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Kobayashi J, Arisaka Y, Yui N, Akiyama Y, Yamato M, Okano T. Effect of Temperature Changes on Serum Protein Adsorption on Thermoresponsive Cell-Culture Surfaces Monitored by A Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1516. [PMID: 29783706 PMCID: PMC5983614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive cell-culture polystyrene (PS) surfaces that are grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) facilitate the cultivation of cells at 37 °C and the detachment of cultured cells as a sheet with an underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) by reducing the temperature. However, the ECM and cell detachment mechanisms are still unclear because the detachment of cells from thermoresponsive surfaces is governed by complex interactions among the cells/ECM/surface. To explore the dynamic behavior of serum protein adsorption/desorption, thermoresponsive surfaces that correspond to thermoresponsive tissue-culture PS dishes were formed on sensor chips for quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements and temperature-dependent frequency and dissipation shifts, Δf and ΔD, using QCM-D revealed that the thermoresponsive polymers were successfully grafted onto oxidized, thin PS films on the surfaces of the sensor chips. Increased amounts of adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibronectin (FN) were observed on the thermoresponsive polymer-grafted surfaces at 37 °C when compared with those at 20 °C because of enhanced hydrophobic interactions with the hydrophobic, thermoresponsive surface. While the calculated masses of adsorbed BSA and FN using QCM-D were 3⁻5 times more than those that were obtained from radiolabeling, the values were utilized for relative comparisons among the same substrate. More importantly, the thermoresponsive, dynamic behavior of serum protein adsorption/desorption was monitored using the QCM-D technique. Observations of this dynamic behavior revealed that the BSA and FN that were adsorbed at 37 °C remained on both surfaces after decreasing the temperature to 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Yoshikatsu Akiyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center and Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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AKIYAMA Y, OKANO T. Temperature-Responsive Cell Culture Surface for Cell-Sheet Tissue Engineering and Its Design to Express Temperature-Dependent Cell Attachment/Detachment Character. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu AKIYAMA
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Teruo OKANO
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
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3
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Knoll W, Matsuzawa M, Offenhäusser A, Rühe J. Tailoring of Surfaces with Ultrathin Layers for Controlled Binding of Biopolymers and Adhesion and Guidance of Cells. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Choi S, Choi BC, Xue C, Leckband D. Protein Adsorption Mechanisms Determine the Efficiency of Thermally Controlled Cell Adhesion on Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) Brushes. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:92-100. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301390q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changying Xue
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Controlling immunoglobulin G orientation on a protein-A terminated bilayer system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mateescu A, Wang Y, Dostalek J, Jonas U. Thin hydrogel films for optical biosensor applications. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:40-69. [PMID: 24957962 PMCID: PMC4021880 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials consisting of water-swollen polymer networks exhibit a large number of specific properties highly attractive for a variety of optical biosensor applications. This properties profile embraces the aqueous swelling medium as the basis of biocompatibility, non-fouling behavior, and being not cell toxic, while providing high optical quality and transparency. The present review focuses on some of the most interesting aspects of surface-attached hydrogel films as active binding matrices in optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance and optical waveguide mode spectroscopy. In particular, the chemical nature, specific properties, and applications of such hydrogel surface architectures for highly sensitive affinity biosensors based on evanescent wave optics are discussed. The specific class of responsive hydrogel systems, which can change their physical state in response to externally applied stimuli, have found large interest as sophisticated materials that provide a complex behavior to hydrogel-based sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Mateescu
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory (BOMCLab), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
| | - Yi Wang
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory (BOMCLab), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
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7
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Song J, Vancso GJ. Responsive organometallic polymer grafts: electrochemical switching of surface properties and current mediation behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6822-6829. [PMID: 21548623 DOI: 10.1021/la200494r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative adherence and friction measurements between atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and reversibly oxidized and reduced poly(ferrocenyl dimethylsilane) (PFDMS) molecular layers grafted to Au are reported. Poly(ferrocenylsilanes) (PFSs) such as PFDMS owe their redox responsiveness to the presence of ferrocene units, bridged by substituted silicon units, in the main chain. Polymers were obtained by anionic polymerization, which allowed us to copolymerize sulfur containing end groups that facilitated grafting to Au surfaces. Electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM) was used to study adherence and friction as a function of the oxidation state of the polymer. Measurements of interfacial friction as a function of applied load on the nanoscale using Si(3)N(4) AFM tips revealed a reversible increase of the friction coefficient and adherence strength of the PFDMS layers with increasing oxidation state in NaClO(4) electrolytes. The variation of the electrolyte salts (NaClO(4) or NaNO(3)) allowed an assessment of surface counterion adsorption effects. Issues related to the interpretation of observed friction and adherence changes such as electrolyte anion-ferrocenium ion pair effects, and electrostatic forces due to tip surface charges are discussed. Unidirectional current flow was detected in cyclic voltammograms of the PFDMS layers in NaClO(4). This electrode rectification behavior could in principle be utilized for applications in thin film devices based on PFS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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8
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Schmidt SW, Christ T, Glockner C, Beyer MK, Clausen-Schaumann H. Simple coupling chemistry linking carboxyl-containing organic molecules to silicon oxide surfaces under acidic conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15333-15338. [PMID: 20822126 DOI: 10.1021/la102435f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The coupling chemistry of carboxymethylated amylose with organo-silanized silicon oxide surfaces at pH 7.4 and 2.0 was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-molecule force spectroscopy. At close to neutral pH, carbodiimide activation of a carboxylic acid affords formation of an amide bond with an amino surface linker. At pH 2.0, no activation with carbodiimide was required to anchor carboxymethylated amylose between an AFM tip and a glass substrate. At the same time, the mean bond rupture force f(r) dropped from 1.65 ± 0.37 nN at pH 7.4 to 1.39 ± 0.30 nN at pH 2.0 without carbodiimide, indicating that a different link to the surface can be formed at low pH. The coupling mechanism at pH 2.0 was elucidated by a series of experiments, in which the surface was functionalized with four different organosilanes, each containing characteristic functional groups. The results are rationalized with an acid-catalyzed ester condensation between a carboxyl group and a free, unreacted silanol group in the surface anchor or on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Schmidt
- Department of Precision- and Micro-Engineering, Engineering Physics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstr. 34, 80335 Munich, Germany
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9
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Corey JM, Gertz CC, Sutton TJ, Chen Q, Mycek KB, Wang BS, Martin AA, Johnson SL, Feldman EL. Patterning N-type and S-type neuroblastoma cells with Pluronic F108 and ECM proteins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:673-86. [PMID: 19609877 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Influencing cell shape using micropatterned substrates affects cell behaviors, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Cell shape may also affect these behaviors in human neuroblastoma (NBL) cancer, but to date, no substrate design has effectively patterned multiple clinically important human NBL lines. In this study, we investigated whether Pluronic F108 was an effective antiadhesive coating for human NBL cells and whether it would localize three NBL lines to adhesive regions of tissue culture plastic or collagen I on substrate patterns. The adhesion and patterning of an S-type line, SH-EP, and two N-type lines, SH-SY5Y and IMR-32, were tested. In adhesion assays, F108 deterred NBL adhesion equally as well as two antiadhesive organofunctional silanes and far better than bovine serum albumin. Patterned stripes of F108 restricted all three human NBL lines to adhesive stripes of tissue culture plastic. We then investigated four schemes of applying collagen and F108 to different regions of a substrate. Contact with collagen obliterates the ability of F108 to deter NBL adhesion, limiting how both materials can be applied to substrates to produce high fidelity NBL patterning. This patterned substrate design should facilitate investigations of the role of cell shape in NBL cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Corey
- Department of Neurology, The University of Michigan, 5013 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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10
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Thermally-responsive surfaces comprising grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) chains: Surface characterisation and reversible capture of dispersed polymer particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 340:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Rzaev ZM, Dinçer S, Pişkin E. Functional copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide for bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Cui L, Li B, Han Y. Transformation from ordered islands to holes in phase-separating P2VP/PS blend films by adding Triton X-100. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3349-54. [PMID: 17286414 DOI: 10.1021/la061769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous investigation showed that the ordered hexagonal island pattern in the phase-separating polymeric blend films of polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS/P2VP) formed due to the convection effect by proper control of PS molecular weight, solvent evaporation rate, and the weight ratio of PS to P2VP. In this paper, we further illustrate that, by adding a proper amount of the surfactant Triton X-100 to the PS/P2VP toluene solution, the ordered hexagonal island pattern can be transformed to the ordered honeycomb pattern. The effects of the amount of Triton X-100 on the surface morphology evolution and the pattern transformation are discussed in terms of the collapse of Triton X-100, phase separation between Triton X-100/P2VP and PS, the interfacial interaction between Triton X-100/P2VP and the mica substrate, and the Bénard-Marangoni convection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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13
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Ehrlicher A, Betz T, Stuhrmann B, Gögler M, Koch D, Franze K, Lu Y, Käs J. Optical Neuronal Guidance. Methods Cell Biol 2007; 83:495-520. [PMID: 17613322 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(07)83021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel technique to noninvasively control the growth and turning behavior of an extending neurite. A highly focused infrared laser, positioned at the leading edge of a neurite, has been found to induce extension/turning toward the beam's center. This technique has been used successfully to guide NG108-15 and PC12 cell lines [Ehrlicher, A., Betz, T., Stuhrmann, B., Koch, D. Milner, V. Raizen, M. G., and Kas, J. (2002). Guiding neuronal growth with light. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 16024-16028], as well as primary rat and mouse cortical neurons [Stuhrmann, B., Goegler, M., Betz, T., Ehrlicher, A., Koch, D., and Kas, J. (2005). Automated tracking and laser micromanipulation of cells. Rev. Sci. Instr. 76, 035105]. Optical guidance may eventually be used alone or with other methods for controlling neurite extension in both research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Ehrlicher
- Lehrstuhl für die Physik Weicher Materie, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
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14
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Canavan HE, Cheng X, Graham DJ, Ratner BD, Castner DG. Cell sheet detachment affects the extracellular matrix: A surface science study comparing thermal liftoff, enzymatic, and mechanical methods. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 75:1-13. [PMID: 16086418 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work compares the removal of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) monolayers via 1) low-temperature liftoff from a "smart polymer," plasma polymerized poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (ppNIPAM), 2) enzymatic digestion, and 3) mechanical dissociation from ppNIPAM surfaces. We examine the surfaces after cell removal by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), immunostaining, and cell adhesion assay. Immunoassay results indicate that low-temperature liftoff nondestructively harvests the cell sheet and most of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), whereas enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation are damaging to both the cells and ECM. XPS results indicate that amide and alcohol groups attributed to proteins in the ECM are present on postliftoff surfaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) of ToF-SIMS data indicates that molecular ion fragments of amino acids are present on postliftoff surfaces. Finally, a cell adhesion assay seeding new cells on surfaces from which an initial layer of cells was removed via each of the three methods indicates that liftoff and mechanical dissociation leave behind surfaces that better promote cell adhesion. We conclude that the removal of BAEC cells via low-temperature liftoff from ppNIPAM-treated surfaces is less damaging to the ECM proteins remaining at the surface than the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Canavan
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Welle A, Horn S, Schimmelpfeng J, Kalka D. Photo-chemically patterned polymer surfaces for controlled PC-12 adhesion and neurite guidance. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 142:243-50. [PMID: 15698664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 08/18/2004] [Accepted: 08/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro assembling of cellular networks offering control over cell positions and connectivities by patterned culture substrates is a valuable tool for neuroscience research and other applications in cell biology. We developed a versatile technique based on polymer surface modification which allows the patterning of different cell lines for advanced tissue engineering, among them are Pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12). In contrast to other techniques applied for surface patterning, the presented photo patterning by deep UV irradiation is applicable to the widely used cell culture substrate material polystyrene (PS) and should be easily performed in most laboratories. Irradiation of polystyrene with UV radiation of lambda = 185 nm yields mainly carboxyl groups at the polymer surface which can be used to control the spontaneous competitive protein adsorption from serum containing culture media [Welle A, Gottwald E. UV-based patterning of polymeric substrates for cell culture applications. Biomed. Microdev. 2002;4:33-41] or to serve as defined coupling sites for controlled protein/peptide immobilization. Extending our previous studies on patterning hepatoma cells and fibroblasts via spatially defined plasma protein adsorption, we here describe an advanced application to produce patterns of cell repellent albumin domains and cell attractive laminin regions for the patterning of Pheochromocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Welle
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Biophysics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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16
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Cui L, Wang H, Ding Y, Han Y. Tunable ordered droplets induced by convection in phase-separating P2VP/PS blend film. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Cheng X, Wang Y, Hanein Y, Böhringer KF, Ratner BD. Novel cell patterning using microheater-controlled thermoresponsive plasma films. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 70:159-68. [PMID: 15227660 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is reported for cell patterning based on addressable microheaters and a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) themoresponsive coating. This thermoresponsive coating is created by a radio frequency NIPAM plasma and is denoted as plasma polymerized NIPAM (ppNIPAM). Films of ppNIPAM with a good retention of monomer side-chain functionality are produced using low-power continuous plasma deposition. Cell adhesion and cell detachment tests indicate that the surface switches between adhesive and nonadhesive behaviors as a function of temperature. The use of a photolithographically fabricated microheater array allows the ppNIPAM transition to occur spatially under the control of individual heaters. This localized change in the surface adhesive behavior is used to direct site-specific cell attachment. Patterned adhesion of two types of cells has been visualized on the array through fluorescent markers. Applications for diagnostic devices, cell-based sensors, tissue engineering, and cell transfection are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Cheng
- Bioengineering Department, University of Washington Engineered Biomaterials, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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18
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Jung DR, Kapur R, Adams T, Giuliano KA, Mrksich M, Craighead HG, Taylor DL. Topographical and physicochemical modification of material surface to enable patterning of living cells. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2002; 21:111-54. [PMID: 11451046 DOI: 10.1080/20013891081700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of the architecture of multiple cells in culture and in vivo via precise engineering of the material surface properties is described as cell patterning. Substrate patterning by control of the surface physicochemical and topographic features enables selective localization and phenotypic and genotypic control of living cells. In culture, control over spatial and temporal dynamics of cells and heterotypic interactions draws inspiration from in vivo embryogenesis and haptotaxis. Patterned arrays of single or multiple cell types in culture serve as model systems for exploration of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. More recently, the patterned arrays and assemblies of tissues have found practical applications in the fields of Biosensors and cell-based assays for Drug Discovery. Although the field of cell patterning has its origins early in this century, an improved understanding of cell-substrate interactions and the use of microfabrication techniques borrowed from the microelectronics industry have enabled significant recent progress. This review presents the important early discoveries and emphasizes results of recent state-of-the-art cell patterning methods. The review concludes by illustrating the growing impact of cell patterning in the areas of bioelectronic devices and cell-based assays for drug discovery.
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Abstract
Tissue function is modulated by an intricate architecture of cells and biomolecules on a micrometer scale. Until now, in vitro cellular interactions were mainly studied by random seeding over homogeneous substrates. Although this strategy has led to important discoveries, it is clearly a nonoptimal analog of the in vivo scenario. With the incorporation--and adaptation--of microfabrication technology into biology, it is now possible to design surfaces that reproduce some of the aspects of that architecture. This article reviews past research on the engineering of cell-substrate, cell-cell, and cell-medium interactions on the micrometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Folch
- Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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20
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Ramkissoon-Ganorkar C, Baudys M, Kim SW. Effect of ionic strength on the loading efficiency of model polypeptide/protein drugs in pH-/temperature-sensitive polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2000; 11:45-54. [PMID: 10680607 DOI: 10.1163/156856200743481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the effect of ionic strength on the loading efficiency of three model polypeptide/protein drugs, namely angiotensin II, insulin, and cytochrome c, in pH- and temperature-sensitive terpolymers of poly(NIPAAm-co-butylmethacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(NIPAAm-co-BMA-co-AA)) has been investigated. Loading efficiency of polypeptides in pH-/temperature-sensitive beads composed of poly(NIPAAm-co-BMA-co-AA) terpolymer is predominantly governed by hydrophobic interactions, both nonspecific surface interactions and/or specific interactions (binding pockets) between the protein and the polymer molecules. Thus, loading efficiency increases with ionic strength. However, as ionic strength increases further, polymer deswelling (collapse), which is also controlled by hydrophobic forces, becomes more pronounced, and consequently, a higher fraction of water is squeezed out during bead formation and the loading efficiency starts to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramkissoon-Ganorkar
- University of Utah, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Conrtrolled Chemical Delivery, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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Yamazaki A, Winnik FM, Cornelius RM, Brash JL. Modification of liposomes with N-substituted polyacrylamides: identification of proteins adsorbed from plasma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1421:103-15. [PMID: 10561475 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes prepared from DMPC (80%) and cholesterol (20%) were modified with a series of hydrophobically modified N-substituted polyacrylamides, namely, poly[N-isopropylacrylamide] (PNIPAM), poly[N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl) acrylamide] (PMEAM), and poly[(3-methoxypropyl)acrylamide] (PMPAM). The hydrophobic group, N-[4-(1-pyrenylbutyl)-N-n-octadecylamine was attached to one end of the polymer chains to serve as an anchor for incorporation into the liposome bilayer. Liposome-polymer interactions were confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Microscopy revealed differences in aggregation tendency between unmodified and polymer-modified liposomes. Proteins adsorbed to liposome surfaces during exposure to human plasma were identified by immunoblot analysis. It was found that both unmodified and polymer-modified liposomes adsorb a wide variety of plasma proteins. Contact phase coagulation proteins, complement proteins, cell-adhesive proteins, serine protease inhibitors, plasminogen, antithrombin III, prothrombin, transferrin, alpha(2)-microglobulin, hemoglobin, haptoglobin and beta-lipoprotein as well as the major plasma proteins were all detected. Some differences were found between the unmodified and polymer-modified liposomes. The unmodified liposomes adsorbed plasminogen mainly as the intact protein, whereas on the modified liposomes plasminogen was present in degraded form. Also, the liposomes modified with PNIPAM in its extended conformation (below the lower critical solution temperature) appeared to adsorb less protein than those containing the 'collapsed' form of PNIPAM (above the LCST).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamazaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Chen G, Imanishi Y, Ito Y. Effect of protein and cell behavior on pattern-grafted thermoresponsive polymer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 42:38-44. [PMID: 9740005 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199810)42:1<38::aid-jbm6>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid), was coupled with azidoaniline. The azidophenyl-derivatized copolymer was grafted in a specific pattern on a polystyrene matrix by photolithography. The surface micropattern appeared and disappeared interchangeably, as observed under a phase-contrast microscope, by varying the temperature between 10 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The copolymer-grafted polystyrene surface was hydrophobic at 37 degrees C and hydrophilic at 10 degrees C. Albumin and fibronectin adsorption on the matrix was investigated using the fluorescent-labeling method. Fibronectin adsorbed onto both the grafted and nongrafted regions, while albumin adsorbed more onto the nongrafted regions than the grafted regions. Protein adsorption did not affect surface wettability. Mouse fibroblast STO cells were cultured on tissue culture plates pattern-grafted with the thermoresponsive copolymer. Fibronectin adsorption enhanced cell spreading, while albumin reduced it. When the temperature was lowered, the cells selectively detached from the surface areas grafted with the thermoresponsive copolymer when cultured in serum-free medium; the cells partially detached from these areas when cultured in serum-containing medium. The effect of serum proteins on cell detachment was similar to that caused by a mixture of albumin and fibronectin. Albumin adsorption did not affect the detachment of cells, while fibronectin adsorption inhibited it. The results of the present study indicate that a pattern-grafted, thermoresponsive, azidophenyl-derivatized copolymer can effectively facilitate selective cell detachment under some conditions such as serum-free culture or preadsorption of albumin. The pattern-grafting technique will be useful for qualitative microscopic comparison of surfaces prepared differently on one chip under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, NAIST, Ikoma, Japan
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Ito Y, Chen G, Imanishi Y. Artificial juxtacrine stimulation for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1998; 9:879-90. [PMID: 9724900 DOI: 10.1163/156856298x00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To endow biomaterials with the ability to regulate cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, growth factor proteins were covalently immobilized. The proteins were immobilized on various matrices using different chemical methods. It was shown that insulin and epidermal growth factor stimulated cellular functions even after immobilization. Pattern-immobilization of growth factor proteins clearly demonstrated the stimulation by immobilized proteins. In other words, this type of stimulation by non-diffusional growth factors enabled us to regulate tissue formation with artificial biomaterials. The stimulation was enhanced by coimmobilization with adhesion factors. These stimulations due to the immobilized growth factors may mimic juxtacrine stimulation of membrane-anchored growth factors such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ito
- Graduate School of Materials Science, NAIST, Ikoma, Japan.
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