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Increased Levels of Free Circulating Dna in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2010.6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is difficult to diagnose because of numerous interstitial lung diseases with similar symptoms. As serum DNA has proven useful for early lung cancer detection, we aimed to define the relevance of this marker in discriminating IPF from other fibrotic and nonfibrotic/nonmalignant lung diseases. DNA was quantified in 191 subjects: 64 healthy individuals, 58 patients with IPF, 17 patients with nonspecific pulmonary fibrosis (13 idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 4 chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis), and 52 patients with other diffuse/nonmalignant lung diseases. The median value of free DNA in IPF patients was 61.1 ng/mL (range 7.1–405), which was significantly higher than that of healthy donors (median 6.8, range 2.2–184) (p<0.001) and that of patients with other diffuse/nonmalignant lung diseases (median 28.0, range 4.2–281) (p=0.004). The area under the ROC curve was 0.926 (95% CI 0.879–0.973) when IPF patients were compared with healthy donors, and 0.702 (95% CI 0.609–0.796) when a comparison was made with non-IPF pulmonary diseases. In conclusion, we observed significantly higher levels of free circulating DNA in patients with IPF than in those with other fibrotic or diffuse/nonmalignant lung diseases.
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Song C, He L, Zhang J, Ma H, Yuan X, Hu G, Tao L, Zhang J, Meng J. Fluorofenidone attenuates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via inhibiting the activation of NALP3 inflammasome and IL-1β/IL-1R1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2064-2077. [PMID: 27306439 PMCID: PMC5082399 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐1β plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The production of IL‐1β is dependent upon caspase‐1‐containing multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes and IL‐1R1/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway. In this study, we explored whether a potential anti‐fibrotic agent fluorofenidone (FD) exerts its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic effects through suppressing activation of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and the IL‐1β/IL‐1R1/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Male C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with Bleomycin (BLM) or saline. Fluorofenidone was administered throughout the course of the experiment. Lung tissue sections were stained with haemotoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. Cytokines were measured by ELISA, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, caspase‐1, IL‐1R1, MyD88 were measured by Western blot and/or RT‐PCR. The human actue monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP‐1) were incubated with monosodium urate (MSU), with or without FD pre‐treatment. The expression of caspase‐1, IL‐1β, NALP3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing (ASC) and pro‐caspase‐1 were measured by Western blot, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected using the Flow Cytometry, and the interaction of NALP3 inflammasome‐associated molecules were measured by Co‐immunoprecipitation. RLE‐6TN (rat lung epithelial‐T‐antigen negative) cells were incubated with IL‐1β, with or without FD pre‐treatment. The expression of nuclear protein p65 was measured by Western blot. Results showed that FD markedly reduced the expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), α‐SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, caspase‐1, IL‐1R1 and MyD88 in mice lung tissues. And FD inhibited MSU‐induced the accumulation of ROS, blocked the interaction of NALP3 inflammasome‐associated molecules, decreased the level of caspase‐1 and IL‐1β in THP‐1 cells. Besides, FD inhibited IL‐1β‐induced the expression of nuclear protein p65. This study demonstrated that FD, attenuates BLM‐induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice via inhibiting the activation of NALP3 inflammasome and the IL‐1β/IL‐1R1/MyD88/ NF‐κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujuan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Pharmaceutical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Fluorofenidone attenuates TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation via restoring the expression of caveolin-1. Shock 2015; 43:201-7. [PMID: 25394239 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We previously showed that fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridine agent, can attenuate bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis and restore the production of caveolin-1. In this study, we explore mainly whether caveolin-1 plays a critical role in the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects of FD in vitro. The normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) were cultured with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and then were treated with FD. Subsequently, NHLFs transfected with cav-1-siRNA were treated with TGF-β1 and/or FD. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, caveolin-1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated P38 were measured by Western blot and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fluorofenidone attenuated TGF-β1-induced expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I; inhibited phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38; and restored caveolin-1 protein expression but cannot increase caveolin-1 mRNA level in vitro. After caveolin-1 was silenced, FD could not downregulate TGF-β1-induced expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I or phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38. These studies demonstrate that FD, a potential antifibrotic agent, may attenuate TGF-β1-induced activation of NHLFs by restoring the expression of caveolin-1.
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Nathan N, Thouvenin G, Fauroux B, Corvol H, Clement A. Interstitial lung disease: physiopathology in the context of lung growth. Paediatr Respir Rev 2011; 12:216-22. [PMID: 22018034 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in children represent a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders characterized by derangements of the alveolar walls. The key pathologic feature of ILDs is the altered repair of the alveolar surface after injury with a marked disruption in the integrity of the epithelium and, consequently, a dysregulated communication between epithelial and mesenchymal pulmonary components. Concomitant to the loss of cell-cell contact, epithelial cells undergo a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition and acquire a mesenchymal identity. Among the factors involved in disease progression, transforming growth factor-β has been identified as a master switch in the induction of fibrosis. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ILDs, and provides information on their adaptation in the context of lung growth.
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Whitsett JA, Wert SE, Weaver TE. Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Annu Rev Med 2010; 61:105-19. [PMID: 19824815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The alveolar region of the lung creates an extensive epithelial surface that mediates the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide required for respiration after birth. Maintenance of pulmonary function depends on the function of type II epithelial cells that synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant lipids and proteins, reducing the collapsing forces created at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli. Genetic and acquired disorders associated with the surfactant system cause both acute and chronic lung disease. Mutations in the ABCA3, SFTPA, SFTPB, SFTPC, SCL34A2, and TERT genes disrupt type II cell function and/or surfactant homeostasis, causing neonatal respiratory failure and chronic interstitial lung disease. Defects in GM-CSF receptor function disrupt surfactant clearance, causing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Abnormalities in the surfactant system and disruption of type II cell homeostasis underlie the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders previously considered idiopathic, providing the basis for improved diagnosis and therapies of these rare lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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Friaza V, la Horra CD, Rodríguez-Domínguez MJ, Martín-Juan J, Cantón R, Calderón EJ, Del Campo R. Metagenomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and its antagonic relation with Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 82:98-101. [PMID: 20382190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are interstitial lung diseases of unknown etiology which prognosis is usually fatal. Microbiota associated to bronchoalveolar lavage from 20 patients with negative bacterial cultures was explored by 16S-rDNA PCR-DGGE, showing a clearly negative relation among the presence of P. jirovecii and bacterial colonization. This is the first report of in vivo antagonistic relation among fungi and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Friaza
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario, Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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Abstract
The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with poor prognosis. It is distinct from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias by its histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia which is characterized by accumulation of fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and honeycombing. Inflammation is only scarce in true IPF. The use of anti-inflammatory therapy is still part of guidelines for IPF management, although not specifically recommended, because convincing evidence showing beneficial effects of this approach is lacking. This review provides a summary of important arguments PRO and CON using anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant therapy for patients with IPF in form of a debate with a concluding statement of both positions at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Behr
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sampling the detachable cells and acellular lining secretions of the human respiratory tract by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a means of obtaining relevant components from the airways and alveolar areas for research use and clinical analysis in normals (controls) and patients with a wide spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). This review attempts to discuss recent findings from BAL studies that provide insight into pathogenic mechanisms of ILDs and/or assist in diagnosing disease activity. RECENT FINDINGS BAL analysis and usefulness are reviewed for the major forms of ILDs. In addition, some perspective about this sampling method is given and the context for BAL is provided for the respective disease, either for diagnosis or research use. SUMMARY Whereas BAL findings continue to impact on understanding disease pathogenesis and this may be its major use now, BAL fluid components, cells in particular, are not correlated well with activity of disease nor for monitoring disease progress or response to treatment. For a few rarer ILDs, BAL fluid characteristics may strongly support a diagnosis.
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