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Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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Stee W, Peigneux P. Does Motor Memory Reactivation through Practice and Post-Learning Sleep Modulate Consolidation? Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:72-84. [PMID: 36810845 PMCID: PMC9944088 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrieving previously stored information makes memory traces labile again and can trigger restabilization in a strengthened or weakened form depending on the reactivation condition. Available evidence for long-term performance changes upon reactivation of motor memories and the effect of post-learning sleep on their consolidation remains scarce, and so does the data on the ways in which subsequent reactivation of motor memories interacts with sleep-related consolidation. Eighty young volunteers learned (Day 1) a 12-element Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) before a post-training Regular Sleep (RS) or Sleep Deprivation (SD) night, either followed (Day 2) by morning motor reactivation through a short SRTT testing or no motor activity. Consolidation was assessed after three recovery nights (Day 5). A 2 × 2 ANOVA carried on proportional offline gains did not evidence significant Reactivation (Morning Reactivation/No Morning Reactivation; p = 0.098), post-training Sleep (RS/SD; p = 0.301) or Sleep*Reactivation interaction (p = 0.257) effect. Our results are in line with prior studies suggesting a lack of supplementary performance gains upon reactivation, and other studies that failed to disclose post-learning sleep-related effects on performance improvement. However, lack of overt behavioural effects does not detract from the possibility of sleep- or reconsolidation-related covert neurophysiological changes underlying similar behavioural performance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF—Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Centre—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF—Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Centre—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Baena D, Fang Z, Gibbings A, Smith D, Ray LB, Doyon J, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Functional differences in cerebral activation between slow wave-coupled and uncoupled sleep spindles. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1090045. [PMID: 36741053 PMCID: PMC9889560 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1090045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindles are often temporally coupled to slow waves (SW). These SW-spindle complexes have been implicated in memory consolidation that involves transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex. However, spindles and SW, which are characteristic of NREM sleep, can occur as part of this complex, or in isolation. It is not clear whether dissociable parts of the brain are recruited when coupled to SW vs. when spindles or SW occur in isolation. Here, we tested differences in cerebral activation time-locked to uncoupled spindles, uncoupled SW and coupled SW-spindle complexes using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Consistent with the "active system model," we hypothesized that brain activations time-locked to coupled SW-spindles would preferentially occur in brain areas known to be critical for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Our results show that coupled spindles and uncoupled spindles recruit distinct parts of the brain. Specifically, we found that hippocampal activation during sleep is not uniquely related to spindles. Rather, this process is primarily driven by SWs and SW-spindle coupling. In addition, we show that SW-spindle coupling is critical in the activation of the putamen. Importantly, SW-spindle coupling specifically recruited frontal areas in comparison to uncoupled spindles, which may be critical for the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue that preferentially occurs during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baena
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Gibbings
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura B. Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M. Fogel
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stuart M. Fogel,
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Vakil E, Hayout M, Maler M, Schwizer Ashkenazi S. Day versus night consolidation of implicit sequence learning using manual and oculomotor activation versions of the serial reaction time task: reaction time and anticipation measures. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:983-1000. [PMID: 34115193 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents two experiments that explored consolidation of implicit sequence learning based on two dependent variables-reaction time (RT) and correct anticipations to clarify the role of sleep, and whether the manual component is necessary for consolidation processes. Experiment 1 (n = 37) explored the performance of adults using an ocular variant of the serial reaction time task (O-SRT) with manual activation (MA), and Experiment 2 (n = 37) used the ocular activation (OA) version of the task. Each experiment consisted of a Day and a Night group that performed two sessions of the O-SRT with an intervening 12-h offline period (morning/evening in Day group, evening/following morning in Night group). Night offline had an advantage only when manual response was required and when correct anticipations (i.e., accuracy) but not RT (i.e., speed) were measured. We associated this finding with the dual-learning processes required in the MA O-SRT that led to increased sequence specific learning overnight. When using the OA O-SRT, both groups demonstrated similar rates after offline in RT and correct anticipations. We interpreted this finding to reflect stabilization, which confirmed our hypothesis. As expected, all the groups demonstrated reduced performance when another sequence was introduced, thus reflecting sequence-specific learning. This study used a powerful procedure that allows measurement of implicit sequence learning in several ways: by evaluating two different measures (RT, correct anticipations) and by isolating different aspects of the task (i.e., with/without the manual learning component, more/less general skill learning), which are known to affect learning and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Vakil
- Department of Psychology, Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Moran Hayout
- Department of Psychology, Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Matan Maler
- Department of Psychology, Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Simone Schwizer Ashkenazi
- Department of Psychology, Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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San Anton E, Cleeremans A, Destrebecqz A, Peigneux P, Schmitz R. Spontaneous eyeblinks are sensitive to sequential learning. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:489-500. [PMID: 30243927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although sequential learning and spontaneous eyeblink rate (EBR) have both been shown to be tightly related to cerebral dopaminergic activity, they have never been investigated at the same time. In the present study, EBR, taken as an indirect marker of dopaminergic activity, was investigated in two resting state conditions, both before and after visuomotor sequence learning in a serial reaction time task (SRT) and during task practice. Participants' abilities to produce and manipulate their knowledge about the sequential material were probed in a generation task. We hypothesized that the time course of spontaneous EBR might follow the progressive decrease of RTs during the SRT session. Additionally, we manipulated the structure of the transfer blocks as well as their respective order, assuming that (1) fully random trials might generate a larger psychophysiological response than an unlearned but structured material, and (2) a second (final) block of transfer might give rise to larger effects given that the sequential material was better consolidated after further practice. Finally, we tentatively hypothesized that, in addition to their online version, spontaneous EBR recorded during the pre- and post-learning resting sessions might be predictive of (1) the SRT learning curve, (2) the magnitude of the transfer effects, and (3) performance in the generation task. Results showed successful sequence learning with decreased accuracy and increased reaction times (RTs) in transfer blocks featuring a different material (random trials or a structured, novel sequence). In line with our hypothesis that EBR reflects dopaminergic activity associated with sequential learning, we observed increased EBR in random trials as well as when the second transfer block occurred at the end of the learning session. There was a positive relationship between the learning curve (RTs) and the slope of EBR during the SRT session. Additionally, inter-individual differences in resting and real-time EBR predicted the magnitude of accuracy and RTs transfer effects, respectively, but they were not related to participants' performances during the generation task. Notwithstanding, our results suggest that the degree of explicit sequential knowledge modulates the association between the magnitude of the transfer effect in EBR and SRT performance. Overall, the present study provides evidence that EBR may represent a valid indirect psychophysiological correlate of dopaminergic activity coupled to sequential learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz San Anton
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Belgium; Consciousness Cognition & Computation Group (CO3), Belgium
| | - Axel Cleeremans
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Belgium; Consciousness Cognition & Computation Group (CO3), Belgium
| | - Arnaud Destrebecqz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Belgium; Consciousness Cognition & Computation Group (CO3), Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Belgium
| | - Rémy Schmitz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Belgium.
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7
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Viczko J, Sergeeva V, Ray LB, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Does sleep facilitate the consolidation of allocentric or egocentric representations of implicitly learned visual-motor sequence learning? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:67-77. [PMID: 29339558 PMCID: PMC5772393 DOI: 10.1101/lm.044719.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sleep facilitates the consolidation (i.e., enhancement) of simple, explicit (i.e., conscious) motor sequence learning (MSL). MSL can be dissociated into egocentric (i.e., motor) or allocentric (i.e., spatial) frames of reference. The consolidation of the allocentric memory representation is sleep-dependent, whereas the egocentric consolidation process is independent of sleep or wake for explicit MSL. However, it remains unclear the extent to which sleep contributes to the consolidation of implicit (i.e., unconscious) MSL, nor is it known what aspects of the memory representation (egocentric, allocentric) are consolidated by sleep. Here, we investigated the extent to which sleep is involved in consolidating implicit MSL, specifically, whether the egocentric or the allocentric cognitive representations of a learned sequence are enhanced by sleep, and whether these changes support the development of explicit sequence knowledge across sleep but not wake. Our results indicate that egocentric and allocentric representations can be behaviorally dissociated for implicit MSL. Neither representation was preferentially enhanced across sleep nor were developments of explicit awareness observed. However, after a 1-wk interval performance enhancement was observed in the egocentric representation. Taken together, these results suggest that like explicit MSL, implicit MSL has dissociable allocentric and egocentric representations, but unlike explicit sequence learning, implicit egocentric and allocentric memory consolidation is independent of sleep, and the time-course of consolidation differs significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Viczko
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Valya Sergeeva
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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8
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King BR, Hoedlmoser K, Hirschauer F, Dolfen N, Albouy G. Sleeping on the motor engram: The multifaceted nature of sleep-related motor memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Arciuli J. The multi-component nature of statistical learning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160058. [PMID: 27872376 PMCID: PMC5124083 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The central argument presented in this paper is that statistical learning (SL) is an ability comprised of multiple components that operate largely implicitly. Components relating to the stimulus encoding, retention and abstraction required for SL may include, but are not limited to, certain types of attention, processing speed and memory. It is likely that individuals vary in terms of the efficiency of these underlying components, and in patterns of connectivity among these components, and that SL tasks differ from one another in how they draw on certain underlying components more than others. This theoretical framework is of value because it can assist in gaining a clearer understanding of how SL is linked with individual differences in complex mental activities such as language processing. Variability in language processing across individuals is of central concern to researchers interested in child development, including those interested in neurodevelopmental disorders where language can be affected such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This paper discusses the link between SL and individual differences in language processing in the context of age-related changes in SL during infancy and childhood, and whether SL is affected in ASD. Viewing SL as a multi-component ability may help to explain divergent findings from previous empirical research in these areas and guide the design of future studies.This article is part of the themed issue 'New frontiers for statistical learning in the cognitive sciences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Arciuli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2141, Australia
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Urbain C, De Tiège X, Op De Beeck M, Bourguignon M, Wens V, Verheulpen D, Van Bogaert P, Peigneux P. Sleep in children triggers rapid reorganization of memory-related brain processes. Neuroimage 2016; 134:213-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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de Beukelaar TT, Van Soom J, Huber R, Wenderoth N. A Day Awake Attenuates Motor Learning-Induced Increases in Corticomotor Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:138. [PMID: 27065837 PMCID: PMC4811895 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The "synaptic homeostasis hypothesis" proposes that the brain's capacity to exhibit synaptic plasticity is reduced during the day but restores when sleeping. While this prediction has been confirmed for declarative memories, it is currently unknown whether it is also the case for motor memories. We quantified practice-induced changes in corticomotor excitability in response to repetitive motor sequence training as an indirect marker of synaptic plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Subjects either practiced a motor sequence in the morning and a new motor sequence in the evening, i.e., after a 12 h period of wakefulness (wake group); or they practiced a sequence in the evening and a new sequence in the morning, i.e., after a 12 h period including sleep (sleep group). In both wake and sleep groups motor training improved movement performance irrespective of the time of day. Learning a new sequence in the morning triggered a clear increase in corticomotor excitability suggesting that motor training triggered synaptic adaptation in the M1 that was absent when a new sequence was learned in the evening. Thus, the magnitude of the practice-induced increase in corticomotor excitability was significantly influenced by time of day while the magnitude of motor performance improvements were not. These results suggest that the motor cortex's potential to efficiently adapt to the environment by quickly adjusting synaptic strength in an activity-dependent manner is higher in the morning than in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon T de Beukelaar
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jago Van Soom
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center and Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich (ETH Zürich)Zurich, Switzerland
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Borragán G, Urbain C, Schmitz R, Mary A, Peigneux P. Sleep and memory consolidation: motor performance and proactive interference effects in sequence learning. Brain Cogn 2015; 95:54-61. [PMID: 25682352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
That post-training sleep supports the consolidation of sequential motor skills remains debated. Performance improvement and sensitivity to proactive interference are both putative measures of long-term memory consolidation. We tested sleep-dependent memory consolidation for visuo-motor sequence learning using a proactive interference paradigm. Thirty-three young adults were trained on sequence A on Day 1, then had Regular Sleep (RS) or were Sleep Deprived (SD) on the night after learning. After two recovery nights, they were tested on the same sequence A, then had to learn a novel, potentially competing sequence B. We hypothesized that proactive interference effects on sequence B due to the prior learning of sequence A would be higher in the RS condition, considering that proactive interference is an indirect marker of the robustness of sequence A, which should be better consolidated over post-training sleep. Results highlighted sleep-dependent improvement for sequence A, with faster RTs overnight for RS participants only. Moreover, the beneficial impact of sleep was specific to the consolidation of motor but not sequential skills. Proactive interference effects on learning a new material at Day 4 were similar between RS and SD participants. These results suggest that post-training sleep contributes to optimizing motor but not sequential components of performance in visuo-motor sequence learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Borragán
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Charline Urbain
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rémy Schmitz
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium; LABNIC - Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alison Mary
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ebus SCM, IJff DM, den Boer JT, van Hall MJH, Klinkenberg S, van der Does A, Boon PJ, Arends JBAM, Aldenkamp AP. Changes in the frequency of benign focal spikes accompany changes in central information processing speed: a prospective 2-year follow-up study. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 43:8-15. [PMID: 25546731 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively examined whether changes in the frequency of benign focal spikes accompany changes in cognition. Twenty-six children with benign focal spikes (19 with Rolandic epilepsy) and learning difficulties were examined with repeated 24-hour EEG recordings, three cognitive tests on central information processing speed (CIPS), and questionnaires on cognition and behavior at baseline, 6months, and 2years. Antiepileptic drug changes were allowed when estimated necessary by the treating physician. At baseline, a lower CIPS was correlated with a higher frequency of diurnal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and with worse academic achievement. At follow-up, there was a significant correlation between changes in CIPS and EEG changes in wakefulness (in the same direction) when the EEG outcome was dichotomized in IED frequency "increased" or "not increased". Behavioral problems were more often observed in patients with higher frequency of IEDs in sleep at baseline and in those with ongoing IEDs compared with those with EEG remission (without or with sporadic IEDs in the recording) at the end of the study period. No changes were observed in the results of the questionnaires. A lower diurnal IED frequency at baseline, lack of serial IEDs, and occurrence of only unilateral IEDs were correlated with a higher chance of EEG remission at 2-year follow-up. Electroencephalography remission could not be predicted from other epilepsy variables except from seizure freedom in the last six months. Our results confirm the nonbenign character of 'benign' focal spikes. Whether an early and stable EEG remission can be achieved through antiepileptic treatment and whether this is of benefit for cognitive development should be examined in prospective placebo-controlled randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M Ebus
- Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.
| | - D M IJff
- Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - S Klinkenberg
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - P J Boon
- Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J B A M Arends
- Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A P Aldenkamp
- Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Memory Reactivation in Humans (Imaging Studies). SPRINGER SERIES IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1969-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Csabi E, Varszegi-Schulz M, Janacsek K, Malecek N, Nemeth D. The consolidation of implicit sequence memory in obstructive sleep apnea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109010. [PMID: 25329462 PMCID: PMC4198077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Syndrome is a relatively frequent sleep disorder characterized by disrupted sleep patterns. It is a well-established fact that sleep has beneficial effect on memory consolidation by enhancing neural plasticity. Implicit sequence learning is a prominent component of skill learning. However, the formation and consolidation of this fundamental learning mechanism remains poorly understood in OSA. In the present study we examined the consolidation of different aspects of implicit sequence learning in patients with OSA. We used the Alternating Serial Reaction Time task to measure general skill learning and sequence-specific learning. There were two sessions: a learning phase and a testing phase, separated by a 10-hour offline period with sleep. Our data showed differences in offline changes of general skill learning between the OSA and control group. The control group demonstrated offline improvement from evening to morning, while the OSA group did not. In contrast, we did not observe differences between the groups in offline changes in sequence-specific learning. Our findings suggest that disrupted sleep in OSA differently affects neural circuits involved in the consolidation of sequence learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csabi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Karolina Janacsek
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nick Malecek
- Imaging Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dezso Nemeth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- Imaging Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
Human brain dynamics are nowadays routinely explored at the macroscopic level using a wide variety of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, including single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the past decades, the application of brain imaging methods to the study of sleep raised a renewed interest for the field, especially in the domain of neuroscience. Indeed, these studies enabled researchers to characterize the functional neuroanatomy of sleep stages and identify the neural correlates of phasic and tonic sleep mechanisms. Furthermore, they provided the scientific community with tools to address the crucial question of brain plasticity processes during human sleep, the role of sleep-related plasticity for memory consolidation, and how sleep and the lack of post-training sleep impacts brain functioning in the neural networks underlying memory-related cognitive processes. This chapter reviews the contributions of neuroimaging to our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of sleep and sleep stages, and discusses how sleep contributes to the long-term consolidation of recently acquired memories in light of contemporary neural models for memory consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, CRCN-Centre de Recherches Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191, Av. F Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium,
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Mary A, Schreiner S, Peigneux P. Accelerated long-term forgetting in aging and intra-sleep awakenings. Front Psychol 2013; 4:750. [PMID: 24137151 PMCID: PMC3797403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecture of sleep and the functional neuroanatomical networks subtending memory consolidation processes are both modified with aging, possibly leading to accelerated forgetting in long-term memory. We investigated associative learning and declarative memory consolidation processes in 16 young (18–30 years) and 16 older (65–75 years) healthy adults. Performance was tested using a cued recall procedure at the end of learning (immediate recall), and 30 min and 7 days later. A delayed recognition test was also administered on day 7. Daily sleep diaries were completed during the entire experiment. Results revealed a similar percentage of correct responses at immediate and 30-min recall in young and older participants. However, recall was significantly decreased 7 days later, with an increased forgetting in older participants. Additionally, intra-sleep awakenings were more frequent in older participants than young adults during the seven nights, and were negatively correlated with delayed recall performance on day 7 in the older group. Altogether, our results suggest a decline in verbal declarative memory consolidation processes with aging, eventually leading to accelerated long-term forgetting indicating that increased sleep fragmentation due to more frequent intra-sleep awakenings in older participants contribute to the reported age-related decline in long-term memory retrieval. Our results highlight the sensitivity of long-term forgetting measures to evidence consolidation deficits in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mary
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium ; UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
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