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1400910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Viale
- Centro Asistencial Universitario, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paola Catoira
- Residencia de Investigación en Salud, Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Di Girolamo
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas ¨Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini¨, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Claudio Daniel González
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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25
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Obi K, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. Role of dopamine on functional recovery in the contralateral hemisphere after focal stroke in the somatosensory cortex. Brain Res 2017; 1678:146-152. [PMID: 29079503 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional recovery after a stroke is important for patients' quality of life. Not only medical care during the acute phase, but also rehabilitation during the chronic phase after a stroke is important. However, the mechanisms underlying functional recovery, particularly the chronic phase after stroke, are still not fully understood. Thus, further basic study on brain after focal stroke is necessary. In this study, we found that the concentration of dopamine (DA) increased during first week after a stroke in the hemisphere contralateral in the site of stroke by in vivo microdialysis. When we applied haloperidol (HPD), a potent DA receptor blocker, functional recovery was inhibited. Interestingly, administration of aripiprazole (ARP), a novel partial agonist of the DA receptor, during the chronic phase improved the remodeling of neuronal circuits in somatosensory cortex (SSC). These findings indicate that the DAergic system play a critical role in functional compensation by the non-infarcted hemisphere after a focal stroke in SSC. It is also revealed that administration of HPD/ARP to stroke patients affects functional recovery after a stroke, and stimulation of the DAergic system during the chronic phase of stroke potentially benefits stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisho Obi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Stanfill A, Simpson C, Sherwood P, Poloyac S, Crago E, Kim H, Conley Y. A pilot study on the impact of dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype on long-term functional outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. SAGE Open Med 2017; 5:2050312117726725. [PMID: 28894586 PMCID: PMC5582657 DOI: 10.1177/2050312117726725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Many that survive an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage experience lasting physical disability, which might be improved by medications with effects on the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotransmitter systems. But it is not clear which patients are most likely to benefit from these therapies. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationship of genetic polymorphisms in these pathways with 12-month functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: Subjects were recruited at the time of admission as a part of a larger parent study. Genotypes were generated using the Affymetrix genome-wide human single-nucleotide polymorphism array 6.0. Those within dopaminergic, serotonergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathways were analyzed for associations with functional outcomes at 12 months post aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Modified Rankin Scale. Results: The 154 subjects were 55.8 ± 11.3 years old and 74% female; they had Fisher scores of 2.95 ± 0.67, Hunt/Hess scores of 2.66 ± 1.13, and admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 12.52 ± 3.79. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor genes 1B and 1E and dopamine receptor D2 were associated with greater disability (odds ratio: 3.88–3.25, confidence interval: 1.01–14.77), while single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor genes 2A and 2C and dopamine receptor D5 conferred a risk of poor recovery (odds ratio: 3.31–2.32, confidence interval: 1.00–10.80). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the same serotonin genes, and within the dopamine receptor gene D2, were associated with greater recovery after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (odds ratio: 0.17–0.34, confidence interval: 0.05–0.89). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that there may be an association between genetic factors and functional outcomes post stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Stanfill
- Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Health Promotion & Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Ansley Stanfill, Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 Manassas St #425, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Claire Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paula Sherwood
- Acute & Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Poloyac
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Crago
- Acute & Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yvette Conley
- Health Promotion & Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Singh N, Bansal Y, Bhandari R, Marwaha L, Singh R, Chopra K, Kuhad A. Resveratrol protects against ICV collagenase-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical deficits. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:14. [PMID: 28615993 PMCID: PMC5466723 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Indeed, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) account for only 15% of all strokes but it is one of the most devastating subtype of stroke associated with behavioral, cognitive and neurological deficits. The primary cause of neurological deficits in ICH is the hematoma growth, generation of free radicals, inflammatory cytokines and exhausting endogenous anti-oxidant machinery. It has been found that neuroinflammation following ICH leads to exaggeration of hallmarks of ICH. With this background, the study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) in intracerebroventricular (ICV) collagenase (COL) induced neurological deficits in rats. Methods The present study was designed to explore the protective effects of resveratrol (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) against ICV-COL induced ICH. Animals were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests to access behavioral changes, including neurological scoring tests (cylinder test, spontaneous motility, righting reflex, horizontal bar test, forelimb flexion), actophotometer, rotarod, Randall Sellito and von Frey. Post stroke depression was estimated using forced swim test (FST). Memory deficit was monitored using Morris water maze (MWM). Results Chronic treatment with RSV (20 mg/kg) for 21 days restored various behavioral changes, including neurological scoring tests (cylinder test, spontaneous motility, righting reflex, horizontal bar test, forelimb flexion), actophotometer, rotarod, Randall Sellito and Von Frey. RSV also restores increase in immobility time forced swim test used to evaluate post stroke depression and impaired memory deficit in Morris water maze. RSV administration also attenuated increased nitro-oxidative stress and TNF-α level. RSV being a potent antioxidant also restores changes in endogenous anti-oxidant levels. Conclusion In conclusion, our research demonstrates that RSV has a protective effect against ICH by virtue of its anti-inflammatory property and antioxidant and nitrosative stress restoring property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Lovish Marwaha
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
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28
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Reactive astrogliosis in stroke: Contributions of astrocytes to recovery of neurological function. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:88-103. [PMID: 28057555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neuronal connectivity, particularly in the "peri-infarct" tissue adjacent to the region of ischemic damage, are important contributors to the spontaneous recovery of function that commonly follows stroke. Peri-infarct astrocytes undergo reactive astrogliosis and play key roles in modulating the adaptive responses in neurons. This reactive astrogliosis shares many features with that induced by other forms of damage to the central nervous system but also differs in details that potentially influence neurological recovery. A subpopulation of astrocytes within a few hundred micrometers of the infarct proliferate and are centrally involved in the development of the glial scar that separates the damaged tissue in the infarct from surrounding normal brain. The intertwined processes of astrocytes adjacent to the infarct provide the core structural component of the mature scar. Interventions that cause early disruption of glial scar formation typically impede restoration of neurological function. Marked reactive astrogliosis also develops in cells more distant from the infarct but these cells largely remain in the spatial territories they occupied prior to stroke. These cells play important roles in controlling the extracellular environment and release proteins and other molecules that are able to promote neuronal plasticity and improve functional recovery. Treatments manipulating aspects of reactive astrogliosis can enhance neuronal plasticity following stroke. Optimising these treatments for use in human stroke would benefit from a more complete characterization of the specific responses of peri-infarct astrocytes to stroke as well as a better understanding of the influence of other factors including age, sex, comorbidities and reperfusion of the ischemic tissue.
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29
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Kim MS, Yu JH, Kim CH, Choi JY, Seo JH, Lee MY, Yi CH, Choi TH, Ryu YH, Lee JE, Lee BH, Kim H, Cho SR. Environmental enrichment enhances synaptic plasticity by internalization of striatal dopamine transporters. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2122-2133. [PMID: 26661218 PMCID: PMC5363660 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15613525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) with a complex combination of physical, cognitive and social stimulations enhances synaptic plasticity and behavioral function. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated in detail. We aimed to investigate dopamine-related synaptic plasticity underlying functional improvement after EE. For this, six-week-old CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to EE or standard conditions for two months. EE significantly enhanced behavioral functions such as rotarod and ladder walking tests. In a [18F]FPCIT positron emission tomography scan, binding values of striatal DAT were significantly decreased approximately 18% in the EE mice relative to the control mice. DAT inhibitor administrated to establish the relationship of the DAT down-regulation to the treatment effects also improved rotarod performances, suggesting that DAT inhibition recapitulated EE-mediated treatment benefits. Next, EE-induced internalization of DAT was confirmed using a surface biotinylation assay. In situ proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that EE significantly increased the phosphorylation of striatal DAT as well as the levels of DAT bound with protein kinase C (PKC). In conclusion, we suggest that EE enables phosphorylation of striatal DAT via a PKC-mediated pathway and causes DAT internalization. This is the first report to suggest an EE-mediated mechanism of synaptic plasticity by internalization of striatal DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Yi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyongbum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Lerner RP, Bimpisidis Z, Agorastos S, Scherrer S, Dewey SL, Cenci MA, Eidelberg D. Dissociation of metabolic and hemodynamic levodopa responses in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:31-37. [PMID: 27544483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociation of vasomotor and metabolic responses to levodopa has been observed in human subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) studied with PET and in autoradiograms from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat. In both species, acute levodopa administration was associated with increases in basal ganglia cerebral blood flow (CBF) with concurrent reductions in cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) for glucose in the same brain regions. In this study, we used a novel dual-tracer microPET technique to measure CBF and CMR levodopa responses in the same animal. Rats with unilateral 6-OHDA or sham lesion underwent sequential 15O-water (H215O) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) microPET to map CBF and CMR following the injection of levodopa or saline. A subset of animals was separately scanned under ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane to compare the effects of these anesthetics. Regardless of anesthetic agent, 6-OHDA animals exhibited significant dissociation of vasomotor (ΔCBF) and metabolic (ΔCMR) responses to levodopa, with stereotyped increases in CBF and reductions in CMR in the basal ganglia ipsilateral to the dopamine lesion. No significant changes were seen in sham-lesioned animals. These data faithfully recapitulate analogous dissociation effects observed previously in human PD subjects scanned sequentially during levodopa infusion. This approach may have utility in the assessment of new drugs targeting the exaggerated regional vasomotor responses seen in human PD and in experimental models of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Lerner
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Zisis Bimpisidis
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Stergiani Agorastos
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Sandra Scherrer
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Stephen L Dewey
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Knowles MD, de la Tremblaye PB, Azogu I, Plamondon H. Endocannabinoid CB1 receptor activation upon global ischemia adversely impact recovery of reward and stress signaling molecules, neuronal survival and behavioral impulsivity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 66:8-21. [PMID: 26529486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia in rodents, which mimics cardiac arrest in humans, is associated with a surge in endocannabinoids and increased transmission of dopamine and glutamate leading to excitotoxic cell death. The current study assessed the role of CB1 receptor activation at the moment of an ischemic insult on ensuing regulation of stress and reward signaling molecules, neuronal injury and anxiety-like behavior. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups (n=10/group); sham and ischemic rats administered the CB1 endocannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 (2mg/kg, i.p.) 30min prior to global cerebral ischemia, and vehicle-treated counterparts. The effects of CB1 receptor blockade on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) signaling expression, together with CA1 neuronal damage and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed. Our findings show attenuated CA1 injury and behavioral deficits in AM251-treated ischemic rats. AM251-pretreatment also partially or completely reversed ischemia-induced alterations in TH-ir expression at the hippocampus, ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), normalized DRD1-ir at the medial forebrain bundle, and diminished BLA and PVN-CRH expression. All groups showed comparable vGluT2 expression at the BLA and PVN-parvocellular subdivision. These findings support a determinant role of CB1 receptor activation at time of ischemia on functional recovery. They also support "state-dependent" effects of endocannabinoids, raising considerations in the development of effective molecules to regulate HPA axis function and mood disorders following cardiac arrest and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dunbar Knowles
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Behavioural Neuroscience Group, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Barra de la Tremblaye
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Behavioural Neuroscience Group, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Idu Azogu
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Behavioural Neuroscience Group, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Behavioural Neuroscience Group, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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32
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Kunori N, Kajiwara R, Takashima I. The ventral tegmental area modulates intracortical microstimulation (ICMS)-evoked M1 activity in a time-dependent manner. Neurosci Lett 2016; 616:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The effectiveness of dopamine agonists for treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms post brain injury and stroke. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:317-26. [PMID: 25850757 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury and stroke are among the leading causes of neurological disability worldwide. Although dopaminergic agents have long been associated with improvement of neuropsychiatric outcomes, to date much of the evidence to date has been in case reports and case series or open label trials. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of double-blinded randomised controlled trials (RCT) to determine the effect of dopaminergic agents on pre-defined outcomes of (a) apathy; (b) psychomotor retardation; (c) behavioural management and (d) cognitive function. Databases searched were: Medline, EMBASE, and PsychInfo for human studies. The Cochrane Clinical Trials Database and the TRIP Medical database were also searched. All identified studies, were further hand-searched. RESULTS We identified six studies providing data on 227 participants, 150 of whom received dopaminergic therapy. Trials were compromised by cross-over design, inadequate wash out period, small numbers and heterogeneous outcome measures. However one good quality RCT demonstrates the efficacy of amantadine in behavioural management. One further RCT shows methylphenidate-levodopa is efficacious for mood post-stroke. One study shows rotigotine to improve hemi-inattention caused by prefrontal damage. CONCLUSION Our systematic review demonstrates an evolving evidence base to suggest some benefits in agitation and aggression, mood and attentional deficits. However, there are key limitations of the studies undertaken to date involving small numbers of participants, heterogeneous outcome measures, and variable study designs. There is a need for on-going large prospective double-blind RCTs in these medications using standardised criteria and outcomes to fully understand their effectiveness in this patient group.
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Huck JHJ, Freyer D, Böttcher C, Mladinov M, Muselmann-Genschow C, Thielke M, Gladow N, Bloomquist D, Mergenthaler P, Priller J. De novo expression of dopamine D2 receptors on microglia after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1804-11. [PMID: 26104289 PMCID: PMC4635235 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is the predominant catecholamine in the brain and functions as a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is also a potent immune modulator. In this study, we have characterized the expression of dopamine receptors on murine microglia. We found that cultured primary microglia express dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors. We specifically focused on the D2 receptor (D2R), a major target of antipsychotic drugs. Whereas D2Rs were strongly expressed on striatal neurons in vivo, we did not detect any D2R expression on resident microglia in the healthy brains of wild-type mice or transgenic mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Drd2 promoter. However, cerebral ischemia induced the expression of D2R on Iba1-immunoreactive inflammatory cells in the infarct core and penumbra. Notably, D2R expression was confined to CD45(hi) cells, and GFP BM chimeras revealed that D2R was expressed on activated resident microglia as well as on peripherally derived macrophages in the ischemic brain. Importantly, the D2/3R agonist, pramipexole, enhanced the secretion of nitrite by cultured microglia in response to proinflammatory stimuli. Thus, dopamine may serve as a modulator of microglia function during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojanneke H J Huck
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorette Freyer
- Departments of Experimental Neurology, Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihovil Mladinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Muselmann-Genschow
- Departments of Experimental Neurology, Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Thielke
- Departments of Experimental Neurology, Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Gladow
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Bloomquist
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Departments of Experimental Neurology, Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'NeuroCure', Berlin, Germany.,Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josef Priller
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'NeuroCure', Berlin, Germany.,BIH and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Manaenko A, Yang P, Tang J, Fu W, Zhang JH. Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Suppresses Neuroinflammation Through αB-Crystalline by Inhibition of NF-κB Nuclear Translocation in Experimental ICH Mice Model. Stroke 2015; 46:2637-46. [PMID: 26251254 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury. Recently, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is identified as an important component controlling innate immunity and inflammatory response in central nervous system, and αB-crystallin (CRYAB) is a potent negative regulator on inflammatory pathways. Here, we sought to investigate the role of DRD2 on neuroinflammation after experimental ICH and the potential mechanism mediated by CRYAB. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-four (224) male CD-1 mice were subjected to intrastriatal infusion of bacterial collagenase or autologous blood. Two DRD2 agonists quinpirole and ropinirole were administrated by daily intraperitoneal injection starting at 1 hour after ICH. DRD2 and CRYAB in vivo knockdown was performed 48 hours before ICH insult. Behavioral deficits and brain water content, Western blots, immunofluorescence staining, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, and proteome cytokine array were evaluated. RESULTS Endogenous DRD2 and CRYAB expressions were increased after ICH. DRD2 knockdown aggravated the neurobehavioral deficits and the pronounced cytokine expressions. DRD2 activation by quinpirole and ropinirole ameliorated neurological outcome, brain edema, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, as well as microglia/macrophages activation, in the perihematomal region. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with CRYAB siRNAs. Quinpirole enhanced cytoplasmic binding activity between CRYAB and NF-κB and decreased nuclear NF-κB expression. Similar therapeutic benefits were observed using autologous blood injection model and intranasal delivery of quinpirole. CONCLUSIONS DRD2 may have anti-inflammatory effects after ICH. DRD2 agonists inhibited neuroinflammation and attenuated brain injury after ICH, which is probably mediated by CRYAB and enhanced cytoplasmic binding activity with NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Yujie Chen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Jiang Wu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Peng Yang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.)
| | - Weiling Fu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.).
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.Z., W.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (Y.C.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, CA (Y.Z., Y.C., J.W., A.M., P.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China (J.W.).
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An explorative study regarding the effect of l-deprenyl on cognitive and functional recovery in patients after stroke. J Neurol Sci 2015; 349:117-23. [PMID: 25592412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selegiline (l-deprenyl) is a selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor that has been shown to have neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic properties and to protect neurons in different experimental models of cerebral ischaemia. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate whether selegiline could enhance cognitive and functional recovery in stroke survivors. METHODS This was a randomized controlled study in which patients enrolled within two weeks of stroke underwent a clinical and functional evaluation and a neuropsychological assessment. The patients were given selegiline (10mg/day) or matched placebo once a day for six weeks in addition to standard rehabilitation care. RESULTS Of 137 stroke survivors, 47 patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the Study Group (n=23) or the Control Group (n=24). The statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in most neuropsychological tests after two and six weeks in the study group; these improvements were not replicated in the control group. The between-group analysis revealed that the domains of attention and executive functions benefited most from the drug treatment. With regard to functional status, comparison of clinical scores at admission and discharge showed a statistically significant enhancement in both groups without statistically significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that selegiline administered in the subacute phase can promote cognitive functioning in stroke patients. Further studies will elucidate whether and how this enhancement can impact on functional recovery in the short and in the long term.
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Kim WS, Choi CK, Yoon SH, Kwon JY. Usual dose of caffeine has a positive effect on somatosensory related postural stability in hemiparetic stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med 2014; 38:775-83. [PMID: 25566476 PMCID: PMC4280373 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2014.38.6.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of caffeine on balance control of hemiparetic stroke patients, we investigated the difference in postural stability before and after drinking coffee by observing changes in stability index (SI) from posturography. METHODS Thirty patients with history of stroke and 15 age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. Effect of group factor (of the control and stroke groups) and treatment factor (pre- and post-drinking of coffee) on SI were tested in three conditions: with eyes opened, with eyes closed, and with a pillow support. The effects of these factors on visual deprivation and somatosensory change of subjects were also tested. RESULTS Under all conditions, SI was higher in the stroke group than in the control group. Under eyes-open condition, the treatment factor was not statistically significant. Under eyes-closed condition, the interaction between group and treatment factor was statistically significant. After the subjects drank coffee, SI in the control group was increased. However, SI in the stroke group was decreased. Under pillow-supported condition, the interaction between group and treatment factor appeared marginally significant. For visual deprivation effect, the interaction between treatment and group factor was statistically significant. After caffeine consumption, the visual deprivation effect was increased in control group but decreased in the stroke group. For somatosensory change effect, the interaction between group and treatment factor was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Postural stability of hemiparetic stroke patients related to somatosensory information was improved after intake of usual dose of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sub Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kweon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoun Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Pekny M, Pekna M. Astrocyte reactivity and reactive astrogliosis: costs and benefits. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1077-98. [PMID: 25287860 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions including the generation of new nerve cells and structural as well as functional synapse remodeling. Reactive gliosis or reactive astrogliosis is a term coined for the morphological and functional changes seen in astroglial cells/astrocytes responding to CNS injury and other neurological diseases. Whereas this defensive reaction of astrocytes is conceivably aimed at handling the acute stress, limiting tissue damage, and restoring homeostasis, it may also inhibit adaptive neural plasticity mechanisms underlying recovery of function. Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Pekny
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Kuric E, Ruscher K. Dynamics of major histocompatibility complex class II-positive cells in the postischemic brain--influence of levodopa treatment. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:145. [PMID: 25178113 PMCID: PMC4149192 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia activates both the innate and the adaptive immune response, the latter being activated within days after the stroke onset and triggered by the recognition of foreign antigens. Methods In this study we have investigated the phenotype of antigen presenting cells and the levels of associated major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules in the postischemic brain after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) followed by levodopa/benserazide treatment. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to tMCAO for 105 minutes and received levodopa (20 mg/kg)/benserazide (15 mg/kg) for 5 days starting on day 2 after tMCAO. Thereafter, immune cells were isolated from the ischemic and contralateral hemisphere and analyzed by flow cytometry. Complementarily, the spatiotemporal profile of MHC II-positive (MHC II+) cells was studied in the ischemic brain during the first 30 days after tMCAO; protein levels of MHC II and the levels of inflammation associated cytokines were determined in the ischemic hemisphere. Results We found that microglia/macrophages represent the main MHC II expressing cell in the postischemic brain one week after tMCAO. No differences in absolute cell numbers were found between levodopa/benserazide and vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, MHC II protein levels were significant downregulated in the ischemic infarct core by levodopa/benserazide treatment. This reduction was accompanied by reduced levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 in the ischemic hemisphere. In the contralateral hemisphere, we exclusively detected MHC II+ cells in the corpus callosum. Interestingly, the number of cells was increased by treatment with levodopa/benserazide independent from the infarct size 14 days after tMCAO. Conclusions Results suggest that dopamine signaling is involved in the adaptive immune response after stroke and involves microglia/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enida Kuric
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, Lund, S-22184, Sweden.
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Voltage-sensitive dye imaging of primary motor cortex activity produced by ventral tegmental area stimulation. J Neurosci 2014; 34:8894-903. [PMID: 24966388 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5286-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) receives dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through the mesocortical dopamine pathway. However, few studies have focused on changes in M1 neuronal activity caused by VTA activation. To address this issue, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSD) to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of M1 activity induced by single-pulse stimulation of VTA in anesthetized rats. VSD imaging showed that brief electrical stimulation of unilateral VTA elicited a short-latency excitatory-inhibitory sequence of neuronal activity not only in the ipsilateral but also in the contralateral M1. The contralateral M1 response was not affected by pharmacological blockade of ipsilateral M1 activity, but it was completely abolished by corpus callosum transection. Although the VTA-evoked neuronal activity extended throughout the entire M1, we found the most prominent activity in the forelimb area of M1. The 6-OHDA-lesioned VTA failed to evoke M1 activity. Furthermore, both excitatory and inhibitory intact VTA-induced activity was entirely extinguished by blocking glutamate receptors in the target M1. When intracortical microstimulation of M1 was paired with VTA stimulation, the evoked forelimb muscle activity was facilitated or inhibited, depending on the interval between the two stimuli. These findings suggest that VTA neurons directly modulate the excitability of M1 neurons via fast glutamate signaling and, consequently, may control the last cortical stage of motor command processing.
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Min LJ, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Jing F, Ohshima K, Nakaoka H, Kan-No H, Wang XL, Chisaka T, Bai HY, Iwanami J, Horiuchi M. Direct stimulation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor initiated after stroke ameliorates ischemic brain damage. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1036-44. [PMID: 24572705 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability; however, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of blood pressure-lowering drugs in acute stroke has shown no definite evidence of a beneficial effect on functional outcome. Accumulating evidence suggests that angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor stimulation could contribute to protection against ischemic brain damage. We examined the possibility that direct AT2 receptor stimulation by compound 21 (C21) initiated even after stroke can prevent ischemic brain damage. METHODS Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and the area of cerebral infarction was measured by magnetic resonant imaging. C21 (10 µg/kg/day) treatment was initiated immediately after MCA occlusion by intraperitoneal injection followed by treatment with C21 once daily. RESULTS We observed that ischemic area was enlarged in a time dependent fashion and decreased on day 5 after MCA occlusion. Treatment with C21 initiated after MCA occlusion significantly reduced the ischemic area, with improvement of neurological deficit in a time-dependent manner without affecting blood pressure. The decrease of cerebral blood flow after MCA occlusion was also ameliorated by C21 treatment. Moreover, treatment with C21 significantly attenuated superoxide anion production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor α. Interestingly, C21 administration significantly decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and cerebral edema on the ischemic side. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new evidence that direct AT2 receptor stimulation with C21 is a novel therapeutic approach to prevent ischemic brain damage after acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Fei Jing
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-No
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Chisaka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.
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Kuric E, Ruscher K. Reduction of rat brain CD8+ T-cells by levodopa/benserazide treatment after experimental stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2463-70. [PMID: 24754803 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The activation of inflammatory cascades in the ischemic hemisphere impairs mechanisms of tissue reorganization with consequences for recovery of lost neurological function. Recruitment of T-cell populations to the post-ischemic brain occurs and represents a significant part of the inflammatory response. This study was conducted to investigate if treatment with levodopa, potentially acting as an immunomodulator, affects the T-cell accumulation in the post-ischemic brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 105 min followed by levodopa/benserazide treatment (20 mg/kg/15 mg/kg) for 5 days initiated on day 2 post-stroke. One week after tMCAO, T-cell populations were analysed from brains, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, IL-4, IL-5, interferon gamma and IL-13 were analysed. After levodopa/benserazide treatment, we found a significant reduction of cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+ CD8+ ) in the ischemic hemisphere together with reduced levels of T-cell-associated cytokine IL-5, while other T-cell populations (CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD4+ CD25+) were unchanged compared with vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, a reduced number of cells was associated with reduced levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, expressed in endothelial cells, in the infarct core of levodopa/benserazide-treated animals. Together, we provide the first evidence that dopamine can act as a potential immunomodulator by attenuating inflammation in the post-ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enida Kuric
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
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43
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Puerarin protected the brain from cerebral ischemia injury via astrocyte apoptosis inhibition. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Reversal of stroke induced lymphocytopenia by levodopa/benserazide treatment. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:94-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Allen EN, Cavanaugh JE. Loss of motor coordination in an aging mouse model. Behav Brain Res 2014; 267:119-25. [PMID: 24675158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With age, there is an increase in motor deficits that leads to an increased incidence of slips and falls. As the elderly population continues to grow, there is a need for aging models and research that focus on behavioral deficits that occur with normal, non-diseased aging. The present study was designed to examine the appropriateness of C57Bl/6 male mice as aging animal models using the challenging beam and cylinder tests to measure motor coordination and spontaneous activity, respectively. Using young (2-4 mo), middle-aged (10-12 mo), and aged (22-24 mo) mice, we observed that aged C57Bl/6 male mice make more errors on the challenging beam task and take fewer hind limb steps as compared to young and middle-aged mice. Body weight and food intake were also measured to determine if these parameters were confounding factors in the interpretation of the behavioral data. Increases in body weight and food consumption were not observed in the oldest group that made the most errors. Together these data indicate that aged C57BL/6 mice display age-related motor deficits similar to those seen in humans and are an appropriate model of motor deficits that occur with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Allen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Jane E Cavanaugh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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Quattromani MJ, Cordeau P, Ruscher K, Kriz J, Wieloch T. Enriched housing down-regulates the Toll-like receptor 2 response in the mouse brain after experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 66:66-73. [PMID: 24613658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-ischemic inflammation plays an important role in the evolution of brain injury, recovery and repair after stroke. Housing rodents in an enriched environment provides multisensory stimulation to the brain and enhances functional recovery after experimental stroke, also depressing the release of cytokines and chemokines in the peri-infarct. In order to identify targets for late stroke treatment, we studied the dynamics of inflammation and the contribution of resident Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expressing microglia cells. We took advantage of the biophotonic/bioluminescent imaging technique using the reporter mouse-expressing luciferase and GFP reporter genes under transcriptional control of the murine TLR2 promoter (TLR2-luc/GFP mice) for non-invasive in vivo analysis of TLR2 activation/response in photothrombotic stroke after differential housing. Real-time imaging at 1day after stroke, revealed up-regulation of TLR2 in response to photothrombotic stroke that subsequently declined over time of recovery (14days). The inflammatory response was persistently down-regulated within days of enriched housing, enhancing recovery of lost sensori-motor function in TLR2-luc mice without affecting infarct size. The number of YM1-expressing microglia in the peri-infarct and areas remote from the infarct was also markedly attenuated. Using a live imaging approach, we demonstrate that multisensory stimulation rapidly, persistently and generally attenuates brain inflammation after experimental stroke, reducing the TLR2 response and leading to improved neurological outcome. TLR2-expressing microglia cells may provide targets for new stroke therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Jlenia Quattromani
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Le Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada.
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Le Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada.
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Madinier A, Wieloch T, Olsson R, Ruscher K. Impact of estrogen receptor beta activation on functional recovery after experimental stroke. Behav Brain Res 2014; 261:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kuric E, Wieloch T, Ruscher K. Dopamine receptor activation increases glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in experimental stroke. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Navailles S, Lagière M, Contini A, De Deurwaerdère P. Multisite intracerebral microdialysis to study the mechanism of L-DOPA induced dopamine and serotonin release in the parkinsonian brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:680-92. [PMID: 23541043 DOI: 10.1021/cn400046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is currently one of the best medications for Parkinson's disease. It was assumed for several years that its benefits and side effects were related to the enhancement of dopamine release in the dopamine-depleted striatum. The use of intracerebral microdialysis combined with a pharmacological approach has led to the discovery that serotonergic neurons are responsible for dopamine release induced by L-DOPA. The subsequent use of multisite microdialysis has further revealed that L-DOPA-stimulated dopamine release is widespread and related to the serotonergic innervation. The present Review emphasizes the functional impact of extrastriatal release of dopamine induced by L-DOPA in both the therapeutic and side effects of L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Navailles
- Université
de Bordeaux and ‡Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux
Cedex, France
| | - M. Lagière
- Université
de Bordeaux and ‡Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux
Cedex, France
| | - A. Contini
- Université
de Bordeaux and ‡Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux
Cedex, France
| | - P. De Deurwaerdère
- Université
de Bordeaux and ‡Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux
Cedex, France
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Martín A, Gómez-Vallejo V, San Sebastián E, Padró D, Markuerkiaga I, Llarena I, Llop J. In vivo imaging of dopaminergic neurotransmission after transient focal ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:244-52. [PMID: 23149560 PMCID: PMC3564194 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The precise biologic mechanisms involved in functional recovery processes in response to stroke such as dopaminergic neurotransmission are still largely unknown. For this purpose, we performed in parallel in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) and [(11)C]raclopride at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. In the ischemic territory, PET [(18)F]FDG showed a initial decrease in cerebral metabolism followed by a time-dependent recovery to quasi-normal values at day 14 after ischemia. The PET with [(11)C]raclopride, a ligand for dopamine D(2) receptor, showed a sustained binding during the first week after ischemia that declined dramatically from day 14 to day 28. Interestingly, a slight increase in [(11)C]raclopride binding was observed at days 1 to 3 followed by the uppermost binding at day 7 in the contralateral territory. Likewise, in vitro autoradiography using [(3)H]raclopride confirmed these in vivo results. Finally, the neurologic test showed major neurologic impairment at day 1 followed by a recovery of the cerebral function at day 28 after cerebral ischemia. Taken together, these results might suggest that dopamine D(2) receptor changes in the contralateral hemisphere could have a key role in functional recovery after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Martín
- Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Spain.
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