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Ding Y, Chen WJ, Chen J, Yang LY, Wang YF, Zhao XQ, Hu A, Shu Y, Zhao ML. Rapid classification of whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with feature processing method and logistic regression. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:399-411. [PMID: 38079106 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder are suitable for different groups of people due to their differences in composition. Therefore, a rapid classification method for whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder is urgently needed. In this paper, a novel strategy based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and feature processing methods combined with logistic regression (LR) was constructed for the classification of milk powder. A LR classification model based on mini-batch gradient descent (MGD) was employed first. As indicated by the research results, the accuracy of the MGD-LR model for the milk powder samples in the test set is 96.33% and the modeling time is 33.07 s. The modeling efficiency is low and needs to be improved. Principal components analysis (PCA) and mutual information (MI) were used as feature processing methods to reduce the high dimensional LIBS data into fewer features for improving the modeling efficiency of the classification model. The research results indicate that the accuracy of the PCA-MGD-LR model and the MI-MGD-LR model for the test set of milk powder samples was 99.33% and 99.67%, respectively. Compared with MGD-LR model, the modeling efficiency of PCA-MGD-LR and MI-MGD-LR models has increased by 89.7% and 74.8%, respectively. The results fully demonstrate the feasibility of rapid milk powder classification based on LIBS and feature processing methods combined with LR, and it will provide a new technology for the identification and classification of milk powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lin-Yu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xing-Qiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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la Torre ME, Monda A, Messina A, de Stefano MI, Monda V, Moscatelli F, Tafuri F, Saraiello E, Latino F, Monda M, Messina G, Polito R, Tafuri D. The Potential Role of Nutrition in Overtraining Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4916. [PMID: 38068774 PMCID: PMC10708264 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition between athletes and an increase in sporting knowledge have greatly influenced training methods while increasing the number of them more and more. As a result, the number of athletes who have increased the number and intensity of their workouts while decreasing recovery times is rising. Positive overtraining could be considered a natural and fundamental process when the result is adaptation and improved performance; however, in the absence of adequate recovery, negative overtraining could occur, causing fatigue, maladaptation, and inertia. One of the earliest forms of fatigue is overreaching. It is considered to be an accumulation of training that leads to reduced sports performance, requiring days or weeks to recover. Overreaching, if followed by adequate recovery, can lead to an increase in athletic performance. Nonetheless, if overreaching becomes extreme, combined with additional stressors, it could lead to overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS, caused by systemic inflammation, leads to central nervous system (CNS) effects, including depressed mood, further inflammation, central fatigue, and ultimately neurohormonal changes. There are therefore not only physiological, biochemical, and immunological but also psychological symptoms or markers that must be considered, independently or together, being intrinsically linked with overtraining, to fully understand OTS. However, to date, there are very few published studies that have analyzed how nutrition in its specific food aspects, if compromised during OTS, can be both etiology and consequence of the syndrome. To date, OTS has not yet been fully studied, and the topic needs further research. The purpose of this narrative review is therefore to study how a correct diet and nutrition can influence OTS in all its aspects, from prevention to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ester la Torre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Ida de Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Telematic University Pegaso, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Heracle Lab Research in Educational Neuroscience, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - Emma Saraiello
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesca Latino
- Department of Human Sciences, Telematic University Pegaso, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kian Keong Poh
- Editor-in-Chief, Singapore Medical Journal, Singapore,Correspondence: A/Prof Kian Keong Poh, Editor-in-Chief, Singapore Medical Journal, 2985 Jalan Bukit Merah, #02-2C, SMF Building, Singapore 159457.
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