Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, Paraprobiotics and Postbiotic Compounds in IBD

The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the increasing severity of the course of these diseases create the need for developing new methods of therapy. The gut microbiome is extensively studied as a factor influencing the development and course of IBD. The composition of intestinal microbiota can be relatively easily modified by diet (i.e., prebiotics, mainly dietary fibers) and bacterial supplementation using beneficial bacteria strains called probiotics. Additionally, the effects of the improved microbiome could be enhanced or gained by using paraprobiotics (non-viable, inactivated bacteria or their components) and/or postbiotics (products of bacterial metabolism or equal synthetic products that beneficially modulate immunological response and inflammation). This study summarizes the recent works on prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics (products merging pre- and probiotics), paraprobiotics and postbiotics in IBD.

Probiotics Used for Postoperative Infections in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Objective

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis about probiotics to improve postoperative infections in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

The PubMed and the Web of Science were used to search for appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing probiotics with placebo for the patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. The RevMan 5.3 was performed for meta-analysis to evaluate the postoperative infection, including the total infection, surgical site infection, central line infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and postoperative leakage.

Results

Our meta-analysis included 6 studies involving a total of 803 patients. For the incidence of total postoperative infection (odd ratios (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.64, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I² = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99,

Conclusions

Probiotics is beneficial to prevent postoperative infections (including total postoperative infection, surgical site infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia) in patients with colorectal cancer.