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Bahreini N, Artemenko C, Plewnia C, Nuerk HC. tDCS effects in basic symbolic number magnitude processing are not significantly lateralized. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21515. [PMID: 38057342 PMCID: PMC10700326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization was previously established for various cognitive domains-but not for number processing. Although numbers are considered to be bilaterally represented in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), there are some indications of different functional roles of the left vs. right IPS in processing number pairs with small vs. large distance, respectively. This raises the question whether number size plays a distinct role in the lateralization within the IPS. In our preregistered study, we applied anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left vs. right IPS to investigate the effect of stimulation as compared to sham on small vs. large distance, in both single-digit and two-digit number comparison. We expected that anodal tDCS over the left IPS facilitates number comparison with small distance, while anodal tDCS over the right IPS facilitates number comparison with large distance. Results indicated no effect of stimulation; however, exploratory analyses revealed that tDCS over the right IPS slowed down single-digit number processing after controlling for the training effect. In conclusion, number magnitude processing might be bilaterally represented in the IPS, however, our exploratory analyses emphasise the need for further investigation on functional lateralization of number processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Bahreini
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena, Germany
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2
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Schliephake A, Bahnmueller J, Willmes K, Koch I, Moeller K. Influences of cognitive control on number processing: New evidence from switching between two numerical tasks. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2514-2523. [PMID: 36655942 PMCID: PMC10585943 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that basic numerical abilities such as number magnitude and number parity processing are influenced by cognitive control. So far, however, evidence for number processing being influenced by cognitive control came primarily from observed adaptations to stimulus set characteristics (e.g., ratio or order of specific stimulus types) and switches between a numerical and non-numerical task. Complementing this previous research, the present study employed a task switching paradigm exclusively involving numerical tasks (i.e., magnitude comparisons and parity judgements) to examine how cognitive control processes influence number processing. Participants were presented with a single-digit number and had to either judge its parity or compare its magnitude with a standard of 5, depending on a preceding cue. Based on previous results, we expected the numerical distance effect and the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect to be modulated in switch trials requiring the exertion of cognitive control. Partly in line with our expectations, the numerical distance effect was reduced in switch trials. However, no modulation of the SNARC effect was observed. The results pattern suggests that number processing is influenced by cognitive control, depending on task requirements and the type of numerical information (i.e., numerical magnitude vs spatial association of numbers) that is processed. To reconcile the present and previous results, we propose an information prioritisation account, suggesting that cognitive control primarily influences the processing of the information type that requires the most explicit processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bahnmueller
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iring Koch
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Schroeder PA, Farshad M, Svaldi J. Anodal stimulation of inhibitory control and craving in satiated restrained eaters. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:403-413. [PMID: 35343882 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2051956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eating and weight disorders are severe and complex clinical conditions which, among other behaviors, include (attempts at) restrained eating, food avoidance, following dietary rules, and overeating. Comparable to women with obesity, restrained eaters (RE) without formal eating disorder diagnosis are worse at inhibiting their motor responses than unrestrained eaters (URE). According to neuroimaging studies, the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is involved in inhibitory control which, in turn, could be improved by neuromodulation such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) across rIFG. METHODS This double-blind sham-controlled cross-over study was conducted after a standardized breakfast. Normal-weight female RE und URE performed a stop-signal task (SST) with food and non-food stimuli during sham or anodal tDCS. Food craving, hunger, and satiety were self-reported before and after tDCS. We employed a mixed between-subjects (group: RE vs. URE) and within-subjects factorial design (tDCS: anodal tDCS vs. sham; stimuli: food vs. control pictures). RESULTS Breakfast consumption was comparable for RE and URE, as well as craving, hunger, and thirst. Regarding inhibitory control, a significant two-way interaction between group and tDCS ermerged: RE had longer stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs) during sham tDCS, but they improved to the level of URE by application of anodal tDCS. DISCUSSION Results replicated an inhibitory control deficit in RE with longer SSRTs compared to URE without stimulation. During anodal tDCS to the rIFG, reduced SSRTs in RE indicated an improvement in inhibitory control. The findings suggest a specificity of rIFG stimulation in at-risk groups with regards to inhibitory control irrespective of craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maryam Farshad
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Miklashevsky A, Fischer MH, Lindemann O. Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says 'Yes'. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103791. [PMID: 36370674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In numerical processing, the functional role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs, such as the association of smaller numbers with left space and larger numbers with right space, the Mental Number Line hypothesis) is debated. Most studies demonstrate SNAs with lateralized responses, and there is little evidence that SNAs appear when no response is required. We recorded passive holding grip forces in no-go trials during number processing. In Experiment 1, participants performed a surface numerical decision task ("Is it a number or a letter?"). In Experiment 2, we used a deeper semantic task ("Is this number larger or smaller than five?"). Despite instruction to keep their grip force constant, participants' spontaneous grip force changed in both experiments: Smaller numbers led to larger force increase in the left than in the right hand in the numerical decision task (500-700 ms after stimulus onset). In the semantic task, smaller numbers again led to larger force increase in the left hand, and larger numbers increased the right-hand holding force. This effect appeared earlier (180 ms) and lasted longer (until 580 ms after stimulus onset). This is the first demonstration of SNAs with passive holding force. Our result suggests that (1) explicit motor response is not a prerequisite for SNAs to appear, and (2) the timing and strength of SNAs are task-dependent. (216 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miklashevsky
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, University of Potsdam, Germany.
| | - M H Fischer
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, University of Potsdam, Germany.
| | - O Lindemann
- Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Zhang P, Cao B, Li F. The role of cognitive control in the SNARC effect: A review. Psych J 2022; 11:792-803. [PMID: 35975319 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect, in which people respond to small numbers faster with the left hand and to large numbers faster with the right hand, is a popular topic in cognitive psychology. Some well-known theoretical accounts explaining this effect include the mental number line model, polarity correspondence principle, dual-route model, and working memory account. However, these fail to explain the finding that the size of the SNARC effect is modulated by cognitive control. Here, we propose a new account-a cognitive control-based view of the SNARC effect. This view argues that the SNARC effect is fundamentally determined by cognitive control in resolving conflicts during stimulus-response mapping. Several subcomponents of cognitive control, such as working memory, mental or task set shifting, inhibition control, and conflict adaptation, can easily modulate the SNARC effect. The cognitive control-based view can account for the flexible SNARC effect observed in diverse task situations while providing new insight into its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Schwippel T, Schroeder PA, Hasan A, Plewnia C. Implicit measures of alcohol approach and drinking identity in alcohol use disorder: A preregistered double‐blind randomized trial with cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13180. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwippel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brain Stimulation Center, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH) University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Philipp A. Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Arafat Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brain Stimulation Center, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH) University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brain Stimulation Center, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH) University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Xia X, Li Y, Wang Y, Xia J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang J. Functional role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the modulation of cognitive bias. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13894. [PMID: 34227119 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cognition is often biased. It is a fundamental question in psychology how cognitive bias is modulated in the human brain. Automatic action tendency is a typical cognitive bias. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a crucial area for processing various behavioral tasks. We investigated the functional role of DLPFC in the modulation of cognitive bias by testing the automatic action tendency during automatic and regulated behavioral tasks. Unilateral intermittent or continuous theta burst stimulation (excitatory iTBS or inhibitory cTBS) was used to manipulate the left or right DLPFC excitability and assess the changes in automatic action tendency during a manikin task. An approaching behavior with positive stimulus and avoiding behavior with negative stimulus were performed in an automatic task. An approaching behavior with negative stimulus and avoiding behavior with positive stimulus were performed in a regulated task. Reaction time was measured. We confirmed the automatic action tendency that reaction time for performing an automatic task was shorter than that for performing a regulated task. The automatic action tendency was enhanced after left DLPFC excitatory iTBS and was abolished after left DLPFC inhibitory cTBS stimulation. On the other hand, right DLPFC excitatory iTBS accelerated the avoiding behaviors and right DLPFC inhibitory cTBS accelerated approaching behaviors. The results suggest that left DLPFC modulates the automatic action tendency while the right DLPFC modulates the direction of behavioral tasks. We conclude that left DLPFC and right DLPFC are key nodes in modulating the cognitive bias while their functional roles are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yansong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitong Lin
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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8
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Chen T, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu C, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu F. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves response inhibition. Int J Psychophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.014
expr 874926689 + 897791409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Chen T, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu C, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu F. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves response inhibition. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 162:34-39. [PMID: 33497765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is a critical brain region for response inhibition. However, how it exerts this function remains unclear. This study investigated whether stimulating the right dlPFC by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affects performance on stop signal task. METHODS A total of 92 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups. The anode group received anodal stimulation over the right dlPFC and cathodal stimulation over the left supraorbital; the cathode group received cathodal stimulation over the right dlPFC and anodal stimulation over the left supraorbital; and the sham group received sham tDCS. All subjects performed a computer-based stop-signal task before and after tDCS. RESULT Performance on the response inhibition task after tDCS was improved in groups with both anodal and cathodal stimulation. Specifically, there was a decrease in the stop-signal reaction time in these subjects, whereas no difference was observed in the sham group. Consistent with signal detection theory, discrimination and decision bias was improved by anode tDCS relative to the sham group, while discrimination was also improved in the cathode group. CONCLUSION Anode and cathode tDCS of the right dlPFC improves response inhibition, with the right dlPFC may playing a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.
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10
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Teti Mayer J, Chopard G, Nicolier M, Gabriel D, Masse C, Giustiniani J, Vandel P, Haffen E, Bennabi D. Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve impulsivity in healthy and psychiatric adult populations? A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109814. [PMID: 31715284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multidimensional phenomenon that remains hard to define. It compounds the core pathological construct of many neuropsychiatric illnesses, and despite its close relation to suicide risk, it currently has no specific treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique whose application results in cognitive function improvement, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review of the literature concerning tDCS's effects on impulsive behaviour was performed using the PubMed database. The research was based on the combination of the keyword 'tDCS' with 'impulsivity', 'response inhibition', 'risk-taking', 'planning', 'delay discounting' or 'craving'. The initial search yielded 309 articles, 92 of which were included. Seventy-four papers demonstrated improvement in task performance related to impulsivity in both healthy and clinical adult populations. However, results were often inconsistent. The conditions associated with improvement, such as tDCS parameters and other aspects that may influence tDCS's outcomes, are discussed. The overall effects of tDCS on impulsivity are promising. Yet further research is required to develop a more comprehensive understanding of impulsivity, allowing for a more accurate assessment of its behavioural outcomes as well as a definition of tDCS therapeutic protocols for impulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Teti Mayer
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Gilles Chopard
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Masse
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Giustiniani
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Wang M, Li J, Li D, Zhu C, Wang Y. Modulation of income redistribution decisions by anodal tDCS over the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 2020; 718:134701. [PMID: 31862226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One cause of the persistence of income inequality may be rooted in people's resistance to change the existing income distribution. Prior studies have shown that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may be associated with the decision making that influences income distribution. However, it is unclear whether the mPFC is involved in income redistribution tasks when third-party decision makers are unaffected by the outcome of the decision. In this study, we elucidate the neural mechanism underlying the tolerance of income inequality and the decision making that is related to income redistribution. By applying the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the mPFC, we investigate whether the change in the activation of the mPFC can influence a subject's inclination to expropriate a rich person's endowment and transfer it to a poor person. The main finding is that the anodal stimulation significantly reduced the subject's inclination to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor, and lowered the rate of accepting options for redistribution. However, the willingness of income redistribution did not change following the cathodal stimulation compared with the sham condition. The effect of the anodal stimulation was constant across three types of initial inequality. The stimulation effect is likely caused by the subject's enhanced loss aversion or desire to reinforce social hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China; Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, 250199, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, 250199, Jinan, China; Department of Economics and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dahui Li
- Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 55812, Duluth, USA
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, 250199, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, 250199, Jinan, China
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12
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Schroeder PA, Artemenko C, Cipora K, Svaldi J. Regional specificity of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on spatial-numerical associations: Comparison of four stimulation sites. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:655-667. [PMID: 31785042 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Based on a theory of impulsive and reflective human behavior, we test the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting either prefrontal or parietal cortex in either hemisphere. In a confirmatory registered report, cathodal tDCS is administered to conceptually reproduce tDCS modulations of implicit spatial-numerical associations, numerical distance effects, and response inhibition. Those cognitive operations are hypothesized to draw on left prefrontal, parietal, and right prefrontal activations, respectively, thereby susceptible to inhibitory, cathodal tDCS across those regions. Vice versa, the mutual regional and behavioral specificity of tDCS effects on these behavioral indices is examined and expected to produce double dissociations. In a mixed within-subjects (baseline, during tDCS, post-tDCS) and between-subjects (target electrode: left/right prefrontal cortex/posterior parietal cortex, or sham tDCS) design, we collect (a) confirmatory data on the robustness of cathodal tDCS effects on three behavioral effects and (b) differential data on the specificity of regional targets in male and female human participants. Results will provide crucial tests of theories of cortical organization implied by implicit associations and explicit regulation, which can direct future brain stimulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Artemenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Cipora
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Modulation of creativity by transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1213-1221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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14
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Forgiveness and cognitive control – Provoking revenge via theta-burst-stimulation of the DLPFC. Neuroimage 2018; 183:769-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Schroeder PA, Dignath D, Janczyk M. Individual Differences in Uncertainty Tolerance Are not Associated With Cognitive Control Functions in the Flanker Task. Exp Psychol 2018; 65:245-256. [DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Cognitive control refers to the ability to make correct decisions concurrent to distracting information, and to adapt to conflicting stimulus configurations, eventually promoting goal-directed behavior. Previous research has linked individual differences in cognitive control to psychopathological conditions such as anxiety. However, a link with uncertainty tolerance (UT) has not been tested so far, although both constructs describe cognitive and behavioral performance in ambiguous situations, thus they share some similarities. We probed cognitive control in web-based experimentation (jsPsych) with a simple flanker task (N = 111) and a version without confounds in episodic memory (N = 116). Both experiments revealed two well-established behavioral indices: congruency effects (CEs) and congruency-sequence effects (CSEs). Only small-to-zero correlations emerged between CEs, UT, and need for cognitive closure (NCC), a personality trait inversely related to UT. A subtle correlation (r = .18) was noted in Experiment 2 between NCC and CSE. Throughout, Bayesian analyses provided anecdotal-to-moderate evidence for the null-hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alexander Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Dignath
- Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Janczyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Many studies demonstrated interactions between number processing and either spatial codes (effects of spatial-numerical associations) or visual size-related codes (size-congruity effect). However, the interrelatedness of these two number couplings is still unclear. The present study examines the simultaneous occurrence of space- and size-numerical congruency effects and their interactions both within and across trials. In a magnitude judgment task physically small or large digits were presented left or right from screen center. The reaction times analysis revealed that space- and size-congruency effects coexisted in parallel and combined additively. Moreover, a selective sequential modulation of the two congruency effects was found. The size-congruency effect was reduced after size incongruent trials. The space-congruency effect, however, was only affected by the previous space congruency. The observed independence of spatial-numerical and within-magnitude associations is interpreted as evidence that the two couplings reflect different attributes of numerical meaning possibly related to ordinality and cardinality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiemers
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Bekkering
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Lindemann
- 2 Division of Cognitive Science, University of Potsdam, Germany.,3 Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Reduction of implicit cognitive bias with cathodal tDCS to the left prefrontal cortex. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:263-272. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Experimental designs used to describe psychological effects on overt human behavior are seldom suited to localize their corresponding neural substrates based on the analysis of stimulus-evoked brain hemodynamic responses. This is because stimuli in behavioral studies are usually separated by intertrial intervals (ITIs) in the order of 1 second or so following a behavioral response, which is notoriously too brief a time to detect a corresponding hemodynamic response. In fact, a solution commonly adopted in neuroimaging studies is to prolong the ITI up to several seconds. In doing so, the consequences of ITI variations between behavioral and neuroimaging design variants are either benignly neglected or explicitly assumed to be negligible. Here, we provide a systematic investigation of the consequence of manipulating ITI in a design optimized to study a well-established and highly replicable psychological phenomenon-the spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC). The present exploration encompassed standard estimates of the SNARC effect (i.e., on reaction times and accuracy), estimates of ITI effects on the emotional state of participants before and after performing the SNARC task, as well as the degree of perceived task difficulty. The results showed that, in striking contrast to the common wisdom about the nil role of ITI, the substantial number of parametric differences observed between the two ITI conditions suggests that ITI plays a critical role in shaping the meaning of hemodynamic correlate of a psychological, at least the SNARC, effect.
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19
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Schroeder PA, Nuerk HC, Plewnia C. Switching between Multiple Codes of SNARC-Like Associations: Two Conceptual Replication Attempts with Anodal tDCS in Sham-Controlled Cross-Over Design. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:654. [PMID: 29217996 PMCID: PMC5703834 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In societies with left-to-right reading direction, left-side vs. right-side behavioral decisions are faster for relatively small vs. large number magnitudes, and vice versa, a phenomenon termed Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. But also for non-numerical sequential items, SNARC-like effects were observed, suggesting a common neurocognitive mechanism based on the ordinal structures of both numbers and sequences. Modulation of prefrontal networks that are involved in providing spatial associations during cognitive behavior can contribute to elaborate their neuropsychological theoretical foundations. With transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) directed to the left prefrontal cortex, we recently showed that (i) cathodal tDCS can block the emergence of spatial-numerical associations and that (ii) anodal tDCS can reverse spatial associations of sequential order, most likely based on markedness correspondence. Two conceptual replication attempts of the latter reversal of space-order associations are presented in the current sham-controlled experiment, using either weekdays (Monday-Friday) or month names (January-December) as stimuli in the temporal order classification task. In addition, to control for possible influences of notation, number stimuli were presented as written German names (One-Five). We report on a successful modulation of spatial-numerical associations of response codes (SNARC) effects with month stimuli induced by anodal tDCS, but failed to observe the same reversal of SNARC effects for weekday stimuli. The former stimulation effect was orthogonal to the small anodal tDCS effect on written number words, which replicates the dissociation of SNARC effects for numbers vs. non-numerical sequences. Moreover, this result reinforces the hypothesis that the ordinal item and task structure was the source of dissociation (as opposed to verbal presentation). We suggest that the diverging results can be explained by the markedness correspondence account of spatial associations in a multiple coding framework. Left-hemispheric prefrontal excitation from anodal tDCS renders verbal markedness relatively more dominant, but this effect is not absolute. We discuss task contagion, study design, and individual differences in performance measures or tDCS response as possible contributors to systematic variation of the weights of multiple coding parameters for spatial-numerical associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Diagnostics and Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, Diagnostics and Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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van Campen AD, Kunert R, van den Wildenberg WPM, Ridderinkhof KR. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over inferior frontal cortex impairs the suppression (but not expression) of action impulses during action conflict. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dilene van Campen
- Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Richard Kunert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institut für Psycholinguistik; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Prefrontal neuromodulation reverses spatial associations of non-numerical sequences, but not numbers. Biol Psychol 2017; 128:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Di Rosa E, Bardi L, Umiltà C, Masina F, Forgione M, Mapelli D. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reveals a dissociation between SNARC and MARC effects: Implication for the polarity correspondence account. Cortex 2017. [PMID: 28623718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of stimulus response compatibility (SRC) refers to the existence of a privileged association between a specific stimulus feature and a specific response feature. Two examples of SRC are the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) and the Markedness Association of Response Codes (MARC) effects. According to the polarity correspondence principle, these two SRC effects occur because of a match between the most salient dimensions of stimulus and response. Specifically, the SNARC effect would be caused by a match between right-sided responses and large numbers, while a match between right-sided responses and even numbers would give rise to the MARC effect. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of the polarity correspondence principle in explaining these two SRC effects. To this end, we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which is thought to be the neural basis of salience processing, during a parity judgement task. Results showed that cathodal tDCS over the PPC significantly reduced the MARC effect but did not affect the SNARC effect, suggesting a dissociation between the two effects. That is, the MARC would rely on a salience processing mechanism, whereas the SNARC would not. Despite this interpretation is in need of further experimental confirmations (i.e., testing different tasks or using different tDCS montages), our results suggest that the polarity correspondence principle can be a plausible explanation only for the MARC effect but not for the SNARC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Lara Bardi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Carlo Umiltà
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Masina
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Human Inspired Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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23
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Wiegand A, Nieratschker V, Plewnia C. Genetic Modulation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:651. [PMID: 28066217 PMCID: PMC5177633 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High inter-individual variability substantially challenges the explanatory power of studies on the modulation of cognitive functions with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These differences in responsivity have been linked with a critical state-dependency of stimulation effects. In general, genetic diversity is a decisive biological basis of variations in neuronal network functioning. Therefore, it is most likely that inter-individual variability of tDCS-induced changes in cognitive functions is due to specific interactions between genetically determined network properties and the specific type of stimulation. In this context, predominantly the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val108/158Met polymorphisms have been investigated. The studies on the interaction between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the effect of brain stimulation indicate a critical but yet heterogeneous interaction. But up to now, data on the interplay between this polymorphism and tDCS on cognitive functioning are not available. However, recently, the functional Val(108/158)Met polymorphism in the COMT gene, that is particularly involved in the regulation of executive functions by means of the dopaminergic tone in frontal brain areas, has been demonstrated to specifically predict the effect of tDCS on cognitive control. Following an inverted U-shaped function, the high dopaminergic activity in Met allele homozygous individuals has been shown to be associated with a reduction of executive functioning by anodal tDCS to the prefrontal cortex. Consistently, Val homozygous individuals with lower dopaminergic tone show a clear reduction of response inhibition with cathodal tDCS. These findings exemplify the notion of a complex but neurophysiologically consistent interaction between genetically determined variations of neuronal activity and tDCS, particularly in the cognitive domain. Consequently, a systematic analysis and consideration of genetic modulators of tDCS effects will be helpful to improve the efficacy of brain stimulation and particularly tDCS in the investigation and treatment of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Wiegand
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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