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Cortés-Martínez CI, Chavarría-Hernández N. Production of entomopathogenic nematodes in submerged monoxenic culture: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3968-3985. [PMID: 32710642 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoxenic liquid culture is the most suitable technology for scaling up to industrial production of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); however, the variability of the yield production remains a current problem in the process. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters and criteria for EPN production in liquid culture based on scientific and technological knowledge from the last two decades. While experimental research has permitted the yield production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (362 × 103 infective juveniles [IJs]/ml) and Steinernema carpocapsae (252 × 103 IJs/ml), simultaneously, theoretical approaches have contributed to the understanding of the culture process, based on biological parameters of the bacterium-nematode complex and hydrodynamic and rheological parameters of the complex gas-liquid-solid system. Under this interdisciplinary research approach, bioprocess and biosystem engineering can contribute to design the various control strategies of the process variables, increase the productivity, and reduce the variability that until now distinguishes the in vitro production of EPNs by the liquid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Inocencio Cortés-Martínez
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Norberto Chavarría-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, México
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Sumaya NH, Gohil R, Okolo C, Addis T, Doerfler V, Ehlers RU, Molina C. Applying inbreeding, hybridization and mutagenesis to improve oxidative stress tolerance and longevity of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 151:50-58. [PMID: 29108857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor shelf-life and sensitivity to environmental stress of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are traits, which deserve attention for improvement. Recently, a strong positive correlation between oxidative stress tolerance and longevity of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora dauer juveniles (DJs) has been reported. In this study, the improvement of H. bacteriophora DJ longevity was achieved by hybridization and mutagenesis. A hybrid pool deriving from two oxidative stress tolerant and long-living parental strains was generated. This hybrid AU1 × HU2 survived 2.6 days and 18 days longer than its best parent under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. In addition to the natural genetic variability, an EMS-mutant pool (M-OXI) with high longevity was generated and one of the derived mutagenized inbred lines (MOX-IL6) survived 5.8 days and 28.4 days longer than its donor line (IL3) under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. A genetic cross between the mutagenized inbred line and its donor line (MOX-IL × IL3) still survived 2.5 days and 18.5 days longer than the donor line under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. Concerning virulence and reproductive potential, trade-off effects were not observed as a result of hybridization and mutagenesis. These results underline the potential of classical genetic approaches for trait improvement in the nematode H. bacteriophora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Hope Sumaya
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Riddhi Gohil
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Okolo
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Temesgen Addis
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Verena Doerfler
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Carlos Molina
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
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Sumaya NH, Aryal S, Vandenbossche B, Barg M, Doerfler V, Strauch O, Molina C, Ehlers RU. Phenotyping dauer juvenile oxidative stress tolerance, longevity and persistence within wild type and inbred lines of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The commercial use of the entomopathogenic nematodeHeterorhabditis bacteriophoraas a biocontrol agent against noxious insects is limited due to its relatively short shelf-life. Longevity of dauer juveniles (DJ) during storage and in transit to end users is considerably restricted by environmental stresses. As a derivative stress triggered by environmental factors, oxidative stress causes a strong internal metabolic imbalance leading to lifespan reduction. In this study, the relation between DJ oxidative stress tolerance and longevity inH. bacteriophorawas investigated at 25 and 7°C. A strong and significant correlation between DJ oxidative stress tolerance and longevity during storage in Ringer’s solution ( at 7°C; at 25°C) was recorded. Phenotyping of these traits was performed for 40H. bacteriophorawild type strain and inbred line collections. At 25°C, the mean time survived in Ringer’s by 50% of the DJ (MTS50) ranged from 21 to 57 days, whereas under oxidative stress, survival was from 3 to 22 days. At 7°C, a maximum MTS50of 94 days was assessed when DJ were stored in Ringer’s, while the maximum MTS50was only 25 days with oxidative stress induction. The heritability of DJ tolerance to oxidative stress, determined by using homozygous inbred lines, is high (), an indication of a high probability for successful selective breeding. In a subset of preselectedH. bacteriophorainbred lines, DJ oxidative stress tolerance correlated with the DJ survival (persistence) after application to sand (). The study provides fundamental data required for a genetic breeding programme to produce hybrids with improved stress tolerance and prolonged shelf-life and soil persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Hope Sumaya
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Sitaram Aryal
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mike Barg
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Verena Doerfler
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauch
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Carlos Molina
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kreuzinger-Janik B, Brinke M, Traunspurger W, Majdi N. Life history traits of the free-living nematode, Plectus acuminatus Bastian, 1865, and responses to cadmium exposure. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Free-living nematodes are ubiquitous and play an essential role in ecosystems. However, little is known about their standard life history traits (LHTs), which limits their inclusion in estimations of energy flows and carrying capacities of ecosystems, as well as in modelling population-level responses to toxicants. Thus, we used the hanging-drop method to measure LHTs of Plectus acuminatus with and without exposure to cadmium (2 mg l−1). In controls, the mean lifespan was 68 days and the maximum 114 days. Individuals laid eggs on average 19 days after hatching, while production of offspring peaked at 37 days. Plectus acuminatus individuals were very fertile, producing on average 848 juveniles. Population growth rate of 0.19 was estimated for the control cohort leading to an average population doubling time of 3.65 days. Exposure to cadmium reduced mean lifespan by 62% and affected reproduction as only 22% of individuals produced offspring, leading to a total fertility rate 85% lower than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marvin Brinke
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- University of Bielefeld, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nabil Majdi
- University of Bielefeld, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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