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Ahuja N, Awad K, Yang S, Dong H, Mikos A, Aswath P, Young S, Brotto M, Varanasi V. SiON x Coating Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antioxidant Capacity via Nuclear Erythroid Factor 2 Activity under Toxic Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:189. [PMID: 38397787 PMCID: PMC10885901 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing in compromised and complicated bone defects is often prolonged and delayed due to the lack of bioactivity of the fixation device, secondary infections, and associated oxidative stress. Here, we propose amorphous silicon oxynitride (SiONx) as a coating for the fixation devices to improve both bioactivity and bacteriostatic activity and reduce oxidative stress. We aimed to study the effect of increasing the N/O ratio in the SiONx to fine-tune the cellular activity and the antioxidant effect via the NRF2 pathway under oxidative stress conditions. The in vitro studies involved using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to examine the effect of SiONx coatings on osteogenesis with and without toxic oxidative stress. Additionally, bacterial growth on SiONx surfaces was studied using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonies. NRF2 siRNA transfection was performed on the hMSCs (NRF2-KD) to study the antioxidant response to silicon ions. The SiONx implant surfaces showed a >4-fold decrease in bacterial growth vs. bare titanium as a control. Increasing the N/O ratio in the SiONx implants increased the alkaline phosphatase activity >1.5 times, and the other osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, RUNX2, and Osterix) were increased >2-fold under normal conditions. Increasing the N/O ratio in SiONx enhanced the protective effects and improved cell viability against toxic oxidative stress conditions. There was a significant increase in osteocalcin activity compared to the uncoated group, along with increased antioxidant activity under oxidative stress conditions. In NRF2-KD cells, there was a stunted effect on the upregulation of antioxidant markers by silicon ions, indicating a role for NRF2. In conclusion, the SiONx coatings studied here displayed bacteriostatic properties. These materials promoted osteogenic markers under toxic oxidative stress conditions while also enhancing antioxidant NRF2 activity. These results indicate the potential of SiONx coatings to induce in vivo bone regeneration in a challenging oxidative stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
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Awad K, Ahuja N, Yacoub AS, Brotto L, Young S, Mikos A, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1217054. [PMID: 37520216 PMCID: PMC10376722 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the declining rate of new bone formation associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system. This article emphasizes the importance of semiconductor industry-derived materials as a potential solution to combat oxidative stress and address the challenges associated with aging bone. Furthermore, we discuss various material and autologous treatment approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate new therapeutic strategies in the context of craniofacial bone repair. By focusing on these aspects, we aim to shed light on the potential of advanced biomaterials to overcome the limitations of current treatments and pave the way for more effective and efficient therapeutic interventions for craniofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Yacoub
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Katz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, J.W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Yang W, Zeng Q, Pan Q, Huang W, Hu H, Shao Z. Application and prospect of ROS-related nanomaterials for orthopaedic related diseases treatment. Front Chem 2022; 10:1035144. [PMID: 36277336 PMCID: PMC9581401 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1035144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the occurrence and development of orthopaedic related diseases is becoming increasingly prominent. ROS regulation has become a new method to treat orthopaedic related diseases. In recent years, the application of nanomaterials has become a new hope for precision and efficient treatment. However, there is a lack of reviews on ROS-regulated nanomaterials for orthopaedic related diseases. Based on the key significance of nanomaterials for the treatment of orthopaedic related diseases, we searched the latest related studies and reviewed the nanomaterials that regulate ROS in the treatment of orthopaedic related diseases. According to the function of nanomaterials, we describe the scavenging of ROS related nanomaterials and the generation of ROS related nanomaterials. In this review, we closely integrated nanomaterials with the treatment of orthopaedic related diseases such as arthritis, osteoporosis, wound infection and osteosarcoma, etc., and highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of existing nanomaterials. We also looked forward to the design of ROS-regulated nanomaterials for the treatment of orthopaedic related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Zeng
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zengwu Shao, ; Hongzhi Hu, ; Wei Huang,
| | - Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zengwu Shao, ; Hongzhi Hu, ; Wei Huang,
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zengwu Shao, ; Hongzhi Hu, ; Wei Huang,
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Kong Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Wu L, Chen D, Su B, Liu D, Wang X. Silicon-substituted calcium phosphate promotes osteogenic-angiogenic coupling by activating the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:459-473. [PMID: 35623361 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-substituted calcium phosphate (Si-CaP) is a promising bioactive material for bone tissue engineering. The mechanism of Si-CaP regulates osteogenic-angiogenic coupling during bone regeneration has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened the targets of Si-CaP and osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. 83 common genes were regarded as key targets for Si-CaP regulation of the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. Then, we performed protein-protein interaction analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these 83 targets to further predict their molecular mechanism. Our results showed that Si-CaP treatment could regulate the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling by up-regulating the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and the phosphorylation of AKT which in turn activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promoting the expression of RUNX2, OPN, VEGF. In addition, we also found that TLR4 siRNA treatment could block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, while inhibiting the promoting effect of Si-CaP. However, although LY294002 can achieve the same inhibitory effect as TLR4 siRNA by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, it could not affect the expression of TLR4. This indicates that TLR4 is an upstream activator of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results are highly consistent with the prediction of bioinformatics. In conclusion, we have elucidated the role of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling axis in Si-CaP mediated osteogenic-angiogenic coupling for the first time. This study provides new data onto the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of Si-CaP in the process of osteogenic-angiogenic coupling, which strongly supports its wide application for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Kong
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Xin Zhang
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Xinnan Ma
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Leilei Wu
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dechun Chen
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Su
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Daqian Liu
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Awad K, Young S, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Interfacial adhesion and surface bioactivity of anodized titanium modified with SiON and SiONP surface coatings. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2022; 28:101645. [PMID: 35005303 PMCID: PMC8741176 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) surface modification via coating technologies (plasma spraying, electron-beam deposition) has been used to enhance bone-implant bonding by increasing the rate of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation, a property known as bioactivity. Regardless the enhancement in the surface activity, the high fabrication-temperature (> 600 °C) reduces coating-implant adhesion due to thermal expansion mismatch and reduces bioactivity due to increased crystallinity in the coating. Thus, amorphous surface coatings with strong Ti-substrate adhesion that can be fabricated at relatively low temperatures are crucially needed for enhanced osseointegration. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the Ti surface bioactivity via strongly adherent bioactive thin film coatings deposited by low temperature (< 400 °C) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique on nanopore anodized-Ti (A-Ti) surface. Two groups of coating (silicon oxynitride (SiON) and silicon oxynitrophosphide (SiONP)) were deposited on anodized Ti and tested for interfacial adhesion and surface bioactivity. TEM and XPS were used to investigate the interfacial composition while interfacial adhesion was tested using nano-indentation tests which indicated a strong interfacial adhesion between the coatings and the A-Ti substrate. Surface bioactivity of the modified Ti was tested by comprehensive surface characterization (i.e., chemical composition, surface energy, morphology, and mechanical properties) and apatite formation on each surface. SiONP coating significantly enhanced the Ti surface bioactivity that presented the highest surface coverage of carbonated hydroxyapatite (HCA, ~ 40%) with a Ca/P ratio (~ 1.65) close to the stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (~ 1.67) found in bone biomineral. The HCA structure and morphology were confirmed by HR-TEM/SAED, XRD, FT-IR, and HR-SEM/EDX. MSCs in-vitro studies indicated preferable cells adhesion and proliferation on the modified surfaces without any cytotoxic effects. This study concluded that the improved surface bioactivity of Ti-SiON and Ti-SiONP coatings suggests their potential use as strongly adherent bioactive surface coatings for Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Lee S, Li Z, Meng D, Fei Q, Jiang L, Fu T, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhang J. Effect of silicon-doped calcium phosphate cement on angiogenesis based on controlled macrophage polarization. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1516-1526. [PMID: 34536273 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is an important early indicator of osteogenesis involving biomaterials. Bone repair and new bone formation are associated with extensive neovascularization. Silicon-based biomaterials have attracted widespread attention due to their rapid vascularization. Although calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a mature substitute for bone, the application of CPC is limited by its slow degradation and insufficient promotion of neovascularization. Calcium silicate (CS) has been shown to stimulate vascular endothelial proliferation. Thus, CS may be added to CPC (CPC-CS) to improve the biocompatibility and neovascularization of CPC. In the early phase of bone repair (the inflammatory phase), macrophages accumulate around the biomaterial and exert both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of CPC-CS on macrophage polarization is not known, and it is not clear whether the effect on neovascularization is mediated through macrophage polarization. In the present study, we explored whether silicon-mediated macrophage polarization contributes to vascularization by evaluating the CPC-CS-mediated changes in the immuno-environment under different silicate ion contents both in vivo and in vitro. We found that the silicon released from CPC-CS can promote macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype and rapid endothelial neovascularization during bone repair. Dramatic neovascularization and osteogenesis were observed in mouse calvarial bone defects implanted with CPC-CS containing 60% CS. These findings suggest that CPC-CS is a novel biomaterial that can modulate immune response, promote endothelial proliferation, and facilitate neovascularization and osteogenesis. Thus, CPC-CS shows potential as a bone substitute material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dehua Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qinming Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tengfei Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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do Monte FA, Ahuja N, Awad KR, Pan Z, Young S, Kim HKW, Aswath P, Brotto M, Varanasi VG. Silicon Oxynitrophosphide Nanoscale Coating Enhances Antioxidant Marker-Induced Angiogenesis During in vivo Cranial Bone-Defect Healing. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10425. [PMID: 33869985 PMCID: PMC8046063 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects are challenging to heal because of the sudden and large volume of lost bone. Fixative plates are often used to stabilize defects, yet oxidative stress and delayed angiogenesis are contributing factors to poor biocompatibility and delayed bone healing. This study tests the angiogenic and antioxidant properties of amorphous silicon oxynitrophosphide (SiONPx) nanoscale-coating material on endothelial cells to regenerate vascular tissue in vitro and in bone defects. in vitro studies evaluate the effect of silicon oxynitride (SiONx) and two different SiONPx compositions on human endothelial cells exposed to ROS (eg, hydrogen peroxide) that simulates oxidative stress conditions. in vivo studies using adult male Sprague Dawley rats (approximately 450 g) were performed to compare a bare plate, a SiONPx-coated implant plate, and a sham control group using a rat standard-sized calvarial defect. Results from this study showed that plates coated with SiONPx significantly reduced cell death, and enhanced vascular tubule formation and matrix deposition by upregulating angiogenic and antioxidant expression (eg, vascular endothelial growth factor A, angiopoetin-1, superoxide dismutase 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and catalase 1). Moreover, endothelial cell markers (CD31) showed a significant tubular structure in the SiONPx coating group compared with an empty and uncoated plate group. This reveals that atomic doping of phosphate into the nanoscale coating of SiONx produced markedly elevated levels of antioxidant and angiogenic markers that enhance vascular tissue regeneration. This study found that SiONPx or SiONx nanoscale-coated materials enhance antioxidant expression, angiogenic marker expression, and reduce ROS levels needed for accelerating vascular tissue regeneration. These results further suggest that SiONPx nanoscale coating could be a promising candidate for titanium plate for rapid and enhanced cranial bone-defect healing. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A do Monte
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
- Center for Excellence in Hip DisordersTexas Scottish Rite HospitalDallasTXUSA
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone‐Muscle Research CenterUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Kamal R Awad
- Bone‐Muscle Research CenterUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Zui Pan
- Bone‐Muscle Research CenterUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of DentistryHoustonTXUSA
| | - Harry KW Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip DisordersTexas Scottish Rite HospitalDallasTXUSA
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasTXUSA
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone‐Muscle Research CenterUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Venu G Varanasi
- Bone‐Muscle Research CenterUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
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Awad K, Ahuja N, Fiedler M, Peper S, Wang Z, Aswath P, Brotto M, Varanasi V. Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E497. [PMID: 33419056 PMCID: PMC7825403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss injuries overwhelm the endogenous regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, and the associated oxidative damage can delay regeneration and prolong recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon-ions on C2C12 skeletal muscle cells under normal and excessive oxidative stress conditions to gain insights into its role on myogenesis during the early stages of muscle regeneration. In vitro studies indicated that 0.1 mM Si-ions into cell culture media significantly increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and myotube formation compared to control. Additionally, MyoG, MyoD, Neurturin, and GABA expression were significantly increased with addition of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of Si-ion for 1 and 5 days of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, 0.1-2.0 mM Si-ions attenuated the toxic effects of H2O2 within 24 h resulting in increased cell viability and differentiation. Addition of 1.0 mM of Si-ions significantly aid cell recovery and protected from the toxic effect of 0.4 mM H2O2 on cell migration. These results suggest that ionic silicon may have a potential effect in unfavorable situations where reactive oxygen species is predominant affecting cell viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Furthermore, this study provides a guide for designing Si-containing biomaterials with desirable Si-ion release for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Matthew Fiedler
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Sara Peper
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
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Menger MM, Laschke MW, Orth M, Pohlemann T, Menger MD, Histing T. Vascularization Strategies in the Prevention of Nonunion Formation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:107-132. [PMID: 32635857 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing and nonunion formation are major challenges in orthopedic surgery, which require the development of novel treatment strategies. Vascularization is considered one of the major prerequisites for successful bone healing, providing an adequate nutrient supply and allowing the infiltration of progenitor cells to the fracture site. Hence, during the last decade, a considerable number of studies have focused on the evaluation of vascularization strategies to prevent or to treat nonunion formation. These involve (1) biophysical applications, (2) systemic pharmacological interventions, and (3) tissue engineering, including sophisticated scaffold materials, local growth factor delivery systems, cell-based techniques, and surgical vascularization approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that in nonunions, these strategies are indeed capable of improving the process of bone healing. The major challenge for the future will now be the translation of these strategies into clinical practice to make them accessible for the majority of patients. If this succeeds, these vascularization strategies may markedly reduce the incidence of nonunion formation. Impact statement Delayed healing and nonunion formation are a major clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. This review provides an overview of vascularization strategies for the prevention and treatment of nonunions. The successful translation of these strategies in clinical practice is of major importance to achieve adequate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Menger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Liang W, Gao M, Lou J, Bai Y, Zhang J, Lu T, Sun X, Ye J, Li B, Sun L, Heng BC, Zhang X, Deng X. Integrating silicon/zinc dual elements with PLGA microspheres in calcium phosphate cement scaffolds synergistically enhances bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3038-3049. [PMID: 32196049 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02901j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrating multiple pro-osteogenic factors into bone graft substitutes is a practical and effective approach to improve bone repair efficacy. Here, Si-Zn dual elements and PLGA microspheres were incorporated into calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds (PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn) as a novel strategy to synergistically enhance bone regeneration. The incorporation of PLGA microspheres and Si/Zn dual elements within CPC scaffolds improved the setting time, injectability and compressive strength. The PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn scaffolds displayed controlled sequential release of Si and Zn ions. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells displayed the M2 phenotype with a high level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn. The conditioned medium of RAW 264.7 cells cultured on the PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn scaffolds significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. In a rat femur defect model, the implanted PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn scaffolds led to obvious new bone formation after 4 weeks, apparent bone ingrowth into the PLGA microspheres after 12 weeks, and was almost completely filled with mature new bone upon degradation of the PLGA microspheres at 24 weeks. These findings demonstrate that the PLGA/CPC-Si/Zn scaffolds promote osteogenesis by synergistically improving the immune microenvironment and biodegradability. Hence, integrating multiple trace elements together with degradable components within bone graft biomaterials can be an effective strategy for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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do Monte FA, Awad KR, Ahuja N, Kim HK, Aswath P, Brotto M, Varanasi VG. Amorphous Silicon Oxynitrophosphide-Coated Implants Boost Angiogenic Activity of Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:15-27. [PMID: 31044666 PMCID: PMC6983748 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of osteointegration is a major cause of aseptic loosening and failure of implants used in bone replacement. Implants coated with angiogenic biomaterials can improve osteointegration and potentially reduce these complications. Silicon- and phosphorus-based materials have been shown to upregulate expression of angiogenic factors and improve endothelial cell functions. In the present study, we hypothesize that implants coated with amorphous silica-based coatings in the form of silicon oxynitrophosphide (SiONP) by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique could enhance human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenic properties in vitro. The tested groups were: glass coverslip (GCS), tissue culture plate, SiON, SiONP1 (O: 7.3 at %), and SiONP2 (O: 14.2 at %) implants. The SiONP2 composition demonstrated 3.5-fold more fibronectin deposition than the GCS (p < 0.001). The SiONP2 group also presented a significant improvement in the capillary tubule length and thickness compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). At 24 h, we observed at least a twofold upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, angiopoietin-1, and nesprin-2, more evident in the SiONP1 and SiONP2 groups. In conclusion, the studied amorphous silica-coated implants, especially the SiONP2 composition, could enhance the endothelial cell angiogenic properties in vitro and may induce faster osteointegration and healing. Impact Statement In this study, we report for the first time the significant enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenic properties (in vitro) by the amorphous silica-based coatings in the form of silicon oxynitrophosphide (SiONP). The SiONP2 demonstrated 3.5-fold more fibronectin deposition than the glass coverslip and presented a significant improvement in the capillary tubule length and thickness. At 24 h, SiONP reported twofold upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, angiopoietin-1, and nesprin-2. The studied amorphous silica-coated implants enhance the endothelial cell angiogenic properties in vitro and may induce faster osteointegration and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. do Monte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kamal R. Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Harry K.W. Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Venu G. Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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