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Singh A, Pruett N, Hoang CD. In vitro experimental models of mesothelioma revisited. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:248-258. [PMID: 28713670 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a biologically unusual, highly aggressive cancer that defies current multimodality treatments. Epidemiologic data suggest that this malignancy has not abated despite increasingly strict environmental regulations on asbestos, the putative causative agent for sporadic cases. An incomplete understanding of all the factors mechanistically driving mesothelioma is largely responsible for the current lack of curative treatments. Many approaches have been employed to ascertain the step-by-step molecular events involved in mesothelioma oncogenesis including in vitro, small animal in vivo, and human experimental models; though clearly defined, druggable mechanisms still are elusive. Importantly, the foundation of the latest accepted model of tumor initiation is derived from in vitro systems. A thorough review of in vitro mesothelioma oncogenesis models may suggest further opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Singh
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathanael Pruett
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Yuan ML, Tong ZH, Jin XG, Zhang JC, Wang XJ, Ma WL, Yin W, Zhou Q, Ye H, Shi HZ. Regulation of CD4(+) T cells by pleural mesothelial cells via adhesion molecule-dependent mechanisms in tuberculous pleurisy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74624. [PMID: 24069325 PMCID: PMC3777994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) have been demonstrated to be expressed on pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs), and to mediate leukocyte adhesion and migration; however, little is known about whether adhesion molecule-dependent mechanisms are involved in the regulation of CD4+ T cells by PMCs in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). Methods Expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on PMCs, as well as expressions of CD11a and CD29, the counter-receptors for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively, expressed on CD4+ T cells in TPE were determined using flow cytometry. The immune regulations on adhesion, proliferation, activation, selective expansion of CD4+ helper T cell subgroups exerted by PMCs via adhesion molecule-dependent mechanisms were explored. Results Percentages of ICAM-1-positive and VCAM-1‒positive PMCs in TPE were increased compared with PMC line. Interferon-γ enhanced fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1, while IL-4 promoted VCAM-1 expression on PMCs. Percentages of CD11ahighCD4+ and CD29highCD4+ T cells in TPE significantly increased as compared with peripheral blood. Prestimulation of PMCs with anti‒ICAM-1 or ‒VCAM-1 mAb significantly inhibited adhesion, activation, as well as effector regulatory T cell expansion induced by PMCs. Conclusions Our current data showed that adhesion molecule pathways on PMCs regulated adhesion and activation of CD4+ T cells, and selectively promoted the expansion of effector regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Medical Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Chu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center of Medical Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Jean D, Daubriac J, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Galateau-Salle F, Jaurand MC. Molecular changes in mesothelioma with an impact on prognosis and treatment. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:277-93. [PMID: 22372904 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0215-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling. CONCLUSIONS Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jean
- INSERM, U, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S, Paris, France
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Okada A, Yaguchi T, Kanno T, Gotoh A, Nakano T, Nishizaki T. PDGF-D/PDGF-ββ receptor-regulated chemotaxis of malignant mesothelioma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:241-50. [PMID: 22415093 DOI: 10.1159/000337605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Our earlier study suggested that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- ββ receptor regulates chemotaxis of human malignant mesothelioma cells such as MSTO-211H, NCIH-2052, NCIH-2452, and NCIH-28 cells, but not non-malignant Met5A cells. The present study was designed to gain further insight into the PDGF-ββ receptor signals underlying the chemotaxis. METHODS PDGF-D secreted from cells, activation of Akt and ERK, and cell migration were monitored for cells with and without knocking-down PDGF-ββ receptor. RESULTS FBS significantly stimulated PDGF-D secretion from malignant mesothelioma cells, but not Met5A cells. PDGF-D activated Akt and ERK in both the non-malignant and malignant cells. PDGF-D significantly facilitated migration of malignant mesothelioma cells, but not Met5A cells, with the extent varying among the cell types. The facilitatory action of PDGF-D was clearly prevented by knocking-down PDGF-ββ receptor or inhibitors of PI3 kinase, PDK1, Akt, Rac1, ROCK, and MEK. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that PDGF-D promotes malignant mesothelioma cell chemotaxis through PDGF-ββ receptor signaling pathways along a PI3 kinase/PDK1/Akt/Rac1/ROCK axis and relevant to ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Okada
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Rascoe PA, Cao X, Daniel JC, Miller SD, Smythe WR. Receptor tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in malignant mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 130:393-400. [PMID: 16077404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling pathway is implicated in the development of malignancy and promotes cell-cycle progression and resistance to apoptosis. Malignant mesothelioma tumor specimens demonstrate high levels of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase downstream mediator phosphorylated Akt. Exposure of mesothelioma cell lines to LY294002, a phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor, results in apoptotic cell death and decreased phosphorylated Akt in vitro and tumor burden reduction in vivo. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase is activated by cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases. We sought to determine which receptors are present in mesothelioma and their role in cellular survival and phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling. METHODS Western blot analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor in the mesothelioma cell lines I-45 and REN and the mesothelial line Met5a. After exposure of mesothelioma lines to kinase inhibitors, a cell viability assay was performed, cell-cycle analysis was performed to determine the percentage of apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was performed for phosphorylated Akt. RESULTS Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor resulted in apoptotic cell death and Akt hypophosphorylation in mesothelioma cell lines. Insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibition led to apoptotic cell death without affecting Akt phosphorylation. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibition did not affect cellular survival or phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling. CONCLUSION In malignant mesothelioma constitutive activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt results in cellular survival and contributes to the malignant phenotype. We have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition leads to apoptotic cell death through downregulation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in mesothelioma cell lines, whereas insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibition leads to apoptosis independent of phosphoinositide-3 kinase. Epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibition might be clinically relevant in malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Rascoe
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderso Cancer Center, Houston, TX 76508, USA
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Mossman BT, Gruenert DC. SV40, growth factors, and mesothelioma: another piece of the puzzle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 26:167-70. [PMID: 11804865 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.26.2.f229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Mossman
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Metheny-Barlow LJ, Flynn B, van Gijssel HE, Marrogi A, Gerwin BI. Paradoxical effects of platelet-derived growth factor-A overexpression in malignant mesothelioma. Antiproliferative effects in vitro and tumorigenic stimulation in vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:694-702. [PMID: 11415934 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.24.6.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is associated with asbestos exposure and remains resistant to all therapeutic intervention. Previous studies have suggested an enhancing role for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in mesothelial tumorigenicity, although the mechanism by which PDGF facilitates tumorigenicity is unknown. Here, we evaluate the contribution of PDGF-A expression to mesothelial tumorigenicity using ectopic modulation of PDGF-A expression. We find, in accordance with other reports, that the receptor for PDGF-A, although expressed at high levels in normal human mesothelial cells, is not easily detectable in mesothelioma. Further, we show that PDGF-A overexpression is responsible for autocrine downregulation of its receptor. Our data indicate, surprisingly, that for mesothelioma cells in vitro, high-level activation of a PDGF-A-PDGF receptor loop is antiproliferative whereas abrogation of PDGF-A expression stimulates growth. These data suggest that PDGF-A does not contribute to tumorigenicity by autocrine stimulation of proliferation. In contrast, increased PDGF-A expression in vivo increases tumor incidence and growth rate and decreases the latency period to tumor formation whereas abrogation of PDGF-A expression decreases tumor incidence and increases latency. Thus, the tumorigenic effect of PDGF-A must act through paracrine mechanisms relevant at early stages of tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Metheny-Barlow
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis; and Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Kriebel P, Patel BK, Nelson SA, Grusby MJ, LaRochelle WJ. Consequences of Stat6 deletion on Sis/PDGF- and IL-4-induced proliferation and transcriptional activation in murine fibroblasts. Oncogene 1999; 18:7294-302. [PMID: 10602484 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant communication among growth factors and cytokines that regulate tissue homeostasis often results in malignancy. Among the many cell types that participate in this process, stromal fibroblasts communicate in a paracrine and juxtracrine manner with cells of epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic origin. For fibroblasts, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a major proliferative and differentiation agent. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), however, possesses only modulating functions in this cell type. Here, we investigated the consequences of deleting Stat6 on PDGF and IL-4 signaling, proliferation, and transcriptional activation by establishing and characterizing early passage fibroblasts from wild-type and Stat6 null mice. Both wild-type and Stat6-/- fibroblasts showed nearly identical PDGFR and IL-4R activation, gross substrate tyrosine phosphorylation, PI 3-kinase activation, as well as Stat1, 3 and 5 DNA binding activities. Unexpectedly, IL-4's enhancement of PDGF-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation was greatly diminished in Stat6-/-, but not wild-type fibroblasts. PDGF-induced [3H]thymidine uptake was largely unaffected. Strikingly, IL-4, but not PDGF induction of the proinflammatory gene products, IL-6 and MCP-1 was markedly reduced in Stat6-/- fibroblasts. Thus, Stat6 is an important and specific mediator of IL-4-enhanced PDGF-induced proliferation as well as IL-4's transcriptional activation of IL-6 and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kriebel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Building 37 Room 1E24, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
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Hoogsteden HC, Langerak AW, van der Kwast TH, Versnel MA, van Gelder T. Malignant pleural mesothelioma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1997; 25:97-126. [PMID: 9134313 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(96)00231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H C Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Dijkzigt Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Upham JW, Garlepp MJ, Musk AW, Robinson BW. Malignant mesothelioma: new insights into tumour biology and immunology as a basis for new treatment approaches. Thorax 1995; 50:887-93. [PMID: 7570443 PMCID: PMC474913 DOI: 10.1136/thx.50.8.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Upham
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia
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Fitzpatrick DR, Manning LS, Musk AW, Robinson BW, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Potential for cytokine therapy of malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rev 1995; 21:273-88. [PMID: 7656268 DOI: 10.1016/0305-7372(95)90004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D R Fitzpatrick
- Transplantation Biology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia
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Mórocz IA, Schmitter D, Lauber B, Stahel RA. Autocrine stimulation of a human lung mesothelioma cell line is mediated through the transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor mitogenic pathway. Br J Cancer 1994; 70:850-6. [PMID: 7947089 PMCID: PMC2033553 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1994.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells frequently acquire a certain independency of exogenous growth factors via the coexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related molecules. In the present study we investigate a possible involvement of EGF-related molecules in the growth of human lung mesothelioma. Four well-characterised cell lines are analysed for their responsiveness to exogenous EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) as well as for coexpression of EGFR and EGF/TGF-alpha. Both growth factors are able to stimulate DNA synthesis in three cell lines, although the degree of responsiveness is very variable, but neither EGF nor TGF-alpha has an effect on the cell line ZL34. In contrast, no heterogeneity is observed in the expression of EGFR, which is similarly high in all cell lines. Analysis of cell supernatants reveals that, whereas no EGF is detected, TGF-alpha is released by two cell lines. Furthermore, these two cell lines, ZL5 and ZL34, are shown to express the membrane anchored precursor pro-TGF-alpha. Thus, coexpression of EGFR and TGF-alpha is observed on two mesothelioma cell lines. The potential autocrine mitogenic role of TGF-alpha in these two cell lines was tested using neutralising antibodies against TGF-alpha and EGFR. In ZL5 cells DNA synthesis was not affected by the presence of neutralising antibodies, indicating that an external autocrine mitogenic pathway is not active in these cells. In ZL34 cells, however, the potential autocrine loop could be disrupted, as DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in the presence of neutralising antibodies. This result gives strong evidence for an autocrine role of TGF-alpha in the growth of the mesothelioma cell line ZL34.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Mórocz
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Seymour L, Bezwoda WR. Positive immunostaining for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32:229-33. [PMID: 7865852 DOI: 10.1007/bf00665774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest a prognostic role for PDGF in patients with breast cancer, with patients with high plasma PDGF levels or positive response to therapy. We have examined a further 58 patients with advanced breast cancer for the presence of tissue PDGF immunostaining. Patients displaying positive tissue immunostaining for PDGF had a highly significant shorter survival (p = 0.002) than patients with no immunostaining. In addition PDGF positive patients treated with combination chemotherapy had a significantly lower response rate (p = 0.05) than PDGF negative patients. These results confirm our previous findings that PDGF may be an important indicator of shortened survival and treatment failure in patients with advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seymour
- Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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