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Yousaf H, Khan MIU, Ali I, Munir MU, Lee KY. Emerging role of macrophages in non-infectious diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114426. [PMID: 36822022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, a huge body of evidence through various research studies conducted on animal models, has demonstrated that the macrophages are centralized of all the leukocytes involved in diseases and, particularly, their role in non-infectious diseases has been studied extensively for which they have also been referred to as the "double-edged swords". The most versatile of all immunocytes, macrophages play a key role in health and diseases. Various experimental models have demonstrated the conventional paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy, which is not as obvious and presents a complex characterization of the macrophages in the disease immunology. In human diseases, this M1-M2 continuum shows a complex web of mechanisms, which are majorly divided into the pro-inflammatory roles (derived mainly by the cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor) and anti-inflammatory roles (CCl-17, CCl-22, CCL-2, transforming growth factor (TGF), and interleukin-10), which are involved in the wound healing and pathogen-suppression. The conventional division of these macrophages as M1 and M2 is derived from the opposing functions of these macrophages; where M1 is involved in the tissue damage and pro-inflammatory roles and M2 promotes cell proliferation and the resolution of inflammation. Both these pathways down-regulate each other in diseases through a plethora of enzymatic and cytokine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
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Mann M, Brasier AR. Evolution of proteomics technologies for understanding respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:379-394. [PMID: 34018899 PMCID: PMC8277732 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1931130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major human pathogen associated with long term morbidity. RSV replication occurs primarily in the epithelium, producing a complex cellular response associated with acute inflammation and long-lived changes in pulmonary function and allergic disease. Proteomics approaches provide important insights into post-transcriptional regulatory processes including alterations in cellular complexes regulating the coordinated innate response and epigenome.Areas covered: Peer-reviewed proteomics studies of host responses to RSV infections and proteomics techniques were analyzed. Methodologies identified include 1)." bottom-up" discovery proteomics, 2). Organellar proteomics by LC-gel fractionation; 3). Dynamic changes in protein interaction networks by LC-MS; and 4). selective reaction monitoring MS. We introduce recent developments in single-cell proteomics, top-down mass spectrometry, and photo-cleavable surfactant chemistries that will have impact on understanding how RSV induces extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and airway remodeling.Expert opinion: RSV replication induces global changes in the cellular proteome, dynamic shifts in nuclear proteins, and remodeling of epigenetic regulatory complexes linked to the innate response. Pathways discovered by proteomics technologies have led to deeper mechanistic understanding of the roles of heat shock proteins, redox response, transcriptional elongation complex remodeling and ECM secretion remodeling in host responses to RSV infections and pathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Contoli M, Baraldo S, Conti V, Gnesini G, Marku B, Casolari P, Scrigner P, Morelli P, Saetta M, Spanevello A, Papi A. Airway inflammatory profile is correlated with symptoms in stable COPD: A longitudinal proof-of-concept cohort study. Respirology 2019; 25:80-88. [PMID: 31251440 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Symptoms negatively impact the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Little is known about the relationship linking airway inflammation and symptoms in stable COPD. In this study, we evaluated whether respiratory symptoms in COPD are related to sputum inflammatory cellular profile and whether symptom changes are associated with changes in airway inflammation. METHODS A total of 40 patients with stable COPD with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction were enrolled. Patients were visited weekly over 4 weeks. At each visit, patients underwent clinical assessments, lung function tests and sputum induction. Patients recorded daily dyspnoea, sputum and cough scores. RESULTS The changes between two consecutive visits in the percent of sputum neutrophils and eosinophils were related to the changes in the cough (P < 0.001; r = 0.63) and dyspnoea scores (P < 0.001; r = 0.58) of the prior week. Furthermore, using regression analyses, we were able to demonstrate that changes in the cough score were specifically associated to the change in neutrophils, while changes in the dyspnoea score and use of rescue medications were associated with changes in eosinophils numbers. CONCLUSION Our study showed an association between symptoms and the sputum inflammatory profile. In particular, changes in symptoms (cough and dyspnoea) were correlated with changes in the specific sputum inflammatory cell components of airway inflammation (neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively), providing novel information on the mechanisms of disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contoli
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Conti
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Gnesini
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Brunilda Marku
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and Fondazione Maugeri, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Ovalbumin-induced allergic lung inflammation (ALI) is a condition believed to be mediated by cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, and redox imbalance. In this study, we evaluated pulmonary function together with inflammatory markers as interleukin-4 (IL-4), myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cells, and redox markers in the lungs of BALB/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Our results showed an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness stimulated by methacholine (Mch), inflammatory cell influx, especially eosinophils together with an increase of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and altered lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant defenses in the OVA group compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.5). Thus, we demonstrated that OVA-induced ALI altered redox status concomitantly with impaired lung function, which was associated with HMGB1 expression and proteolytic remodeling. Taken together all results found here, we may suggest HMGB1 is an important therapeutic target for asthma, once orchestrates the redox signaling, inflammation, and remodeling that contribute to the disease development.
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Muralidharan A, Li C, Wang L, Li X. Immunopathogenesis associated with formaldehyde-inactivated RSV vaccine in preclinical and clinical studies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:351-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1260452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abenaya Muralidharan
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Viral Vaccine III, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Wu F, Wei J, Liu Z, Zeng X, Yu Z, Lv Z, Sun X, Wu Z. Soluble antigen derived from IV larva of Angiostrongylus cantonensis promotes chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) expression induced by interleukin-13. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3737-46. [PMID: 27256220 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) is an emerging food-borne parasitic disease, which refers basically to eosinophilic meningitis. Chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3), a member of chitinase-like protein family which has chemotactic activity for eosinophils, is reported to be highly upregulated in brain of mouse infected with A. cantonensis. The mechanisms of high expression of Chil3 and the association between A. cantonensis and Chil3 are rarely reported. In order to understand the mechanism of high expression of Chil3 in A. cantonensis-infected mouse, we measured the level of Chil3 in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cell lines stimulated with soluble antigen of A. cantonensis by qPCR and ELISA. To explore the role of Chil3 in inflammation caused by A. cantonensis, we extracted and cultured brain mononuclear cells (BMNCs) and detected the eosinophil chemotactic activity of Chil3 using transwell assay and flow cytometer. Furthermore, we treated the infected mice by injection with rmChil3 and then counted the number of larvae in brains of infected mice and treated mice to examine the association between the worm and Chil3. Our results showed the soluble antigen from A. cantonensis could promote the Chil3 expression in macrophage and microglial cell lines induced by interleukin-13. In conclusion, we supposed that high expression of Chil3 enhanced by soluble antigens from A. cantonensis might be the reason of serious eosinophil infiltration in mouse brain after A. cantonensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Host proteome correlates of vaccine-mediated enhanced disease in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol 2015; 89:5022-31. [PMID: 25694607 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03630-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Despite over 50 years of research, to date no safe and efficacious RSV vaccine has been licensed. Many experimental vaccination strategies failed to induce balanced T-helper (Th) responses and were associated with adverse effects such as hypersensitivity and immunopathology upon challenge. In this study, we explored the well-established recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) RSV-F/RSV-G vaccination-challenge mouse model to study phenotypically distinct vaccine-mediated host immune responses at the proteome level. In this model, rVV-G priming and not rVV-F priming results in the induction of Th2 skewed host responses upon RSV challenge. Mass spectrometry-based spectral count comparisons enabled us to identify seven host proteins for which expression in lung tissue is associated with an aberrant Th2 skewed response characterized by the influx of eosinophils and neutrophils. These proteins are involved in processes related to the direct influx of eosinophils (eosinophil peroxidase [Epx]) and to chemotaxis and extravasation processes (Chil3 [chitinase-like-protein 3]) as well as to eosinophil and neutrophil homing signals to the lung (Itgam). In addition, the increased levels of Arg1 and Chil3 proteins point to a functional and regulatory role for alternatively activated macrophages and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in Th2 cytokine-driven RSV vaccine-mediated enhanced disease. IMPORTANCE RSV alone is responsible for 80% of acute bronchiolitis cases in infants worldwide and causes substantial mortality in developing countries. Clinical trials performed with formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine preparations in the 1960s failed to induce protection upon natural RSV infection and even predisposed patients for enhanced disease. Despite the clinical need, to date no safe and efficacious RSV vaccine has been licensed. Since RSV vaccines have a tendency to prime for unbalanced responses associated with an exuberant influx of inflammatory cells and enhanced disease, detailed characterization of primed host responses has become a crucial element in RSV vaccine research. We investigated the lung proteome of mice challenged with RSV upon priming with vaccine preparations known to induce phenotypically distinct host responses. Seven host proteins whose expression levels are associated with vaccine-mediated enhanced disease have been identified. The identified protein biomarkers support the development as well as detailed evaluation of next-generation RSV vaccines.
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8
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Chu X, Jiang L, Wei M, Yang X, Guan M, Xie X, Wei J, Liu D, Wang D. Attenuation of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma by Licochalcone A. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:653-61. [PMID: 24028304 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.834929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Licochalcone A (Lico A) is a major and biogenetically characteristic chalcone isolated from the root of Xinjiang liquorice, Glycyrrhiza inflata. OBJECTIVE We focused on investigating whether Lico A possesses distinct anti-inflammatory activity on a non-infectious mouse model of asthma, and we aimed to elucidate its involvement with the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. METHODS BALB/c mice that were sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin (OVA) were treated with Lico A (50 mg/kg) 1 h before they were challenged with OVA. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that Lico A may effectively inhibit the increase in T-helper type 2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG. Furthermore, Lico A substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and mucus hyper-secretion by goblet cells in the airway. Meanwhile, pretreatment with Lico A resulted in a significant reduction in mRNA expression of acidic mammalian chitinase, chitinase 3-like protein 4 (Ym2), E-selectin, Muc5ac, CCL11 and CCR3 in lung tissues and airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Lico A may effectively delay the progression of airway inflammation and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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9
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Interleukin-33 drives activation of alveolar macrophages and airway inflammation in a mouse model of acute exacerbation of chronic asthma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:250938. [PMID: 23936781 PMCID: PMC3722780 DOI: 10.1155/2013/250938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in airway inflammation in an experimental model of an acute exacerbation of chronic asthma, which reproduces many of the features of the human disease. Systemically sensitized female BALB/c mice were challenged with a low mass concentration of aerosolized ovalbumin for 4 weeks to induce chronic asthmatic inflammation and then received a single moderate-level challenge to trigger acute airway inflammation simulating an asthmatic exacerbation. The inflammatory response and expression of cytokines and activation markers by alveolar macrophages (AM) were assessed, as was the effect of pretreatment with a neutralizing antibody to IL-33. Compared to chronically challenged mice, AM from an acute exacerbation exhibited significantly enhanced expression of markers of alternative activation, together with enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and of cell surface proteins associated with antigen presentation. In parallel, there was markedly increased expression of both mRNA and immunoreactivity for IL-33 in the airways. Neutralization of IL-33 significantly decreased both airway inflammation and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by AM. Collectively, these data indicate that in this model of an acute exacerbation of chronic asthma, IL-33 drives activation of AM and has an important role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation.
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Sakuda S, Inoue H, Nagasawa H. Novel biological activities of allosamidins. Molecules 2013; 18:6952-68. [PMID: 23765233 PMCID: PMC6269690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosamidins, which are secondary metabolites of the Streptomyces species, have chitin-mimic pseudotrisaccharide structures. They bind to catalytic centers of all family 18 chitinases and inhibit their enzymatic activity. Allosamidins have been used as chitinase inhibitors to investigate the physiological roles of chitinases in a variety of organisms. Two prominent biological activities of allosamidins were discovered, where one has anti-asthmatic activity in mammals, while the other has the chitinase-production- promoting activity in allosamidin-producing Streptomyces. In this article, recent studies on the novel biological activities of allosamidins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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11
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Possa SS, Leick EA, Prado CM, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:46. [PMID: 23616768 PMCID: PMC3627984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes involved in pathogenesis of asthma. A cascade of processes directed by Th2 cytokine producing T-cells influence the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Furthermore, multiple elements including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, chemoattractants such as eotaxin, Clara cells, and CC chemokine receptor (CCR)3 are already directly involved in recruiting eosinophils to the lung during allergic inflammation. Once recruited, eosinophils participate in the modulation of immune response, induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, characteristic features of asthma. Various types of promising treatments for reducing asthmatic response are related to reduction in eosinophil counts both in human and experimental models of pulmonary allergic inflammation, showing that the recruitment of these cells really plays an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Possa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Chu X, Wei M, Yang X, Cao Q, Xie X, Guan M, Wang D, Deng X. Effects of an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, emodin, on airway responses in a murine model of asthma. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2368-75. [PMID: 22484343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emodin is a component from traditional Chinese herbal medicines. We focused on investigating whether emodin possesses distinct anti-inflammatory activity on a non-infectious mouse model of asthma, and we aimed to elucidate its involvement with the NF-κB pathway. BALB/c mice that were sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin were treated with emodin (40 mg/kg) 1h before they were challenged with OVA. Our study demonstrated that emodin inhibited OVA-induced increases in eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels were recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG, and IgG1. Histological studies demonstrated that emodin substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and mucus hyper-secretion by goblet cells in the airway. Furthermore, pretreatment with emodin resulted in a significant reduction in mRNA expression of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), chitinase 3-like protein 4 (Ym2) and Muc5ac in lung tissues and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. These findings suggest that emodin may effectively delay the progression of airway inflammation and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Sato Y, Suzuki S, Muraoka S, Kikuchi N, Noda N, Matsumoto T, Inoue H, Nagasawa H, Sakuda S. Preparation of allosamidin and demethylallosamidin photoaffinity probes and analysis of allosamidin-binding proteins in asthmatic mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3054-9. [PMID: 21530272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allosamidins, metabolites of Streptomyces with strong inhibitory activities toward family 18 chitinases, show a variety of biological activities in various organisms. We prepared photoaffinity and biotinylated probes of allosamidin and demethylallosamidin, the N-demethyl derivative that shows much stronger anti-asthmatic activity than allosamidin. Mild acid hydrolysis of allosamidins afforded mono-amine derivatives, which were amidated to prepare probes with a photoactivatable aryl azide and/or biotin moieties. The derivatives with an N-acyl group at C-2 of the D-allosamine residue at the non-reducing end of allosamidins inhibited Trichoderma chitinase as strongly as the original compounds. Since the target of allosamidins in asthma is unclear, photoaffinity probes were used to analyze allosamidin-binding proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in IL-13-induced asthmatic mice. Ym1, a chitinase-like protein, was identified as the main allosamidin-binding protein among proteins whose expression was upregulated by IL-13 in BAL fluid. Binding of allosamidins with Ym1 was confirmed by the experiments with photoaffinity probes and recombinant Ym1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bnkyo-ku, Japan
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Radchenko VV, Il'nitskaia EV, Tret'iakov VE, Serebriakova MV, Storozheva ZI, Shuvaeva TM, Lipkin VM. [Identification in the rat olfactory epithelium new subgroup YM-1 chitinase-like protein]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 36:646-53. [PMID: 21063451 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel protein with a molecular mass of ~43 kDa from rat olfactory epithelium in pathophysiological conditions was discovered. Its amino acid sequence and affiliation with the family 18 glycohydrolase subgroup of chitinase-like proteins YM-1 were determined.
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Yao X, Dai C, Fredriksson K, Dagur PK, McCoy JP, Qu X, Yu ZX, Keeran KJ, Zywicke GJ, Amar MJA, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. 5A, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, attenuates the induction of house dust mite-induced asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:576-83. [PMID: 21115733 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New treatment approaches are needed for patients with asthma. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major structural protein of high-density lipoproteins, mediates reverse cholesterol transport and has atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we hypothesized that an apoA-I mimetic peptide might be effective at inhibiting asthmatic airway inflammation. A 5A peptide, which is a synthetic, bihelical apoA-I mimetic, was administered to wild-type A/J mice via osmotic mini-pump prior to the induction of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. HDM-challenged mice that received the 5A apoA-I mimetic peptide had significant reductions in the number of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as in histopathological evidence of airway inflammation. The reduction in airway inflammation was mediated by a reduction in the expression of Th2- and Th17-type cytokines, as well as in chemokines that promote T cell and eosinophil chemotaxis, including CCL7, CCL17, CCL11, and CCL24. Furthermore, the 5A apoA-I mimetic peptide inhibited the alternative activation of pulmonary macrophages in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. It also abrogated the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced several key features of airway remodeling, including goblet cell hyperplasia and the expression of collagen genes (Col1a1 and Col3a1). Our results demonstrate that the 5A apoA-I mimetic peptide attenuates the development of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in an experimental murine model of HDM-induced asthma. These data support the conclusion that strategies using apoA-I mimetic peptides, such as 5A, might be developed further as a possible new treatment approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bry K, Hogmalm A, Bäckström E. Mechanisms of inflammatory lung injury in the neonate: lessons from a transgenic mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol 2010; 34:211-21. [PMID: 20494738 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is not well understood. By using a transgenic mouse expressing the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta in the lung, we have shown that perinatal expression of IL-1beta causes a BPD-like illness in infant mice. We have used this model to identify mechanisms by which inflammation causes neonatal lung injury. Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity is associated with BPD. MMP-9 deficiency worsens alveolar hypoplasia in IL-1beta-expressing newborn mice, suggesting that MMP-9 has a protective role in neonatal inflammatory lung injury. The beta6 integrin subunit, an activator of transforming growth factor-beta, is involved in adult lung disease. Absence of the beta6 integrin subunit improves alveolar development in IL-1beta-expressing mice, suggesting that the beta6 integrin subunit is a pathogenetic factor in inflammatory lung disease in the newborn. The authors of clinical studies who have examined maternal inflammation as a risk factor for BPD have found variable results. We have shown that maternal IL-1beta production preceding fetal IL-1beta production prevents lung inflammation, alveolar hypoplasia, and airway remodeling in newborn IL-1beta-expressing mice. Thus, maternal inflammation may protect the newborn lung against subsequent inflammatory injury. In contrast, when maternal and fetal production of IL-1beta are induced simultaneously, the development of IL-1beta-induced lung disease in the newborn is not prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hogmalm A, Sheppard D, Lappalainen U, Bry K. beta6 Integrin subunit deficiency alleviates lung injury in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:88-98. [PMID: 19717813 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0480oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. We have previously shown that perinatal pulmonary expression of human IL-1beta is sufficient to cause a lung disease similar to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, characterized by inflammation, impaired alveolarization, poor postnatal growth, and increased mortality in infant mice. The alphavbeta6 integrin plays a critical role in regulating inflammation in the adult lung. To study the role of the beta6 integrin subunit in neonatal inflammatory lung disease, we compared the pulmonary development in IL-1beta-expressing infant mice with wild-type or null beta6 integrin loci. Absence of the beta6 integrin subunit decreased the mortality and improved the postnatal growth of IL-1beta-expressing pups. The disrupted alveolar development of IL-1beta-expressing mice was improved by beta6 integrin deficiency. IL-1beta-expressing beta6(-/-) pups had shorter alveolar chord length and thinner alveolar walls than IL-1beta-expressing beta6(+/+) pups. In addition, the absence of the beta6 integrin subunit reduced IL-1beta-induced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the alveolar spaces. beta6 integrin subunit deficiency suppressed inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways and alleviated airway remodeling in IL-1beta-expressing mice. The expression of the chemoattractant proteins, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, calgranulin A, and calgranulin B, of osteopontin, and of the chitinase-like lectins, Ym1 and Ym2, was lower in IL-1beta-expressing beta6(-/-) than in IL-1beta-expressing beta6(+/+) mice. We conclude that absence of the beta6 integrin subunit protects the infant murine lung against IL-1beta-induced inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hogmalm
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SWE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bäckström E, Lappalainen U, Bry K. Maternal IL-1beta production prevents lung injury in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:149-60. [PMID: 19411613 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0287oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of maternal inflammation on neonatal outcome. Production of IL-1beta in the lungs of newborn infants is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Using bitransgenic (bi-TG) mice in which human (h) IL-1beta is expressed with a doxycycline-inducible system controlled by the Clara cell secretory protein promoter, we have shown that hIL-1beta expression causes a bronchopulmonary dysplasia-like illness in infant mice. To study the hypothesis that maternal hIL-1beta production modifies the response of the newborn to hIL-1beta, doxycycline was administered to bi-TG and control dams from Embryonic Day 0, inducing production of hIL-1beta by the bi-TG dams before hIL-1beta production started in their bi-TG fetuses, or from Embryonic Day 15, inducing simultaneous production of hIL-1beta by both the bi-TG dams and their bi-TG fetuses. In addition to the lungs, hIL-1beta was expressed at low levels in the uteri of bi-TG dams. Maternal inflammation preceding fetal inflammation increased the survival and growth of hIL-1beta-expressing pups, enhanced alveolarization, and protected the airways against remodeling and goblet cell hyperplasia. Maternal hIL-1beta production preceding fetal hIL-1beta production caused silencing of several inflammatory genes, including CXC and CC chemokines, murine IL-1beta, serum amyloid A3, and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and suppressed the expression of chitinase-like lectins Ym1 and Ym2 in the lungs of infant mice. Maternal inflammation protects the newborn against subsequent hIL-1beta-induced lung inflammation and injury. In contrast, induction of hIL-1beta production simultaneously in bi-TG dams and their fetuses offered no protection against inflammatory lung disease in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bäckström
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sutherland TE, Maizels RM, Allen JE. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T-helper type 2 allergies. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:943-55. [PMID: 19400900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chitinase and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are a family of mediators increasingly associated with infection, T cell-mediated inflammation, wound healing, allergy and asthma. Although our current knowledge of the function of mammalian chitinases and CLPs is very limited, important information can be deduced from research carried out in lower organisms, and in different immunopathological conditions. Enzymatically active mammalian chitinase proteins may have evolved to degrade the copious amounts of chitin mammals are exposed to on a daily basis, and to form an innate barrier to chitin-containing organisms. CLPs are homologous to chitinases but lack the ability to degrade chitin. It is most striking that both chitinases and CLPs are up-regulated in T-helper type 2 (Th2)-driven conditions, and the first evidence is now emerging that these proteins may accentuate Th2 reactivity, and possibly contribute to the repair process that follows inflammation. Following studies demonstrating that chitinase inhibition leads to an attenuated allergic response, several strategies are being used to develop enzyme inhibitors for therapeutic use in human diseases. In this review, we will summarize recent insights into the effects of chitinases and CLPs in the context of Th2-dominated pathology with particular focus on allergy and asthma, discussing whether chitinase enzyme inhibitors may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Sutherland
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Bussink AP, Speijer D, Aerts JMFG, Boot RG. Evolution of mammalian chitinase(-like) members of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. Genetics 2007; 177:959-70. [PMID: 17720922 PMCID: PMC2034658 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.075846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Family 18 of glycosyl hydrolases encompasses chitinases and so-called chi-lectins lacking enzymatic activity due to amino acid substitutions in their active site. Both types of proteins widely occur in mammals although these organisms lack endogenous chitin. Their physiological function(s) as well as evolutionary relationships are still largely enigmatic. An overview of all family members is presented and their relationships are described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that both active chitinases (chitotriosidase and AMCase) result from an early gene duplication event. Further duplication events, followed by mutations leading to loss of chitinase activity, allowed evolution of the chi-lectins. The homologous genes encoding chitinase(-like) proteins are clustered in two distinct loci that display a high degree of synteny among mammals. Despite the shared chromosomal location and high homology, individual genes have evolved independently. Orthologs are more closely related than paralogues, and calculated substitution rate ratios indicate that protein-coding sequences underwent purifying selection. Substantial gene specialization has occurred in time, allowing for tissue-specific expression of pH optimized chitinases and chi-lectins. Finally, several family 18 chitinase-like proteins are present only in certain lineages of mammals, exemplifying recent evolutionary events in the chitinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Bussink
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bao Z, Lim S, Liao W, Lin Y, Thiemermann C, Leung BP, Wong WSF. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition attenuates asthma in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:431-8. [PMID: 17556716 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200609-1292oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB has been associated with the development of asthma. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is known to regulate the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta may have anti-inflammatory effects in allergic asthma. METHODS BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin developed airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for total and differential cell counts, and for cytokine and chemokine levels. Lung tissues were examined for cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion, and for the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Airway hyperresponsiveness was monitored by direct airway resistance analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Intravenous administration of 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitor, significantly inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in total cell counts, eosinophil counts, and IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin levels recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a dose-dependent manner. TDZD-8 substantially reduced the serum levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE. Histologic studies showed that TDZD-8 dramatically inhibited ovalbumin-induced lung tissue eosinophilia and airway mucus production. TDZD-8 also markedly suppressed ovalbumin-induced mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Muc5ac, and three members of the chitinase family (acidic mammalian chitinase, Ym1, and Ym2). In addition, TDZD-8 significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine. Western blot analysis of whole lung lysates revealed that TDZD-8 markedly attenuated the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappaB subunit p65 from ovalbumin-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta may provide a novel means for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
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HogenEsch H, Dunham A, Seymour R, Renninger M, Sundberg JP. Expression of chitinase-like proteins in the skin of chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm/cpdm) mice. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:808-14. [PMID: 16984263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian chitinase-like proteins belong to a family of proteins structurally related to chitinases but devoid of enzymatic activity. They have a postulated role in remodeling of extracellular matrix and defense mechanisms against chitin-containing pathogens. The expression of these proteins is increased in parasitic infections and allergic airway disease, but their expression in dermatitis has not been examined. The mRNA expression of two chitinase 3-like (Chi3L) proteins, Chi3L3 (Ym1) and Chi3L4 (Ym2), was determined in the skin of normal mice, chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm/cpdm) mutant mice and mice with experimentally induced contact hypersensitivity reaction. The localization of Chi3L3 and Chi3L4 proteins in cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy of double-labeled frozen sections of skin, and confirmed in vitro by stimulation of macrophages and mast cells with cytokines. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated a 976-fold increase of Chi3l4 mRNA expression and a 24-fold increase of Chi3l3 mRNA expression in the skin of cpdm/cpdm mice. Their expression was also increased in the ears of mice with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity, but the increase was greater for Chi3l3 mRNA (51-fold) than Chi3l4 mRNA (32-fold). Western blot analysis with an antibody against Chi3L3 and Chi3L4 confirmed the increased amount of these proteins in the skin of cpdm/cpdm mice. Two-color immunofluorescence identified macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells as cellular sources of Chi3L3 and Chi3L4 proteins. Eosinophils and neutrophils did not contain detectable concentrations of these proteins. Treatment of macrophages and mast cells in vitro with interleukin-4 induced expression of Chi3l3 and Chi3l4 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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