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Dong T, Santos S, Yang Z, Yang S, Kirkhus NE. Sputum and salivary protein biomarkers and point-of-care biosensors for the management of COPD. Analyst 2020; 145:1583-1604. [PMID: 31915768 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most fatal diseases of the century considering mortality and morbidity levels worldwide. This disease is an inflammatory response to environmental stress and tobacco smoking. Although spirometry is the gold-standard diagnostic test administrated in primary and secondary care, it often exhibits low accuracy in cases of predicting disease worsening and possible bias due to the operator, patient, and conditions. Recent developments in proteomics research suggest that the presence of protein biomarkers can aid in the accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes. This review presents the cutting-edge research progress in the area of protein biomarkers towards the management of COPD. The literature review was confined to protein biomarkers in saliva and sputum because testing these bodily fluids shows great promise for point-of-care (POC) testing due to its practicality, non-invasiveness and inexpensive handling and sampling. Although it is conclusive that more studies on sputum and saliva are needed, this review studies the promising clinical value of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Following the critical analysis of salivary and sputum biomarkers, the recent development of POC biosensors for the multiplexed detection of biomarkers is also reported. Overall, the review aims to explore the possibility for the future development of POC sensors for chronic lung disease management utilizing clinically relevant biomarkers in saliva and sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Simão Santos
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Niels E Kirkhus
- Horten Kommune - Kommuneoverlege, Enhetsleder Legetjenester, Vestfold, Norway
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Zhu K, Zhou S, Xu A, Sun L, Li M, Jiang H, Zhang B, Zeng D, Fei G, Wang R. Microbiota Imbalance Contributes to COPD Deterioration by Enhancing IL-17a Production via miR-122 and miR-30a. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:520-529. [PMID: 33230454 PMCID: PMC7558803 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The changes of microbiota in lungs could change interleukin-17a (IL-17a) expression by altering microRNAs (miRNAs) profile, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we aimed to study molecular mechanisms’ underlying effect of microbiota imbalance on COPD deterioration. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to analyze expression of miRNAs and IL-17a mRNA. ELISA was used to evaluate abundance of IL-17a in plasma, peripheral blood monocyte, and sputum of COPD mice and patients. Luciferase assay was performed to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of miR-122, miR-30a, and miR-99b were remarkably decreased in COPD mice, while the expression of IL-17a was notably increased in plasma, peripheral blood monocytes, and lung tissues of COPD mice. The levels of Lactobacillus/Moraxella and IL-17a expression were significantly enhanced in sputum of exacerbated COPD patients, along with notably decreased expression of miR-122 and miR-30a. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-122 and miR-30a played an inhibitory role in IL-17a expression. We identified miR-122 and miR-30a as differentially expressed miRNAs in sputum and plasma of COPD patients in exacerbation-month12 group. Furthermore, downregulated miR-122 and miR-30a expression associated with microbiota imbalance may contribute to COPD deterioration by enhancing IL-17a production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People’s Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Corresponding author: Daxiong Zeng, PhD, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Corresponding author: Guanghe Fei, PhD, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Corresponding author: Ran Wang, PhD, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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Li T, Kang X, Wei L, Zhang D, Lin H. A gain-of-function mutation in Brassinosteroid-insensitive 2 alters Arabidopsis floral organ development by altering auxin levels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:259-271. [PMID: 31820142 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Auxin can alter the fertility of bin2-1 plants and depends on the expression of SHY2. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes. By systematically evaluating the phenotypes of BR biosynthesis and BR signaling mutants, researchers have reported that BRs positively regulate floral development. In this study, we found that brassinosteroid-insensitive 2 (bin2-1) and short-hypocotyl 2 (shy2-2) mutants exhibited significantly reduced fertility. These mutants had short inflorescences, decreased floral organ length (short petals, stamens, carpels, and stigmas), and short siliques. Exogenous auxin applications could partially rescue the shortened length of the floral organs and siliques of the bin2-1 mutants. Additional experiments revealed that a lack of SHY2 activity increased the fertility of the bin2-1 mutants. A search for downstream affected genes revealed that auxin influences the expression of ARFs and PINs in the bin2-1 mutants, suggesting that auxin plays a major role in the regulation of bin2-1 plant fertility. Thus, BIN2 plays a role in fertility by affecting auxin levels, mainly by altering the expression of SHY2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Genetic polymorphisms of IL17A, TLR4 and P2RX7 and associations with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 829-830:1-5. [PMID: 29704988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of IL17A, TLR4 and P2RX7 genes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Han population. We performed a case-control study with 152 COPD subjects from the Third People's Hospital of Nantong in 2015. Healthy controls were selected from a group of people attending the physical examination and were frequency-matched to the cases by sex and age. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination technology. A logistic regression model was used to calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). After Bonferroni correction, polymorphisms rs2275913 and rs763780 in the IL17A gene, rs10759932 and rs2737190 in the TLR4 gene, and rs1718119 in the P2RX7 gene were significantly associated with altered risk for COPD. Individuals carrying rs2275913 allele A had a reduced risk (OR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.86). Individuals carrying rs763780 allele C had an increased risk (OR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.29-2.98). Individuals carrying rs10759932 allele C had a reduced risk (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34-0.73). Individuals carrying rs2737190 allele G had a reduced risk (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37-0.71). Individuals carrying rs1718119 allele A had a reduced risk (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.45-1.06).Genetic polymorphisms in IL17A, TLR4 and P2RX7 genes were significantly associated with altered risks for COPD.
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Kaufhold I, Osbahr S, Shima K, Marwitz S, Rohmann K, Drömann D, Goldmann T, Dalhoff K, Rupp J. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) directly interfere with the regulation of E-cadherin in lung epithelial cells. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:560-566. [PMID: 28802586 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss of epithelial barriers characterized by reduction of E-cadherin is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the effects of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infections, associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, on the regulation of E-cadherin in host cells. NTHi infection decreased E-cadherin mRNA and protein-levels in lung epithelial cells. E-cadherin reduction was mediated by activation of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Slug. These data indicate that epithelial integrity and barrier function is disturbed by NTHi infection. Mainly, the destruction of cell-cell contacts is a prominent feature in NTHi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kaufhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Sünja Osbahr
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kensuke Shima
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Rohmann
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Dalhoff
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Glassberg MK, Catanuto P, Shahzeidi S, Aliniazee M, Lilo S, Rubio GA, Elliot SJ. Estrogen deficiency promotes cigarette smoke-induced changes in the extracellular matrix in the lungs of aging female mice. Transl Res 2016; 178:107-117. [PMID: 27519148 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Female smokers have a faster decline in lung function with increasing age and overall develop a greater loss of lung function than male smokers. This raises the question of whether estrogen status in women affects susceptibility to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung disease. Mouse models suggest that female mice are more susceptible than males to CS-induced lung disease. Moreover, young CS-exposed female mice develop emphysema earlier than male mice. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship of estrogen status on the pattern and severity of CS-induced lung disease. In this study, 15-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized and administered either placebo (pla) or 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.025 mg) 2 weeks after ovariectomy. They were further divided into those that were exposed to CS and no-smoke controls (NSC). Mice were exposed to CS in stainless steel inhalation chambers 3 hours a day, 5 days a week for 6 months, and sacrificed after 24 weeks of CS exposure. Blood and urine were collected at sacrifice to measure estrogen and cotinine levels, a metabolite of nicotine. Uterine weight was recorded as an indicator of estrogen status. Results showed that CS in the absence of E2 induced a decrease in hydroxyproline content, macrophage number, and respiratory chain complex-1 protein. CS without E2 also resulted in an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and apoptosis and a change in the ratio of estrogen receptor subtype. These findings were abrogated with administration of E2, suggesting that estrogen deficiency increases susceptibility to CS-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | | | - Sarit Lilo
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Gustavo A Rubio
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
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Reynolds HY. Bronchoalveolar lavage and other methods to define the human respiratory tract milieu in health and disease. Lung 2011; 189:87-99. [PMID: 21350888 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB), surface sampling of the human respiratory airways and alveolar unit can be done with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), plus selective sites can be brushed for cells and transbronchial biopsies made in adjacent tissue. This permits analysis of the respiratory tract's milieu in healthy normals, in those with disease, and in control subjects. These combined procedures have been an established approach for obtaining specimens for research and for clinical assessment for over four decades. However, now new less invasive sampling methods are emerging. This review emphasizes BAL and the cellular and noncellular components recovered in fluid that have contributed to improving knowledge of how the respiratory tree's innate immunity can protect, and how airway structures can become deranged and manifest disease. After a discussion of training for FOB and procedural issues, a spectrum of respiratory diseases studied with BAL is presented, including airway illness (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diffuse interstitial lung diseases [idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid interstitial lung disease (ILD), granulomatous ILDs], lung infections, lung malignancy, and upper and lower tract airway problems. Some recent studies with exhaled breath condensate analyses are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Y Reynolds
- Lung Biology and Disease Branch, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Suite 10042, Two Rockledge Center, MSC 7952, Bethesda, MD 20892-7952, USA.
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Andersson A, Bossios A, Malmhäll C, Sjöstrand M, Eldh M, Eldh BM, Glader P, Andersson B, Qvarfordt I, Riise GC, Lindén A. Effects of tobacco smoke on IL-16 in CD8+ cells from human airways and blood: a key role for oxygen free radicals? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 300:L43-55. [PMID: 21036918 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00387.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke leads to an increase in the frequency of infections and in the number of CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells as well as the CD4(+) chemoattractant cytokine IL-16 in the airways. Here, we investigated whether tobacco smoke depletes intracellular IL-16 protein and inhibits de novo production of IL-16 in CD8(+) cells from human airways and blood while increasing extracellular IL-16 and whether oxygen free radicals (OFR) are involved. Intracellular IL-16 protein in CD8(+) cells and mRNA in all cells was decreased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from chronic smokers. This was also the case in human blood CD8(+) cells exposed to water-soluble tobacco smoke components in vitro, in which oxidized proteins were markedly increased. Extracellular IL-16 protein was increased in cell-free BAL fluid from chronic smokers and in human blood CD8(+) cells exposed to water-soluble tobacco smoke components in vitro. This was not observed in occasional smokers after short-term exposure to tobacco smoke. A marker of activation (CD69) was slightly increased, whereas other markers of key cellular functions (membrane integrity, apoptosis, and proliferation) in human blood CD8(+) cells in vitro were negatively affected by water-soluble tobacco smoke components. An OFR scavenger prevented these effects, whereas a protein synthesis inhibitor, a β-adrenoceptor, a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, a phosphodiesterase, a calcineurin phosphatase, and a caspase-3 inhibitor did not. In conclusion, tobacco smoke depletes preformed intracellular IL-16 protein, inhibits its de novo synthesis, and distorts key cellular functions in human CD8(+) cells. OFR may play a key role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Andersson
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Univ. of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Önnervik PO, Lindahl M, Svitacheva N, Stämpfli M, Thim K, Smailagic A, Virtala R, Taylor JD. The role of the CCR1 receptor in the inflammatory response to tobacco smoke in a mouse model. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:817-25. [PMID: 20387089 PMCID: PMC2933852 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to create pathological changes in mice relevant to human smoke exposure that can be used to further understand the mechanisms and pathology of smoke-induced inflammatory disease. METHODS Mice were exposed to tobacco smoke or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate an inflammatory infiltrate within the lungs. RESULTS Tobacco smoke exposure over a 4 day period led to neutrophilia in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Within the inflammatory exudates, significant changes were also seen in protein levels of IL-1B, IL-6, MIP-2, KC (IL-8) and TIMP-1 as measured by ELISA. Further protein changes, as measured via multiplex analysis revealed increased levels of MMP-9, MDC, LIF and MCP-1, amongst other mediators. Major changes in whole lung tissue gene expression patterns were observed. The neutrophilia seen after smoke exposure was steroid-insensitive, relative to doses of steroid needed to reduce LPS-driven neutrophilia in controls. This exposes pathological switches that are changed upon exposure to tobacco smoke, rendering steroids less effective under these conditions. Challenge of chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) KO mice in the tobacco smoke model showed that lack of this gene protected the mice from smoke-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This suggests the CCR1 receptor has a key role in the pathogenesis of smoke-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Önnervik
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Naila Svitacheva
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stämpfli
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Kerstin Thim
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Amir Smailagic
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Virtala
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - John D. Taylor
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund, Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22187 Lund, Sweden
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Keaney N, Kay A, Taylor I. Guidelines and the Diagnosis of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:734. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.179.8.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niall Keaney
- Sunderland Royal Hospital
Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Kay
- Sunderland Royal Hospital
Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Taylor
- Sunderland Royal Hospital
Sunderland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory inflammatory condition with autoimmune features including IgG autoantibodies. In this study we analyze the complexity of the autoantibody response and reveal the nature of the antigens that are recognized by autoantibodies in COPD patients. Methods An array of 1827 gridded immunogenic peptide clones was established and screened with 17 sera of COPD patients and 60 healthy controls. Protein arrays were evaluated both by visual inspection and a recently developed computer aided image analysis technique. By this computer aided image analysis technique we computed the intensity values for each peptide clone and each serum and calculated the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) for each clone and the separation COPD sera versus control sera. Results By visual evaluation we detected 381 peptide clones that reacted with autoantibodies of COPD patients including 17 clones that reacted with more than 60% of the COPD sera and seven clones that reacted with more than 90% of the COPD sera. The comparison of COPD sera and controls by the automated image analysis system identified 212 peptide clones with informative AUC values. By in silico sequence analysis we found an enrichment of sequence motives previously associated with immunogenicity. Conclusion The identification of a rather complex humoral immune response in COPD patients supports the idea of COPD as a disease with strong autoimmune features. The identification of novel immunogenic antigens is a first step towards a better understanding of the autoimmune component of COPD.
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Mak A, Thomas A, del Granado M, Zaleskis R, Mouzafarova N, Menzies D. Influence of Multidrug Resistance on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes with Standardized Regimens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:306-12. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200802-240oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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