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Bhatt P, Kukkar D, Yadav AK, Kim KH. Carbon dot-copper nanocomposite-based fluorescent sensor for detection of creatinine in urine samples of CKD patients. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123666. [PMID: 37992650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine (CR) is accepted as a clinical biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as renal injury and kidney failure. To help facilitate the prognosis of CKD, a highly luminescent carbon dot (CD)-based fluorescent (FL) sensor has been built and employed for CR detection in diverse media (e.g., artificial and human urine). CDs, synthesized from sucrose precursor by a rapid microwave-assisted method (average diameter 20 nm), exhibited highly luminescent green emission upon UV exposure (λexcitation = 390 nm, λemission = 453 nm) with excellent temporal stability over three months. The nanocomposites are formed between CDs and metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) to realize the optimum biosensing of CR. Although Cu2+ ions showcases a maximum quenching (73 %) of the CDs, Cu2+/CDs system restores 77 % of the original FL intensity upon the addition of CR. The linear detection range and limit of detection for CR are estimated as 10-5 to 0.1 mg·dL-1 (R2 = 0.936) and 5.1 × 10-16 mg·dL-1, respectively. Furthermore, our biosensor shows excellent reproducibility and selectivity for CR in urine samples of healthy subjects and CKD patients. The Bland-Altman analysis for urine samples (n = 30) showcased an excellent agreement (R2 = 0.95) between our method and the gold standard 'Jaffe' method. These observations supported the practical utility of our method proposed for detection of CR in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Boss K, Stolpe S, Müller A, Wagner B, Wichert M, Assert R, Volbracht L, Stang A, Kowall B, Kribben A. Effect of serum creatinine difference between the Jaffe and the enzymatic method on kidney disease detection and staging. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2147-2155. [PMID: 37915891 PMCID: PMC10616437 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum creatinine (SCr), mainly determined by the Jaffe or an enzymatic method, is the central marker to assess kidney function. Deviations between these two methods may affect the diagnosis and staging of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The results of the first parallel SCr measurement (Jaffe and enzymatic method) of adult in- and outpatients in the same serum sample at the University Hospital Essen (Essen, Germany) between 2020-2022 were retrospectively evaluated. A Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement (LoAs) was used to assess the difference between the Jaffe and the enzymatic SCr (eSCr) method. We used the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for determination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Results A total of 41 144 parallel SCr measurements were evaluated. On average, Jaffe SCr was 0.07 mg/dl higher than eSCr (LoA -0.12; 0.25 mg/dl). In 19% of all cases there was a different CKD stage when comparing eGFR between both SCr methods, of which 98% resulted in a more severe CKD stage determined with Jaffe SCr. In 1.6% of all cases Jaffe SCr was ≥0.3 mg/dl higher than eSCr. Conclusion The present study showed that methods of SCr measurement may affect both the diagnosis and staging of AKI and CKD. This must be taken into account when interpreting measurements of renal function in everyday clinical practice, but also when planning and comparing studies on renal diseases. One should therefore stay with one method for SCr measurement, preferably with the enzymatic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Boss
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Stolpe
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen,Essen, Germany
| | - André Müller
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wagner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Wichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Assert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Volbracht
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen,Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kowall
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen,Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Soleimani N, Dehghani S, Anbardar MH, Mohammadzadeh S, Amirinezhad Fard E, Zare Sheibani A, Esmaeili MJ, Ebrahimi M. Comparing Jaffe and Enzymatic Methods for Creatinine Measurement at Various Icterus Levels and Their Impacts on Liver Transplant Allocation. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:9804533. [PMID: 37886708 PMCID: PMC10598504 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9804533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring system is used to prioritize liver transplantations and assess disease severity. This includes the international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, and total bilirubin. Since there are several ways to measure creatinine, MELD scores can produce inconsistent results. The objectives of this study were to define a valid cut-off for bilirubin interference in creatinine measurement and to assess the effects of various icteric levels on creatinine measurement and liver transplant allocation. A total of 400 serum samples were categorized into four groups based on their icteric indices and total bilirubin levels, including non-, mild, moderate, and severe icteric samples. Both chemical Jaffe and enzymatic techniques were used to determine the creatinine levels in all four groups, and the findings were compared. In parallel, serum samples from 83 liver transplant candidate patients were divided into three groups depending on their bilirubin levels and then similarly evaluated and interpreted. The MELD scores were then computed for each group and compared. In icteric samples, the enzymatic method produced higher results for the creatinine concentrations than the Jaffe method did, and the mean creatinine difference rose from 0.08 in nonicteric group to 1.95 in groups with severe icterus. In addition, the enzymatic approach yielded higher findings for creatinine and subsequently for MELD scores in patients who were liver transplant candidates. When the bilirubin concentration was above the 4 mg/dL threshold, there were differences between the approaches for both the creatinine and the MELD score (p values: 0.0001 and 0.027, respectively). The chemical Jaffe is a readily available and considerably cost-effective method for measuring creatinine. However, it is influenced by a variety of known and unknown interfering substances, and it should be applied cautiously when working with icteric samples. Alternate techniques such as the enzymatic method should be considered when the bilirubin level exceeds 4 mg/dL. Though this cut-off is instrument and kit-dependent, each laboratory is advised to have its cut-off for bilirubin interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Soleimani
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Dehghani
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Anbardar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahand Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirinezhad Fard
- Medical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zare Sheibani
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Esmaeili
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marsa Ebrahimi
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Postolache L, Parsa A, Simoni P, Boitsios G, Ismaili K, Schurmans T, Monier A, Casimir G, Albert A, Parsa CF. Widespread kidney anomalies in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2361-2368. [PMID: 35118542 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare autopsy studies have described smaller kidneys as well as urinary tract anomalies in Down syndrome. This observation has never been investigated in vivo and little is known about the possible consequences upon kidney function. Here we wish to confirm whether children with Down syndrome have smaller kidneys and to evaluate their kidney function in vivo. METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled 49 children with Down syndrome, as well as 49 age- and sex-matched controls at the Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Doppler and kidney ultrasonography, spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and anthropometric data were recorded. RESULTS Kidney size in children with Down syndrome was smaller than age- and sex-matched controls in terms of length (p < 0.001) and volume (p < 0.001). Kidney function based on eGFR was also decreased in Down syndrome compared to historical normal. Twenty-one of the children with Down syndrome (42%) had eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, with 5 of these (10%) having an eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2. In addition, 7 of the children with Down syndrome (14%) had anomalies of the kidney and/or urinary tract that had previously been undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Children with Down syndrome have significantly smaller kidneys than age-matched controls as well as evidence of decreased kidney function. These findings, in addition to well-noted increased kidney and urologic anomalies, highlight the need for universal anatomical and functional assessment of all individuals with Down syndrome. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Postolache
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Afshin Parsa
- The Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Simoni
- Department of Radiology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grammatina Boitsios
- Department of Radiology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khalid Ismaili
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Schurmans
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Monier
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Casimir
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adelin Albert
- Department of Biostatistics, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cameron F Parsa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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Huang WC, Tung YT, Wu MS, Liu MC, Lin TJ, Yang MT. Low-Osmolality Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution Ingestion Avoid Fluid Loss and Oxidative Stress After Exhaustive Endurance Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040336. [PMID: 32326004 PMCID: PMC7222420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-osmolality carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (LCS) ingestion can replace losses from exercise-induced dehydration, but the benefits of LCS ingestion strategy after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE) remain unknown. The present study evaluated the effects of LCS ingestion on dehydration, oxidative stress, renal function, and aerobic capacity after EEE. In our study with its double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced design, 12 healthy male participants were asked to consume LCS (150 mL four times per hour) or placebo (water) 1 h before and 1 h after EEE. All participants completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), applied to further intensity calibration, and then completed the EEE test. The average heart rate, maximal heart rate, running time to exhaustion, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were recorded during the exercise period. The participants’ body weight was recorded at different time points before and after the EEE to calculate the dehydration rate. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 2 h after EEE to determine indicators of oxidative stress and renal function. The results indicated that the dehydration rates in participants with LCS ingestion at 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min after EEE were significantly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (−1.86 ± 0.47% vs. −2.24 ± 0.72%; −1.78 ± 0.50% vs. −2.13 ± 0.74%; −1.54 ± 0.51% vs. −1.94 ± 0.72%, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of catalase in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was significantly higher than in participants with placebo ingestion (2046.21 ± 381.98 nmol/min/mL vs. 1820.37 ± 417.35 nmol/min/mL; p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of protein carbonyl in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was slightly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (2.72 ± 0.31 nmol carbonyl/mg protein vs. 2.89 ± 0.43 nmol carbonyl/mg protein; p = 0.06). No differences were noted for other variables. Our findings conclude that LCS ingestion can effectively avoid fluid loss and oxidative stress after EEE. However, LCS ingestion had no benefits for renal function or aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11301, Taiwan;
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medicine University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ta Yang
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 2275)
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