1
|
Sreelakshmi BJ, Karthika CL, Ahalya S, Kalpana SR, Kartha CC, Sumi S. Mechanoresponsive ETS1 causes endothelial dysfunction and arterialization in varicose veins via NOTCH4/DLL4 signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151420. [PMID: 38759515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicose veins are the most common venous disorder in humans and are characterized by hemodynamic instability due to valvular insufficiency and orthostatic lifestyle factors. It is unclear how changes in biomechanical signals cause aberrant remodeling of the vein wall. Our previous studies suggest that Notch signaling is implicated in varicose vein arterialization. In the arterial system, mechanoresponsive ETS1 is a transcriptional activator of the endothelial Notch, but its involvement in sensing disrupted venous flow and varicose vein formation has not been investigated. Here, we use human varicose veins and cultured human venous endothelial cells to show that disturbed venous shear stress activates ETS1-NOTCH4/DLL4 signaling. Notch components were highly expressed in the neointima, whereas ETS1 was upregulated in all histological layers of varicose veins. In vitro microfluidic flow-based studies demonstrate that even minute changes in venous flow patterns enhance ETS1-NOTCH4/DLL4 signaling. Uniform venous shear stress, albeit an inherently low-flow system, does not induce ETS1 and Notch proteins. ETS1 activation under altered flow was mediated primarily by MEK1/2 and, to a lesser extent, by MEK5 but was independent of p38 MAP kinase. Endothelial cell-specific ETS1 knockdown prevented disturbed flow-induced NOTCH4/DLL4 expression. TK216, an inhibitor of ETS-family, prevented the acquisition of arterial molecular identity and loss of endothelial integrity in cells exposed to the ensuing altered shear stress. We conclude that ETS1 senses blood flow disturbances and may promote venous remodeling by inducing endothelial dysfunction. Targeting ETS1 rather than downstream Notch proteins could be an effective and safe strategy to develop varicose vein therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Sreelakshmi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - C L Karthika
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - S Ahalya
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - S R Kalpana
- Sri Jayadeva Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences & Research, Bangalore 570016, India
| | - C C Kartha
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karabacak M, Schupper AJ, Carr MT, Hickman ZL, Margetis K. From Text to Insight: A Natural Language Processing-Based Analysis of Topics and Trends in Neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:679-689. [PMID: 37988054 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neurosurgical research is a rapidly evolving field, with new research topics emerging continually. To provide a clearer understanding of the evolving research landscape, our study aimed to identify and analyze the prevalent research topics and trends in Neurosurgery. METHODS We used BERTopic, an advanced natural language processing-based topic modeling approach, to analyze papers published in the journal Neurosurgery . Using this method, topics were identified based on unique sets of keywords that encapsulated the core themes of each article. Linear regression models were then trained on the topic probabilities to identify trends over time, allowing us to identify "hot" (growing in prominence) and "cold" (decreasing in prominence) topics. We also performed a focused analysis of the trends in the current decade. RESULTS Our analysis led to the categorization of 12 438 documents into 49 distinct topics. The topics covered a wide range of themes, with the most commonly identified topics being "Spinal Neurosurgery" and "Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia." The hottest topics of the current decade were "Peripheral Nerve Surgery," "Unruptured Aneurysms," and "Endovascular Treatments" while the cold topics were "Chiari Malformations," "Thromboembolism Prophylaxis," and "Infections." CONCLUSION Our study underscores the dynamic nature of neurosurgical research and the evolving focus of the field. The insights derived from the analysis can guide future research directions, inform policy decisions, and identify emerging areas of interest. The use of natural language processing in synthesizing and analyzing large volumes of academic literature demonstrates the potential of advanced analytical techniques in understanding the research landscape, paving the way for similar analyses across other medical disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Karabacak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York , New York , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lauzier DC, Srienc AI, Vellimana AK, Dacey Jr RG, Zipfel GJ. Peripheral macrophages in the development and progression of structural cerebrovascular pathologies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:169-191. [PMID: 38000039 PMCID: PMC10993883 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The human cerebrovascular system is responsible for maintaining neural function through oxygenation, nutrient supply, filtration of toxins, and additional specialized tasks. While the cerebrovascular system has resilience imparted by elaborate redundant collateral circulation from supportive tertiary structures, it is not infallible, and is susceptible to developing structural vascular abnormalities. The causes of this class of structural cerebrovascular diseases can be broadly categorized as 1) intrinsic developmental diseases resulting from genetic or other underlying aberrations (arteriovenous malformations and cavernous malformations) or 2) extrinsic acquired diseases that cause compensatory mechanisms to drive vascular remodeling (aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae). Cerebrovascular diseases of both types pose significant risks to patients, in some cases leading to death or disability. The drivers of such diseases are extensive, yet inflammation is intimately tied to all of their progressions. Central to this inflammatory hypothesis is the role of peripheral macrophages; targeting this critical cell type may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advancement in this area. Here, we comprehensively review the role that peripheral macrophages play in cerebrovascular pathogenesis, provide a schema through which macrophage behavior can be understood in cerebrovascular pathologies, and describe emerging diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Lauzier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anja I Srienc
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ananth K Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralph G Dacey Jr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Deng X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Zhou S, Yang J, Huang Y. Understanding the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformation: genetic variations, epigenetics, signaling pathways, and immune inflammation. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1633-1649. [PMID: 37768356 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a rare but serious cerebrovascular disease whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Studies have found that epigenetic regulation, genetic variation and their signaling pathways, immune inflammation, may be the cause of BAVM the main reason. This review comprehensively analyzes the key pathways and inflammatory factors related to BAVMs, and explores their interplay with epigenetic regulation and genetics. Studies have found that epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs and m6A RNA modification can regulate endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and damage repair of vascular malformations through different target gene pathways. Gene defects such as KRAS, ACVRL1 and EPHB4 lead to a disordered vascular environment, which may promote abnormal proliferation of blood vessels through ERK, NOTCH, mTOR, Wnt and other pathways. PDGF-B and PDGFR-β were responsible for the recruitment of vascular adventitial cells and smooth muscle cells in the extracellular matrix environment of blood vessels, and played an important role in the pathological process of BAVM. Recent single-cell sequencing data revealed the diversity of various cell types within BAVM, as well as the heterogeneous expression of vascular-associated antigens, while neutrophils, macrophages and cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-17A in BAVM tissue were significantly increased. Currently, there are no specific drugs targeting BAVMs, and biomarkers for BAVM formation, bleeding, and recurrence are lacking clinically. Therefore, further studies on molecular biological mechanisms will help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of BAVM and develop potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ognard J, Magro E, Caroff J, Bodani V, Mosimann PJ, Gentric JC. Endovascular Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:323-336. [PMID: 37276887 DOI: 10.1055/a-2105-6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the risk of cerebral hemorrhage, and its related morbidity-mortality, brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. Despite this, there is only one randomized controlled trial on bAVM management, A Randomized trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA). The results of the ARUBA trial favor a noninterventional approach in the case of an unruptured bAVM; however, implementation of these findings is challenging in daily practice. Instead, management of bAVM relies on multidisciplinary discussions that lead to patient-specific strategies based on patient preferences, local expertise, and experience in referral centers. Considering the diverse patterns of presentation and numerous treatment modalities, implementing standardized guidelines in this context proves challenging, notwithstanding the recommendations or expert opinions offered. Endovascular treatment (EVT) of bAVM can be curative, or can serve as an adjunct treatment prior to surgery or radiosurgery ("pre-EVT"). EVT practice is in constant evolution (i.e., venous approach, combination with surgery during the same anesthesia, etc.). Liquid embolic agents such as ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer and cyanoacrylates (CYA), and their method of injection to increase bAVM occlusion have also benefited from technical evolutions such as the use of adjunctive flow arrest techniques (mini balloons, pressure cooker technique, and multiple catheters). Further research is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of EVT for bAVM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ognard
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Elsa Magro
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Jildaz Caroff
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vivek Bodani
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal John Mosimann
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Gentric
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- Inserm, UMR 1304 (GETBO), Western Brittany Thrombosis Study Group, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Falone S. RNA methylation and cellular response to oxidative stress-promoting anticancer agents. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:870-905. [PMID: 36648057 PMCID: PMC10054233 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the complex network that regulates redox homeostasis often underlies resistant phenotypes, which hinder effective and long-lasting cancer eradication. In addition, the RNA methylome-dependent control of gene expression also critically affects traits of cellular resistance to anti-cancer agents. However, few investigations aimed at establishing whether the epitranscriptome-directed adaptations underlying acquired and/or innate resistance traits in cancer could be implemented through the involvement of redox-dependent or -responsive signaling pathways. This is unexpected mainly because: i) the effectiveness of many anti-cancer approaches relies on their capacity to promote oxidative stress (OS); ii) altered redox milieu and reprogramming of mitochondrial function have been acknowledged as critical mediators of the RNA methylome-mediated response to OS. Here we summarize the current state of understanding on this topic, as well as we offer new perspectives that might lead to original approaches and strategies to delay or prevent the problem of refractory cancer and tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karthika CL, Venugopal V, Sreelakshmi BJ, Krithika S, Thomas JM, Abraham M, Kartha CC, Rajavelu A, Sumi S. Oscillatory shear stress modulates Notch-mediated endothelial mesenchymal plasticity in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:22. [PMID: 36934253 PMCID: PMC10024393 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM) are a significant cause of intracranial hemorrhagic stroke and brain damage. The arteriovenous junctions in AVM nidus are known to have hemodynamic disturbances such as altered shear stress, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms coupling shear stress and endothelial dysfunction in cAVMs are poorly understood. We speculated that disturbed blood flow in artery-vein junctions activates Notch receptors and promotes endothelial mesenchymal plasticity during cAVM formation. METHODS We investigated the expression profile of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and cell adhesion markers, as well as activated Notch receptors, in 18 human cAVM samples and 15 control brain tissues, by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical evaluation. Employing a combination of a microfluidic system, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, as well as invasion and inhibitor assays, the effects of various shear stress conditions on Notch-induced EndMT and invasive potential of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/d3) were analyzed. RESULTS We found evidence for EndMT and enhanced expression of activated Notch intracellular domain (NICD3 and NICD4) in human AVM nidus samples. The expression of transmembrane adhesion receptor integrin α9/β1 is significantly reduced in cAVM nidal vessels. Cell-cell adhesion proteins such as VE-cadherin and N-cadherin were differentially expressed in AVM nidus compared with control brain tissues. Using well-characterized hCMECs, we show that altered fluid shear stress steers Notch3 nuclear translocation and promotes SNAI1/2 expression and nuclear localization. Oscillatory flow downregulates integrin α9/β1 and VE-cadherin expression, while N-cadherin expression and endothelial cell invasiveness are augmented. Gamma-secretase inhibitor RO4929097, and to a lesser level DAPT, prevent the mesenchymal transition and invasiveness of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells exposed to oscillatory fluid flow. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides, for the first time, evidence for the role of oscillatory shear stress in mediating the EndMT process and dysregulated expression of cell adhesion molecules, especially multifunctional integrin α9/β1 in human cAVM nidus. Concomitantly, our findings indicate the potential use of small-molecular inhibitors such as RO4929097 in the less-invasive therapeutic management of cAVMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Karthika
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Vani Venugopal
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - B J Sreelakshmi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - S Krithika
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jaya Mary Thomas
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - C C Kartha
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genetics of brain arteriovenous malformations and cerebral cavernous malformations. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:157-167. [PMID: 35831630 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular malformations comprise abnormal development of cerebral vasculature. They can result in hemorrhagic stroke due to rupture of lesions as well as seizures and neurological defects. The most common forms of cerebrovascular malformations are brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). They occur in both sporadic and inherited forms. Rapidly evolving molecular genetic methodologies have helped to identify causative or associated genes involved in genesis of bAVMs and CCMs. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding the genetic basis of these malformations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Associations of Reported Genetic Risk Loci with Sporadic Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Meta-analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2207-2217. [PMID: 36209311 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal nidus of blood vessels that is characterized by a direct connection between arteries and veins without intervening in the capillary network. The exact underlying cause of sporadic AVMs is unknown, but many studies have reported genetic associations between genes that contribute to angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and inflammation. Eleven studies retrieved from Medline Complete, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to February 2022 were included. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Q-tests. Publication bias was also assessed for the shortlisted CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333040 (T > C), ACVRL1 rs2071219 (A > G), and rs11169953 (C > T) polymorphisms. The rs1333040 polymorphism showed a lower association with sporadic brain AVM for T versus C in an allelic model (OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41-0.84). In the recessive model, rs2071219 for AA + AG vs. GG was OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.9. In the recessive model, rs11169953 CC + CT vs. TT was OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.33-0.95. In summary, the results of this study support the association between CDKN2B-AS1 and ACVRL1 polymorphisms and sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. This study summarized the existing information and showed the need for more replication studies on the genetic basis of sporadic AVM. In the future, more genome-wide studies should be conducted to validate and fill existing gaps in knowledge about the mechanisms of sporadic AVM development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tu T, Peng Z, Ren J, Zhang H. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: Immune and Inflammatory Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922281. [PMID: 35844490 PMCID: PMC9280619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a type of vascular anomaly that arises due to the dyshomeostasis of brain capillary networks. In the past two decades, many advances have been made in this research field. Notably, as a more reasonable current view, the CCM lesions should be attributed to the results of a great number of additional events related to the homeostasis disorder of the endothelial cell. Indeed, one of the most fascinating concerns in the research field is the inflammatory perturbation in the immune microenvironment, which would affect the disease progression as well as the patients’ outcomes. In this work, we focused on this topic, and underlined the immune-related factors’ contribution to the CCM pathologic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Peng
- Health Management Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tauziède-Espariat A, Pierre T, Wassef M, Castel D, Riant F, Grill J, Roux A, Pallud J, Dezamis E, Bresson D, Benichi S, Blauwblomme T, Benzohra D, Gauchotte G, Pouget C, Colnat-Coulbois S, Mokhtari K, Balleyguier C, Larousserie F, Dangouloff-Ros V, Boddaert N, Debily MA, Hasty L, Polivka M, Adle-Biassette H, Métais A, Lechapt E, Chrétien F, Sahm F, Sievers P, Varlet P. The dural angioleiomyoma harbors frequent GJA4 mutation and a distinct DNA methylation profile. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:81. [PMID: 35642047 PMCID: PMC9153110 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has defined four vascular lesions in the central nervous system (CNS): arteriovenous malformations, cavernous angiomas (also known as cerebral cavernous malformations), venous malformations, and telangiectasias. From a retrospective central radiological and histopathological review of 202 CNS vascular lesions, we identified three cases of unclassified vascular lesions. Interestingly, they shared the same radiological and histopathological features evoking the cavernous subtype of angioleiomyomas described in the soft tissue. We grouped them together with four additional similar cases from our clinicopathological network and performed combined molecular analyses. In addition, cases were compared with a cohort of 5 soft tissue angioleiomyomas. Three out 6 CNS lesions presented the same p.Gly41Cys GJA4 mutation recently reported in hepatic hemangiomas and cutaneous venous malformations and found in 4/5 soft tissue angioleiomyomas of our cohort with available data. Most DNA methylation profiles were not classifiable using the CNS brain tumor (version 12.5), and sarcoma (version 12.2) classifiers. However, using unsupervised t-SNE analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, 5 of the 6 lesions grouped together and formed a distinct epigenetic group, separated from the clusters of soft tissue angioleiomyomas, other vascular tumors, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and meningiomas. Our extensive literature review identified several cases similar to these lesions, with a wide variety of denominations. Based on radiological and histomolecular findings, we suggest the new terminology of "dural angioleiomyomas" (DALM) to designate these lesions characterized by a distinct DNA methylation pattern and frequent GJA4 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.
- Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Thibaut Pierre
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Wassef
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, 75475, Paris, France
| | - David Castel
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Riant
- Department of Neurovascular Molecular Genetics, Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Roux
- Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Dezamis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bresson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Sandro Benichi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Djallel Benzohra
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Karima Mokhtari
- Service de Neuropathologie, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Balleyguier
- Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédérique Larousserie
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Institut Imagine INSERM U1163 and U1299, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Institut Imagine INSERM U1163 and U1299, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Debily
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Polivka
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, 75475, Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Phillips CM, Stamatovic SM, Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Pathogenesis: Investigating Lesion Formation and Progression with Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5000. [PMID: 35563390 PMCID: PMC9105545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a cerebromicrovascular disease that affects up to 0.5% of the population. Vessel dilation, decreased endothelial cell-cell contact, and loss of junctional complexes lead to loss of brain endothelial barrier integrity and hemorrhagic lesion formation. Leakage of hemorrhagic lesions results in patient symptoms and complications, including seizures, epilepsy, focal headaches, and hemorrhagic stroke. CCMs are classified as sporadic (sCCM) or familial (fCCM), associated with loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1/CCM1, CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3. Identifying the CCM proteins has thrust the field forward by (1) revealing cellular processes and signaling pathways underlying fCCM pathogenesis, and (2) facilitating the development of animal models to study CCM protein function. CCM animal models range from various murine models to zebrafish models, with each model providing unique insights into CCM lesion development and progression. Additionally, these animal models serve as preclinical models to study therapeutic options for CCM treatment. This review briefly summarizes CCM disease pathology and the molecular functions of the CCM proteins, followed by an in-depth discussion of animal models used to study CCM pathogenesis and developing therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Phillips
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Svetlana M. Stamatovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Richard F. Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anuska V. Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang K, Zhao S, Xie Z, Zhang M, Zhao H, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Liu J, Zhang TJ, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Chu J, Yang X, Wu N. Exome-wide Analysis of De Novo and Rare Genetic Variants in Patients With Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Neurology 2022; 98:e1670-e1678. [PMID: 35228337 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is a congenital disorder and a leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke. Germline genetic variants play an essential role in the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformation. However, the biological relevance of the disease-associated genes identified in previous studies is elusive. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate the contribution of germline variants to bAVM and explore the critical molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of bAVM. METHODS Probands with sporadic bAVM were consecutively recruited into this study from November 2015 to November 2018 and underwent exome sequencing. The controls were aggregated from individuals who were not known to have vascular malformation and underwent exome sequencing for clinical or research purposes. The retained control dataset included 4609 individuals, including 251 individuals with parental samples sequenced. We firstly compared de novo variants in cases and controls and performed a pathway enrichment analysis. A gene-based rare variant association analysis was then performed to identify genes whose variants were significantly enriched in cases. RESULTS We collected an exome-sequenced bAVM cohort consisting of 152 trios and 40 singletons. By firstly focusing on de novo variants, we observed a significant mutational burden of de novo likely gene-disrupting variants in cases versus controls. By performing a pathway enrichment analysis of all nonsynonymous de novo variants identified in cases, we found the angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) regulatory pathway to be significantly enriched in patients with bAVM. Through an exome-wide rare variant association analysis utilizing 4394 in-house exome data as controls, we identified SLC19A3 as a disease-associated gene for bAVM. In addition, we found that the SLC19A3 variants in cases are preferably located at the N' side of the SLC19A3 protein. These findings implicate a phenotypic extension of SLC19A3-related disorders with a domain-specific effect. DISCUSSION This study provides insights into the biological basis of bAVM by identifying novel molecular pathways and candidate genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mingqi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yisen Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China.,Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junsheng Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China.,Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|