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de Haan EHF, Corballis PM, Hillyard SA, Marzi CA, Seth A, Lamme VAF, Volz L, Fabri M, Schechter E, Bayne T, Corballis M, Pinto Y. Split-Brain: What We Know Now and Why This is Important for Understanding Consciousness. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:224-233. [PMID: 32399946 PMCID: PMC7305066 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the discussion regarding the consequences of cutting the corpus callosum (“split-brain”) has regained momentum (Corballis, Corballis, Berlucchi, & Marzi, Brain, 141(6), e46, 2018; Pinto et al., Brain, 140(5), 1231–1237, 2017a; Pinto, Lamme, & de Haan, Brain, 140(11), e68, 2017; Volz & Gazzaniga, Brain, 140(7), 2051–2060, 2017; Volz, Hillyard, Miller, & Gazzaniga, Brain, 141(3), e15, 2018). This collective review paper aims to summarize the empirical common ground, to delineate the different interpretations, and to identify the remaining questions. In short, callosotomy leads to a broad breakdown of functional integration ranging from perception to attention. However, the breakdown is not absolute as several processes, such as action control, seem to remain unified. Disagreement exists about the responsible mechanisms for this remaining unity. The main issue concerns the first-person perspective of a split-brain patient. Does a split-brain harbor a split consciousness or is consciousness unified? The current consensus is that the body of evidence is insufficient to answer this question, and different suggestions are made with respect to how future studies might address this paucity. In addition, it is suggested that the answers might not be a simple yes or no but that intermediate conceptualizations need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H F de Haan
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul M Corballis
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Hillyard
- School of Health Sciences, University of California Dan Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlo A Marzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anil Seth
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Sussex University, Brighton, UK
| | - Victor A F Lamme
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Volz
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str, 62, Köln, Germany
| | - Mara Fabri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Tim Bayne
- Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Yair Pinto
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Muraoka T, Nakagawa K, Kato K, Qi W, Kanosue K. Interlimb coordination from a psychological perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kento Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Kouki Kato
- Laboratory of Sport Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Weihuang Qi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kazuyuki Kanosue
- Laboratory of Sport Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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Fischer R, Plessow F. Efficient multitasking: parallel versus serial processing of multiple tasks. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1366. [PMID: 26441742 PMCID: PMC4561751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of performance optimizations in multitasking, a central debate has unfolded in multitasking research around whether cognitive processes related to different tasks proceed only sequentially (one at a time), or can operate in parallel (simultaneously). This review features a discussion of theoretical considerations and empirical evidence regarding parallel versus serial task processing in multitasking. In addition, we highlight how methodological differences and theoretical conceptions determine the extent to which parallel processing in multitasking can be detected, to guide their employment in future research. Parallel and serial processing of multiple tasks are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, questions focusing exclusively on either task-processing mode are too simplified. We review empirical evidence and demonstrate that shifting between more parallel and more serial task processing critically depends on the conditions under which multiple tasks are performed. We conclude that efficient multitasking is reflected by the ability of individuals to adjust multitasking performance to environmental demands by flexibly shifting between different processing strategies of multiple task-component scheduling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany ; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Banerjee J, Chandra SP, Kurwale N, Tripathi M. Epileptogenic networks and drug-resistant epilepsy: Present and future perspectives of epilepsy research-Utility for the epileptologist and the epilepsy surgeon. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:S134-40. [PMID: 24791082 PMCID: PMC4001228 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.128688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach is required to understand the complex intricacies of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). A challenge that neurosurgeons across the world face is accurate localization of epileptogenic zone. A significant number of patients who have undergone resective brain surgery for epilepsy still continue to have seizures. The reason behind this therapy resistance still eludes us. Thus to develop a cure for the difficult to treat epilepsy, we need to comprehensively study epileptogenesis. Till date, most of the studies on DRE is focused on undermining the abnormal functioning of receptors involved in synaptic transmission and reduced levels of antiepileptic drugs around there targets. But recent advances in imaging and electrophysiological techniques have suggested the role epileptogenic networks in the process of epileptogenesis. According to this hypothesis, the local neurons recruit distant neurons through complex oscillatory circuits, which further recruit more distant neurons, thereby generating a hypersynchronus neuronal activity. The epileptogenic networks may be confined to the lesion or could propagate to distant focus. The success of surgery depends on the precision by which the epileptogenic network is determined while planning a surgical intervention. Here, we summarize various modalities of electrophysiological and imaging techniques to determine the functionally active epileptogenic networks. We also review evidence pertaining to the proposed role of epileptogenic network in abnormal synaptic transmission which is one of the major causes of epileptiform activity. Elucidation of current concepts in regulation of synaptic transmission by networks will help develop therapies for epilepsy cases that cannot be managed pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Centre of Excellence for Epilepsy Research (A NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarat P Chandra
- Centre of Excellence for Epilepsy Research (A NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration), New Delhi, India ; Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilesh Kurwale
- Centre of Excellence for Epilepsy Research (A NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration), New Delhi, India ; Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Centre of Excellence for Epilepsy Research (A NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration), New Delhi, India ; Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Schumacher EH, Schwarb H, Lightman E, Hazeltine E. Investigating the modality specificity of response selection using a temporal flanker task. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 75:499-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-011-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oliveira FTP, Ivry RB. The Representation of Action: Insights From Bimanual Coordination. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2008; 17:130-135. [PMID: 19606276 PMCID: PMC2709871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The motor-program concept, emphasizing how actions are represented in the brain, helped bring the study of motor control into the realm of cognitive psychology. However, interest in representational issues was in limbo for much of the past 30 years, during which time the focus was on biomechanical and abstract accounts of the constraints underlying coordinated movement. We review recent behavioral and neuroscientific evidence that highlights multiple levels of constraints in bimanual coordination, with an emphasis on work demonstrating that a primary source of constraint arises from the manner in which action goals are represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio T P Oliveira
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
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