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Yadav R, Sharma A, Pathak S. A Case Series on Successful Surgical Management of Patients Presenting With Lutembacher's Syndrome to a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Northern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e44371. [PMID: 37779792 PMCID: PMC10540655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD), whether congenital or iatrogenic, and mitral stenosis (MS), whether congenital or acquired, may all come together into a condition called Lutembacher's syndrome (LS). The ASD is typically larger than 15 mm in a normal LS case. However, congenital ASD is less frequent than residual iatrogenic ASD in the current era of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty for acquired MS. This is referred to as iatrogenic LS by cardiologists. Hereby, we report a case series of three patients who presented to us, were diagnosed with LS, a very rare entity, and were managed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Yadav
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Swati Pathak
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
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2
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Morey AGN, Lamb KE, Karnia JJ, Wiggen KE, Lyons BM, Nafe LA, Leach SB. N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-I, and point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with cardiac and noncardiac causes of nonhemorrhagic ascites. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:900-909. [PMID: 37060291 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhemorrhagic ascites (NHA) can be caused by cardiac diseases (cNHA) and noncardiac diseases (ncNHA). N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may differentiate between cNHA and ncNHA. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We compared NT-proBNP and cTnI concentrations as well as POCUS findings in dogs presented with cNHA and ncNHA. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 60) were enrolled based on identification of NHA with an effusion packed cell volume < 10%. METHODS Blood samples were collected and POCUS was performed on all dogs. Dogs were diagnosed with cNHA (n = 28) or ncNHA (n = 32) based on echocardiography. The cNHA group was subdivided into cardiac non-pericardial disease (n = 17) and pericardial disease (n = 11). RESULTS The NT-proBNP concentration (median; range pmol/L) was significantly higher in the cNHA group (4510; 250-10 000) compared to the ncNHA group (739.5; 250-10 000; P = .01), with a sensitivity of 53.8% and specificity of 85.7% using a cut-off of 4092 pmol/L. The NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the cardiac non-pericardial disease group (8339; 282-10 000) compared with the pericardial disease group (692.5; 250-4928; P = .002). A significant difference in cTnI concentration (median; range ng/L) between the cNHA group (300; 23-112 612) and ncNHA group (181; 17-37 549) was not detected (P = .41). A significantly higher number of dogs had hepatic venous and caudal vena cava distension in the cNHA group compared to the ncNHA group, respectively (18/28 vs 3/29, P < .0001 and 13/27 vs 2/29, P < .001). Gall bladder wall edema was not significantly different between groups (4/28 vs 3/29, P = .74). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE NT-proBNP concentration and POCUS help distinguish between cNHA and ncNHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G N Morey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - James J Karnia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly E Wiggen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bridget M Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura A Nafe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacey B Leach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Tara N, Anwar M, Khan MU. A Rare Case of Severe Isolated Right Heart Failure with Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect and Mitral Regurgitation Without Pulmonary Hypertension. Cureus 2023; 15:e34112. [PMID: 36843826 PMCID: PMC9946817 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Typically, right heart failure (RHF) may occur following left heart failure (LHF) in chronic volume overload states such as chronic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) through chronically elevated pulmonary pressures. In Lutembacher syndrome (LS), the direct shunting through a secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD) results in congestive heart failure in the setting of severe mitral stenosis (MS) with or without elevated pulmonary arterial or venous pressures. We report a rare case of severe isolated RHF and bi-atrial enlargement resulting from the direct shunting through a secundum type ASD in the presence of a severe eccentric primary MR. There are no significant cases documented like this after a thorough search using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. A review of the literature suggests that LS is also caused by a combination of mitral regurgitation and a secundum-type atrial septal defect without mitral stenosis, though rarely. Because this is a primary MR, we feel it is a case of LS with MR, ruling out a combination of secondary MR and secundum-type atrial septal defect.
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Zoia A, Drigo M, Caldin M, Simioni P, Piek CJ. Fibrinolysis in Dogs with Intracavitary Effusion: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192487. [PMID: 36230236 PMCID: PMC9558497 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In blood vessels there is a balance between clot formation and its dissolution. Fibrinolysis normally allows the breakdown of blood clots during the healing of injured blood vessels. This process is mediated by the activation of a blood enzyme (plasmin) which breaks down a meshed protein (fibrin) which holds blood clots at the site of the vessel injury. In some diseases, the activation of plasmin becomes excessive, leading to bleeding tendencies (hyperfibrinolysis). Under normal conditions, abdominal and thoracic cavities are filled with a small amount of fluid deriving from the blood. The results of recent studies have shown that, in dogs, all types of pathologic intracavitary fluids have an increased fibrinolytic activity. This increased fibrinolytic activity is also present in their blood, in some cases reaching a hyperfibrinolytic state. Hyperfibrinolysis and bleeding tendencies have also been documented in cardiopathic dogs with ascites. The latter result is surprising considering that thrombotic events are commonly documented in humans and cats with some cardiac diseases. Abstract Physiologic fibrinolysis is a localized process in which stable fibrin strands are broken down by plasmin in response to thrombosis. Plasmin activation can also take place separately from the coagulation process, resulting in pathologic fibrinolysis. When plasmin activation exceeds the neutralizing capacity of plasmin inhibitors, severe bleeding can potentially take place. Although the processes which regulate coagulation and fibrinolysis in the blood are well known, it is less clear as to what extent the same processes take place in the body cavities and whether they influence systemic hemostasis. The results of the studies herein cited demonstrate that coagulation followed by fibrinogenolytic/fibrinolytic activity takes place in all kinds of canine ascitic and pleural fluids. Moreover, systemic clotting abnormalities suggesting primary fibrinolysis/primary hyperfibrinolysis (i.e., elevated plasma fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products [FDPs] and normal D-dimer concentrations with fibrinogen concentrations ≤ 100 mg/dL or above this cut-off, respectively) occur in dogs with intracavitary effusion. Enhanced fibrinolytic activity in dogs with intracavitary effusion can also be detected using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), although the degree of agreement between ROTEM and FDPs, D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations is poor. Finally, contrary to the thrombotic events commonly documented in some humans and cats with cardiac diseases, bleeding tendencies due to primary fibrinolysis/primary hyperfibrinolysis have been documented in dogs with cardiogenic ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zoia
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Viale dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8561098
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Padua University, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- Laboratorio d’Analisi Veterinarie San Marco, Viale dell’Industria 3, Veggiano, 35030 Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Christine J. Piek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 8 Heidelberglaan, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Eng-Frost J, Murray L, Lorensini S, Harjit-Singh RS. Cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis due to Actinomyces meyeri bacterial pericarditis: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2022; 6:ytac260. [PMID: 35821970 PMCID: PMC9272429 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Purulent bacterial pericarditis (PBP) is a highly lethal infection of the pericardial space that arises as a complication of infective illnesses. Purulent bacterial pericarditis remains a diagnostic challenge given its non-specific clinical and investigative features and carries exceedingly high mortality rates due to fulminant sepsis and morbidity including constrictive pericarditis in survivors. We present our management of cardiac tamponade and subsequent constrictive pericarditis due to Actinomyces meyeri PBP. Case summary A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with acute New York Heart Association Class IV dyspnoea and chest discomfort, in the context of multiple hospital presentations over the preceding 8 weeks due to presumed recurrent viral pericarditis. On this admission, initial transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated a large asymmetric pericardial effusion for which he underwent urgent pericardiocentesis. Serial TTE post-pericardiocentesis, however, demonstrated effusion re-accumulation and effusive-constrictive pericarditis, confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Fluid culture was positive for A. meyeri. He was diagnosed with PBP, but his condition deteriorated despite appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy, necessitating semi-urgent surgical pericardiectomy. He recovered well and was discharged on Day 10 post-operatively. Discussion Unlike uncomplicated acute viral or idiopathic pericarditis, PBP portends a very poor prognosis if unrecognized and untreated. Diagnostic challenges persist given its rarity in modern clinical practice; however, PBP should be considered in cases of seemingly recurrent pericarditis. Multi-modal cardiac imaging and careful analysis of pericardial fluid including cultures and lactate dehydrogenase/serum ratios may assist in earlier recognition. In this case, source control and symptom relief were achieved only with combined intravenous antibiotics, surgical evacuation, and pericardiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Eng-Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre , Level 6, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042 , Australia
| | - Lewis Murray
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre , Level 6, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042 , Australia
| | - Scott Lorensini
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre , Level 6, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042 , Australia
| | - Rajinder Singh Harjit-Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre , Level 6, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042 , Australia
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6
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Armstrong SM, Thavendiranathan P, Butany J. The pericardium and its diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Schattner A. Associated Pleural and Pericardial Effusions: An Extensive Differential Explored. Am J Med 2021; 134:435-443.e5. [PMID: 33181104 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent pleural and pericardial effusions are not an unusual finding, but their differential diagnosis remains uncertain. Medline-based review identified an extensive list of infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, iatrogenic, and myriad other etiologies. A single retrospective study had addressed this presentation. Several principles of a diagnostic workup are suggested, acknowledging that a significant minority of patients may not require a comprehensive workup and remain 'idiopathic'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Schattner
- The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Brcic M, Vrtaric A, Unic A, Bozovic M, Nikolac Gabaj N, Miler M, Culej J. Long-term stability of clinically relevant chemistry analytes in pleural and peritoneal fluid. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020; 30:020701. [PMID: 32292279 PMCID: PMC7138007 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our aim was to investigate the stability of clinically relevant analytes in pleural and peritoneal fluids stored in variable time periods and variable storage temperatures prior to analysis. Materials and methods Baseline total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIG), creatinine (CREA), urea, glucose and amylase (AMY) were measured using standard methods in residual samples from 29 pleural and 12 peritoneal fluids referred to our laboratory. Aliquots were stored for 6 hours at room temperature (RT); 3, 7, 14 and 30 days at - 20°C. At the end of each storage period, all analytes were re-measured. Deviations were calculated and compared to stability limits (SL). Results Pleural fluid TP and CHOL did not differ in the observed storage periods (P = 0.265 and P = 0.170, respectively). Statistically significant differences were found for ALB, LD, TRIG, CREA, urea, glucose and AMY. Peritoneal fluid TP, ALB, TRIG, urea and AMY were not statistically different after storage, contrary to LD, CHOL, CREA and glucose. Deviations for TP, ALB, CHOL, TRIG, CREA, urea and AMY in all storage periods tested for both serous fluids were within the SL. Deviations exceeding SL were observed for LD and glucose when stored for 3 and 7 days at - 20°C, respectively. Conclusions TP, ALB, CHOL, TRIG, CREA, urea and AMY are stable in serous samples stored up to 6 hours at RT and/or 30 days at - 20°C. Glucose is stable up to 6 hours at RT and 3 days at - 20°C. The stability of LD in is limited to 6 hours at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Brcic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Unic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Bozovic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Miler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Culej
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Padmakumar S, Menon D. Nanofibrous Polydioxanone Depots for Prolonged Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:654-662. [PMID: 31418659 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190816102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged chemodrug delivery to the tumor site is a prerequisite to maintaining its localised therapeutic concentrations for effective treatment of malignant solid tumors. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to develop implantable polymeric depots through conventional electrospinning for sustained drug delivery, specifically to the peritoneum. METHODS Non-woven electrospun mats were fabricated by simple electrospinning of Polydioxanone solution loaded with the chemodrug, Paclitaxel. The implants were subjected to the analysis of morphology, mechanical properties, degradation and drug release in phosphate buffer and patient-derived peritoneal drain fluid samples. In vivo studies were conducted by surgical knotting of these implants to the peritoneal wall of healthy mice. RESULTS Non-woven electrospun mats with a thickness of 0.65±0.07 mm, weighing ~ 20 mg were fabricated by electrospinning 15 w/v% polymer loaded with 10 w/w% drug. These implants possessing good mechanical integrity showed a drug entrapment efficiency of 87.82±2.54 %. In vitro drug release studies in phosphate buffer showed a sustained profile for ~4 weeks with a burst of 10 % of total drug content, whereas this amounted to >60% in patient samples. Mice implanted with these depots remained healthy during the study period. The biphasic drug release profile obtained in vivo showed a slow trend, with peritoneal lavage and tissues retaining good drug concentrations for a sustained period. CONCLUSION The results indicate that non-woven electrospun mats developed from biodegradable Polydioxanone polymer can serve as ideal candidates for easily implantable drug depots to address the challenges of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
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10
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Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Culej J, Jokic A, Bozovic M, Kocijan I. Laboratory testing of extravascular body fluids: National recommendations on behalf of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part I - Serous fluids. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019; 30:010502. [PMID: 31839720 PMCID: PMC6904973 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravascular body fluids (EBF) analysis can provide useful information in the differential diagnosis of conditions that caused their accumulation. Their unique nature and particular requirements accompanying EBF analysis need to be recognized in order to minimize possible negative implications on patient safety. This recommendation was prepared by the members of the Working group for extravascular body fluid samples (WG EBFS). It is designed to address the total testing process and clinical significance of tests used in EBF analysis. The recommendation begins with a chapter addressing validation of methods used in EBF analysis, and continues with specific recommendations for serous fluids analysis. It is organized in sections referring to the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phase with specific recommendations presented in boxes. Its main goal is to assist in the attainment of national harmonization of serous fluid analysis and ultimately improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes. This recommendation is intended to all laboratory professionals performing EBF analysis and healthcare professionals involved in EBF collection and processing. Cytological and microbiological evaluations of EBF are beyond the scope of this document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic
- Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Working group for extravascular body fluid samples.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Culej
- Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Working group for extravascular body fluid samples.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Jokic
- Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Working group for extravascular body fluid samples.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Haematology and Coagulation with Cytology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Bozovic
- Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Working group for extravascular body fluid samples.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Kocijan
- Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Working group for extravascular body fluid samples.,Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, General hospital Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
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Imazio M, Biondo A, Ricci D, Boffini M, Pivetta E, Brucato A, Giustetto C, De Ferrari GM, Rinaldi M. Contemporary biochemical analysis of normal pericardial fluid. Heart 2019; 106:541-544. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveBiochemical analysis of pericardial fluid (PF) is commonly performed for the initial assessment of PF, and the results are usually interpreted according to Light’s traditional criteria for the differential diagnosis of transudates versus exudates. However, Light’s criteria have been formulated for the biochemical analysis of pleural fluid. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the normal composition of PF in candidates for cardiac surgery.MethodsCohort study with analysis of PF from candidates for cardiac surgery. Exclusion criteria were previous pericardial disease or cardiac surgery, prior myocardial infarction within 3 months, systemic disease (eg, systemic inflammatory diseases, uremia) or drug with potentiality to affect the pericardium.ResultsFifty patients (mean age was 67 years; 95% CI 64 to 71, 29 males, 58.0%) were included in the present analysis. Levels of small molecules were similar in blood and PF. Total proteins in PF was, on average, 0.5 times lower than corresponding plasma levels (p=0.041), while the level of pericardial lactate dehydrogenase was, on average, 1.06 times higher than plasma (p=0.55). Moreover, mononuclear cells were more concentrated in PF than plasma (p=0.17). Traditional Light’s criteria misclassified all PFs as exudates.ConclusionsTraditional Light’s criteria misclassified normal PFs in candidates for cardiac surgery as exudates. This study suggests their futility for the biochemical analysis of PF in clinical practice.
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12
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Simon D, Gilicze O, Farkas N, Najbauer J, Németh P, Lénárd L, Berki T. Correlation of natural autoantibodies and cardiovascular disease-related anti-bacterial antibodies in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:55-63. [PMID: 29573404 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that anti-citrate synthase (anti-CS) immunoglobulin (Ig)M natural autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals without previous antigen stimulation, but no studies have investigated their presence in the pericardial fluid (PF). Therefore, we detected the natural anti-CS IgG/M autoantibody levels in plasma and PF of cardiac surgery patients and investigated their relationship with cardiovascular disease-associated bacterial pathogens. PF and blood samples of 22 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 10 aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients were tested for total Ig levels, natural autoantibodies and infection-related antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex methods. The B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. The total Ig subclass levels were four to eight times lower in PF than in plasma, but the natural anti-CS IgM autoantibodies showed a relative increase in PF. The frequency of CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower in PF than in blood (P = 0·01), with a significant relative increase of B1 cells (P = 0·005). Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody-positive patients had significantly higher anti-CS IgM levels. In CABG patients we found a correlation between anti-CS IgG levels and M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titres. Our results provide the first evidence that natural autoantibodies are present in the PF, and they show a significant correlation with certain anti-bacterial antibody titres in a disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - O Gilicze
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - N Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L Lénárd
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Swift CP, Gwaikolo C, Ssentamu J, Wachekwa I, Adeiza MA, Adu E, Harb R. Body Fluid Testing at John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Liberia. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:86-90. [PMID: 31165167 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To apply a simple method to validate testing for albumin, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein (TP) in peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) at a hospital in Liberia. METHODS Serum and body fluid specimens were mixed to create 100% serum and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% fluid tubes, which were tested on a Biotecnica BT3500. Differences less than 10% between calculated and measured concentrations were considered acceptable. RESULTS The means (confidence intervals) of the percent differences were: albumin/peritoneal 12.8 (6.0-19.7), albumin/pleural 2.8 (1.3-4.2), albumin/CSF 4.8 (2.2-7.5), glucose/peritoneal 4.0 (1.9-6.0), glucose/pleural 4.4 (3.1-5.7), glucose/CSF 2.9 (1.8-4.0), LDH/peritoneal 9.5 (6.3-12.7), LDH/pleural 9.5 (5.4-13.6), LDH/CSF 9.2 (5.2-13.3), TP/peritoneal 7.6 (3.8-11.4), TP/pleural 3.8 (1.5-6.2), and TP/CSF 4.5 (1.0-8.1). CONCLUSIONS All mean differences except for one were less than 10%, allowing for the adoption of clinical testing. The mixing study is a low-cost method for quality-assured testing that can be performed by resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum P Swift
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - John Ssentamu
- Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Ian Wachekwa
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Mukhtar A Adeiza
- Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Eric Adu
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Roa Harb
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Mesothelium and Malignant Mesothelioma. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020007. [PMID: 30965570 PMCID: PMC6630312 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium is an epithelial structure derived from the embryonic mesoderm. It plays an important role in the development of a number of different organs, including the heart, lungs, and intestines. In this publication, we discuss aspects of the development of the mesothelium, where mesothelial structures can be found, and review molecular and cellular characteristics associated with the mesothelium. Furthermore, we discuss the involvement of the mesothelium in a number of disease conditions, in particular in the pathogenesis of mesotheliomas with an emphasis on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)—a primary cancer developing in the pleural cavity.
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Trindade F, Vitorino R, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Pericardial fluid: an underrated molecular library of heart conditions and a potential vehicle for cardiac therapy. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zirlik S, Hildner K, Rieker RJ, Vieth M, Neurath MF, Fuchs FS. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Diagnosing Malignant Pleural Effusions. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5437-5447. [PMID: 30078032 PMCID: PMC6091162 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) enables “in vivo” microscopic tissue diagnosis based on tissue reflectance or tissue fluorescence upon application of fluorescence agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate CLE as a new diagnostic approach for differentiation between malignant versus non-malignant pleural effusions. Material/Methods In 100 patients with pleural effusions, thoracentesis was performed. Cresyl violet and acriflavine were used as contrast agents for probe-based CLE of effusions. CLE video sequences were assessed by 4 independent investigators (2 experienced in this technique, 2 with only basic knowledge). In addition, all CLE samples were evaluated by an expert pathologist (p). Results were compared with conventional cytology of effusions and histology of cell blocks. Results CLE reliably permitted identification of malignant cells in pleural effusions. Sensitivity for detection of malignant effusions was 87% (p: 87%) and 81% (p: 72%) for acriflavine and cresyl violet, respectively. With regard to specificity, acriflavine and cresyl violet yielded a mean value of 99% (p: 100%) and 92% (p: 100%). Conclusions In this pilot study, CLE permitted simple and rapid detection of malignant pleural effusions. Larger prospective studies are warranted to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zirlik
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Joachim Rieker
- Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Hemostatic findings of pleural fluid in dogs and the association between pleural effusions and primary hyperfibrino(geno)lysis: A cohort study of 99 dogs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192371. [PMID: 29462172 PMCID: PMC5819782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine if activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis occurs in canine pleural effusions. Thirty-three dogs with pleural effusions of different origin were studied. Pleural effusion fibrinogen concentrations were significantly lower, while pleural fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher than those in plasma (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). These results show that, in canine pleural fluids, there is evidence of coagulation activation and fibrinolysis. The secondary aims of the current study were to determine if primary hyperfibrinolysis ([PHF] i.e., elevated plasma FDPs with a normal D-dimer concentrations), occurs in dogs with pleural effusion, and whether the presence of a concurrent inflammatory process may have activated the hemostatic cascade, with its intrinsically linked secondary hyperfibrinolysis, masking the concurrent PHF. The previously 33 selected dogs with pleural effusion (group 1) were compared to two control groups of 33 healthy (group 2) and 33 sick dogs without pleural effusion (group 3). Serum fibrinogen, FDPs, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen/CRP ratio, and frequency of PHF were determined. Fibrinogen, FDPs, D-dimer and CRP concentrations in group 1 were significantly increased compared to group 2 (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). FDPs and CRP concentrations in group 1 were also significantly increased compared to group 3 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The fibrinogen/CRP ratio was significantly decreased in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001 for both comparison). The frequency of PHF was significantly higher in group 1 compared to groups 2 (P = 0.004), but not compared to group 3. These results support the hypothesis that PHF occurs significantly more often in dogs with pleural effusion compared to healthy dogs. Nevertheless, the decrease in the fibrinogen/CRP ratio in group 1 compared to group 3, considering the higher FDPs and similar D-dimer concentrations, would suggest that PHF is also more frequent in dogs with pleural effusion compared to sick control dogs, and that this phenomenon is hidden due to concurrent secondary hyperfibrinolysis.
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Volarić D, Flego V, Žauhar G, Bulat-Kardum L. Diagnostic value of tumour markers in pleural effusions. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2018; 28:010706. [PMID: 29472801 PMCID: PMC5806614 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2018.010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated whether tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) in pleural effusions and serum can be used to distinguish pleural effusion aetiology. Materials and methods During the first thoracentesis, we measured pleural fluid and serum tumour marker concentrations and calculated the pleural fluid/serum ratio for patients diagnosed with pleural effusion, using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out and the Hanley and McNeil method was used to test the significance of the difference between the areas under ROC curves (AUCs). In order to detect which tumour marker best discriminates between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions and to establish the predictive value of those markers, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and logistic regression analysis were utilized. Results Serum tumour markers CYFRA 21-1 and NSE as well as pleural NSE were good predictors of pleural effusion malignancy and their combined model was found statistically significant (Chi-square = 28.415, P < 0.001). Respective ROC analysis showed significant discrimination value of the combination of these three markers (AUC = 0.79). Conclusions Serum markers showed superiority to pleural fluid markers in determining pleural fluid aetiology. Serum CYFRA 21-1 and NSE concentrations as well as pleural fluid NSE values had the highest clinical value in differentiating between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. The combination of these three markers produced a significant model to resolve pleural effusion aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Volarić
- Division of Pulmonology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Veljko Flego
- Division of Pulmonology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Žauhar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Bulat-Kardum
- Division of Pulmonology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Effectiveness of computed tomography attenuation values in characterization of pericardial effusion. Anatol J Cardiol 2017; 17:322-327. [PMID: 28100899 PMCID: PMC5469113 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) attenuation values in the characterization of pericardial effusion. METHODS This study consisted of 96 patients with pericardial effusion who underwent pericardiocentesis. For further diagnostic evaluation of pericardial effusion, all the patients were assessed by thorax CT. CT attenuation values were measured from at least 5 different areas of pericardial fluid by specifying the largest region of interest. The average of these measurements was computed and considered as the CT attenuation value of the patient. The patients were classified into two groups: patients with transudative pericardial effusion and those with exudative pericardial effusion. RESULTS CT attenuation values were significantly higher in patients with exudative pericardial effusion than in those with transudative pericardial effusion [14.85±10.7 Hounsfield unit (HU) vs. 1.13±4.3 HU, p<0.001]. CT attenuation values had a close correlation with the pericardial fluid albumin (r=0.829), protein (r=0.752), and LDH (r=0.708) levels; WBC count (r=0.564); protein ratio (r=0.739); and LDH ratio (r=0.689) as well as the albumin gradient (r=-0.725). A cut-off value of 4.7 HU had 80% sensitivity and 87.7% specificity for the identification of exudative pericardial effusion. In addition, a cut-off value of 6.5 HU had 71.4% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity for the prediction of cardiac tamponade. CONCLUSION In patients with pericardial effusion, CT attenuation values seem to be correlated with the characterization parameters of the fluid and may distinguish exudative pericardial effusion from transudative pericardial effusion. This parameter was also found to be a predictor of cardiac tamponade. CT attenuation values can be a useful tool in the clinical evaluation of patients with pericardial effusion.
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Zoia A, Drigo M, Piek C, Simioni P, Caldin M. Hemostatic Findings in Ascitic Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study in 70 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:43-50. [PMID: 27862300 PMCID: PMC5259633 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascitic fluids of horses and humans have fibrinolytic activity, independent of the underlying mechanism of fluid formation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether coagulation and fibrinogenolytic/fibrinolytic activity (ie, low fibrinogen and increased fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products [FDPs], D-dimer, or both) occur in all types of ascitic fluid in dogs. ANIMALS A total of 70 client-owned dogs with ascites. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, dogs were categorized based on the pathophysiology of fluid formation into 4 groups: transudates due to decreased osmotic pressure, transudates due to increased hydrostatic pressure, exudates, and hemorrhagic ascites. Fibrinogen, FDPs, and D-dimer concentrations were measured and then compared in both ascitic fluid and plasma. RESULTS Ten dogs had transudates due to decreased colloid osmotic pressure, 18 had transudates due to increased hydrostatic pressure, 13 had exudates, and 29 had hemorrhagic ascites. Ascitic fibrinogen concentrations (n = 70) were significantly lower (median = 59 mg/dL; range: 59-122 mg/dL) than those in the plasma (median = 168 mg/dL, range: 59-879 mg/dL; P < .0001). Ascitic FDPs concentrations (n = 70) were significantly higher (<5 μg/mL: 3/70 dogs, ≥5 to <20 μg/mL: 11/70 dogs, ≥20 μg/mL: 56/70 dogs) than those in the plasma (<5 μg/mL: 17/70 dogs, ≥5 to <20 μg/mL: 28/70 dogs, ≥20 μg/mL: 25/70 dogs; P < .0001). Ascitic D-dimer concentrations (n = 70) were significantly higher (median = 3.98 μg/mL, range: 0.02-9.19) than those in the plasma (median = 0.11 μg/mL, range: 0.01-4.08; P < .0001). Analysis of the data for each of the 4 different types of ascites showed similar results to those of all the data analyzed together. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ascitic fluid of dogs has evidence of coagulation activation and fibrinogenolytic/fibrinolytic activity and that this phenomenon occurs independent of the underlying mechanism that leads to the formation of ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zoia
- San Marco Veterinary ClinicPaduaItaly
| | - M. Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthVeterinary Padua UniversityAgripolisPaduaItaly
| | - C.J. Piek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - P. Simioni
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPaduaItaly
| | - M. Caldin
- Laboratorio d'Analisi Veterinarie San MarcoPaduaItaly
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Kopcinovic LM, Vogrinc Z, Kocijan I, Culej J, Aralica M, Jokic A, Antoncic D, Bozovic M. Laboratory testing of extravascular body fluids in Croatia: a survey of the Working group for extravascular body fluids of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2016; 26:395-407. [PMID: 27812307 PMCID: PMC5082222 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2016.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that extravascular body fluid (EBF) analysis in Croatia is not harmonized and aimed to investigate preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical procedures used in EBF analysis in order to identify key aspects that should be addressed in future harmonization attempts. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous online survey created to explore laboratory testing of EBF was sent to secondary, tertiary and private health care Medical Biochemistry Laboratories (MBLs) in Croatia. Statements were designed to address preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical procedures of cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal (ascites), pericardial, seminal, synovial, amniotic fluid and sweat. Participants were asked to declare the strength of agreement with proposed statements using a Likert scale. Mean scores for corresponding separate statements divided according to health care setting were calculated and compared. RESULTS The survey response rate was 0.64 (58 / 90). None of the participating private MBLs declared to analyse EBF. We report a mean score of 3.45 obtained for all statements evaluated. Deviations from desirable procedures were demonstrated in all EBF testing phases. Minor differences in procedures used for EBF analysis comparing secondary and tertiary health care MBLs were found. The lowest scores were obtained for statements regarding quality control procedures in EBF analysis, participation in proficiency testing programmes and provision of interpretative comments on EBF's test reports. CONCLUSIONS Although good laboratory EBF practice is present in Croatia, procedures for EBF analysis should be further harmonized to improve the quality of EBF testing and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic
- University Department of Chemistry, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Vogrinc
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Kocijan
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, General hospital Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Jelena Culej
- Department of Transfusiology and Hemostasis, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Merica Aralica
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anja Jokic
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Primary Health Care Centre Zagreb - East, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Antoncic
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Bozovic
- University Department of Chemistry, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in a Term Infant Presenting With Cardiopulmonary Arrest. Adv Neonatal Care 2016; 16:44-51. [PMID: 26742096 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a congenital abnormality of the cardiac conduction system caused by the presence of an abnormal accessory electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles. This can result in intermittent tachyarrhythmias such as supraventricular tachycardia. In rare occasions, sudden death may occur from atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular conduction. Supraventricular tachycardia typically has a sudden onset and offset, classified as a paroxysmal arrhythmia. Because of the variable occurrence, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may go undiagnosed in the immediate newborn period. PURPOSE To highlight arrhythmia as a possible cause of sudden decompensation in infants. CASE FINDINGS/RESULTS The clinical presentation of this infant is complex and a number of potential diagnoses were considered. Preexcitation on electrocardiogram resulted in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses caring for infants should be alert to tachycardia and irregularities of the heart rate, including those in the prenatal history, and should report them for evaluation. While all parents should be taught to watch for signs of illness, parents of infants with Wolff-Parkinson-White have additional learning needs, including recognizing early signs and symptoms of heart failure.
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The Pericardium and Its Diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Shenje J, Ifeoma Adimora-Nweke F, Ross IL, Ntsekhe M, Wiesner L, Deffur A, McIlleron HM, Pasipanodya J, Gumbo T, Mayosi BM. Poor Penetration of Antibiotics Into Pericardium in Pericardial Tuberculosis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1640-9. [PMID: 26870790 PMCID: PMC4740291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial tuberculosis (TB) is associated with high therapy failure and high mortality rates. Antibiotics have to penetrate to site of infection at sufficient non-protein bound concentrations, and then enter bacteria to inhibit intracellular biochemical processes. The antibiotic concentrations achieved in pericardial fluid in TB pericarditis have never been measured before. We recruited two cohorts of patients with TB pericarditis, and left a pigtail catheter in-situ for serial drug concentration measurements over 24 h. Altogether, 704 drug concentrations were comodeled for pharmacokinetic analyses. The drug concentrations achieved in pericardial fluid were compared to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The total rifampicin concentration pericardial-to-serum ratios in 16 paired samples were 0.19 ± 0.33. The protein concentrations of the pericardial fluid in TB pericarditis were observed to be as high as in plasma. The non-protein bound rifampicin concentrations in pericardial fluid were 4-fold lower than rifampicin MICs in the pilot study, and the peak concentration was 0.125 versus 0.208 mg/L in the second (p = 0.001). The rifampicin clearance from pericardial fluid was 9.45 L/h versus 7.82 L/h in plasma (p = 0.002). Ethambutol peak concentrations had a pericardial-to-plasma ratio of 0.55 ± 0.22; free ethambutol peak concentrations were 2.30-lower than MICs (p < 0·001). The pericardial fluid pH was 7.34. The median pyrazinamide peak concentrations were 42.93 mg/L versus a median MIC of 800 mg/L at pH 7.34 (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between isoniazid pericardial fluid and plasma concentrations, and isoniazid peak concentrations were above MIC. This is the first study to measure anti-TB drug concentrations, pH and protein in the pericardial TB fluid. Pericardial concentrations of the key sterilizing drugs for TB were below MIC, which could contribute to poor outcomes. A new regimen that overcomes these limitations might need to be crafted. The amounts of antibiotics such as rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and isoniazid used to treat TB pericarditis that enter pericardial fluid have up to now been unknown The study found that the pH in pericardial fluid was alkaline, which would mean that pyrazinamide effect would be compromised. The protein content in pericardial fluid was high, which would lead to low non-protein bound rifampicin and ethambutol concentrations The concentrations of rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in pericardial were dramatically low and below the MICs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Shenje
- Divisions of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - F Ifeoma Adimora-Nweke
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ian L Ross
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Divisions of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Armin Deffur
- Divisions of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Helen M McIlleron
- Clinical Pharmacology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jotam Pasipanodya
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- Divisions of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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Owen WE, Thatcher ML, Crabtree KJ, Greer RW, Strathmann FG, Straseski JA, Genzen JR. Body fluid matrix evaluation on a Roche cobas 8000 system. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:911-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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