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Margaroli C, Garratt LW, Horati H, Dittrich AS, Rosenow T, Montgomery ST, Frey DL, Brown MR, Schultz C, Guglani L, Kicic A, Peng L, Scholte BJ, Mall MA, Janssens HM, Stick SM, Tirouvanziam R. Elastase Exocytosis by Airway Neutrophils Is Associated with Early Lung Damage in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:873-881. [PMID: 30281324 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201803-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neutrophils are recruited to the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). In adolescents and adults with CF, airway neutrophils actively exocytose the primary granule protease elastase (NE), whose extracellular activity correlates with lung damage. During childhood, free extracellular NE activity is measurable only in a subset of patients, and the exocytic function of airway neutrophils is unknown. OBJECTIVES To measure NE exocytosis by airway neutrophils in relation to free extracellular NE activity and lung damage in children with CF. METHODS We measured lung damage using chest computed tomography coupled with the Perth-Rotterdam Annotated Grid Morphometric Analysis for Cystic Fibrosis scoring system. Concomitantly, we phenotyped blood and BAL fluid leukocytes by flow and image cytometry, and measured free extracellular NE activity using spectrophotometric and Förster resonance energy transfer assays. Children with airway inflammation linked to aerodigestive disorder were enrolled as control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Children with CF but not disease control children harbored BAL fluid neutrophils with high exocytosis of primary granules, before the detection of bronchiectasis. This measure of NE exocytosis correlated with lung damage (R = 0.55; P = 0.0008), whereas the molecular measure of free extracellular NE activity did not. This discrepancy may be caused by the inhibition of extracellular NE by BAL fluid antiproteases and its binding to leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS NE exocytosis by airway neutrophils occurs in all children with CF, and its cellular measure correlates with early lung damage. These findings implicate live airway neutrophils in early CF pathogenesis, which should instruct biomarker development and antiinflammatory therapy in children with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,2 Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Hamed Horati
- 4 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Susanne Dittrich
- 5 Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, and.,6 Department of Pulmonology, and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Dario L Frey
- 5 Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, and
| | - Milton R Brown
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,2 Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carsten Schultz
- 7 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lokesh Guglani
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,2 Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- 3 Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,8 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,9 Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Limin Peng
- 10 Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bob J Scholte
- 4 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus A Mall
- 5 Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, and.,11 Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; and.,12 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- 4 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Stick
- 3 Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,8 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,9 Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,2 Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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Airway surface liquid pH is not acidic in children with cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1409. [PMID: 29123085 PMCID: PMC5680186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, evidence that ASL pH is reduced in CF is limited and conflicting. The technical challenges associated with measuring ASL pH in vivo have precluded accurate measurements in humans. In order to address this deficiency, ASL pH was measured in vivo in children using a novel luminescent technology integrated with fibre-optic probes. Here we show that ASL pH in children with CF is similar to that of children without CF. Findings were supported by highly controlled direct pH measurements in primary human airway epithelial cell culture models, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport is balanced out by paracellular shunting of acid/base. Thus, reduced baseline ASL pH is unlikely to be an important pathobiological factor in early CF lung disease. Modulation of airway surface liquid pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis, but whether pH is indeed altered in cystic fibrosis is controversial. Here, the authors develop a novel fibre-optic based pH measurement technology, and show that pH is not altered in children with cystic fibrosis.
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