1
|
Persico T, Tranquillo ML, Seracchioli R, Zuccarello D, Sorrentino U. PGT-M for Premature Ovarian Failure Related to CGG Repeat Expansion of the FMR1 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:6. [PMID: 38275588 PMCID: PMC10815814 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian failure (POF) is caused by follicle exhaustion and is associated with menstrual irregularities and elevated gonadotropin levels, which lead to infertility before the age of 40 years. The etiology of POI is mostly unknown, but a heterogeneous genetic and familial background can be identified in a subset of cases. Abnormalities in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) are among the most prevalent monogenic causes of POI. These abnormalities are caused by the expansion of an unstable CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated region of FMR1. Expansions over 200 repeats cause fragile X syndrome (FXS), whereas expansions between 55 and 200 CGG repeats, which are defined as a fragile X premutation, have been associated with premature ovarian failure type 1 (POF1) in heterozygous females. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) can be proposed when the female carries a premutation or a full mutation. In this narrative review, we aim to recapitulate the clinical and molecular features of POF1 and their implications in the context of PGT-M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Persico
- Medically Assisted Procreation Center, Maternal and Child Department, Beauregard Hospital, Valle D’Aosta Local Public Health, 11100 Aoste, Italy
| | - Maria Lucrezia Tranquillo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.S.)
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuccarello
- Clinical Genetics and Epidemiology Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.Z.); (U.S.)
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics and Epidemiology Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.Z.); (U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sihombing NRB, Winarni TI, Utari A, van Bokhoven H, Hagerman RJ, Faradz SMH. Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:11-16. [PMID: 33614370 PMCID: PMC7882090 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies have been conducted over the years, however, in Indonesia there is relatively less knowledge on the prevalence of FXS. We reviewed all studies involving FXS screening and cascade testing of the high-risk population in Indonesia for two decades, to elucidate the prevalence, as well as explore the presence of genetic clusters of FXS in Indonesia. The prevalence of FXS in the ID population of Indonesia ranged between 0.9-1.9%, while in the ASD population, the percentage was higher (6.15%). A screening and cascade testing conducted in a small village on Java Island showed a high prevalence of 45% in the ID population, suggesting a genetic cluster. The common ancestry of all affected individuals was suggestive of a founder effect in the region. Routine screening and subsequent cascade testing are essential, especially in cases of ID and ASD of unknown etiology in Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Rena Benita Sihombing
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Indah Winarni
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Agustini Utari
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sultana MH Faradz
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Address correspondence to:Sultana MH Faradz, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH no. 1, Semarang (50275), Central-Java, Indonesia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|