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Song HB, Jung BK, Kim JH, Lee YH, Choi MH, Kim JH. Investigation of tissue cysts in the retina in a mouse model of ocular toxoplasmosis: distribution and interaction with glial cells. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2597-2605. [PMID: 29858945 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of tachyzoites into bradyzoites is a way for Toxoplasma gondii to establish a chronic and asymptomatic infection and achieve lifelong persistence in the host. The bradyzoites form tissue cysts in the retina, but not much is known about the horizontal distribution of the cysts or their interactions with glial cells in the retina. A chronic ocular toxoplasmosis model was induced by per oral administration of T. gondii Me49 strain cysts to BALB/c mice. Two months after the infection, retinas were flat-mounted and immunostained to detect cysts, ganglion cells, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglial cells, followed by observation under fluorescence and confocal microscope. The horizontal distribution showed a rather clustered pattern, but the clusters were not restricted to certain location of the retina. Axial distribution was confined to the inner retina, mostly in ganglion cell layer or the inner plexiform layer. Both ganglion cells, a type of retinal neurons, and Müller cells, predominant retinal glial cells, could harbor cysts. The cysts were spatially separated from astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the ganglion cell layer, while close spatial distribution of microglial cells was observed in two thirds of retinal cysts. In this study, we demonstrated that the retinal cysts were not evenly distributed horizontally and were confined to the inner retina axially. Both neurons and one type of glial cells could harbor cysts, and topographic analysis of other glial cells suggests role of microglial cells in chronic ocular toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Beom Song
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Belal US, Norose K, Mohamed RM, Sekine S, Nukaga T, Ito K, Abdellatif MZ, Abdelgelil NH, Yano A. Quantitative assessment of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on Toxoplasma gondii loads in susceptible WT C57BL/6 mice as an immunocompetent host model. Parasitol Int 2015; 65:1-4. [PMID: 26384856 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of Toxoplasma gondii with or without sulfamethoxazole (SMX) treatment was evaluated with quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction in various organs of wild-type C57BL/6 mice, a susceptible immunocompetent host, after peroral infection with a cyst-forming Fukaya strain of T. gondii. SMX affected different organs in three ways: T. gondii was reduced independently of SMX (skin and kidney); T. gondii was not eradicated with continuous treatment (brain, heart, and lung); and T. gondii was eradicated with continuous treatment (tongue, skeletal muscle, and small intestine). The SMX concentrations in the brains, hearts, and lungs were higher in infected mice than in uninfected mice. These results indicate that even in an immunocompetent host, chemotherapy is necessary to reduce the parasite load and thus reduce the risk of recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama S Belal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Kazumi Norose
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Rabie M Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takumi Nukaga
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Manal Z Abdellatif
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Noha H Abdelgelil
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Akihiko Yano
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Galiana-Roselló C, Bilbao-Ramos P, Dea-Ayuela MA, Rolón M, Vega C, Bolás-Fernández F, García-España E, Alfonso J, Coronel C, González-Rosende ME. In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and trypanocidal studies of new N-benzene- and N-naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8984-98. [PMID: 24151871 DOI: 10.1021/jm4006127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial and trypanocidal activities of a new series of N-substituted benzene and naphthalenesulfonamides 1-15. Compounds 1-15 were screened in vitro against Leishmania infantum , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania amazonensis , and Trypanosoma cruzi . Sulfonamides 6e, 10b, and 10d displayed remarkable activity and selectivity toward T. cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes. 6e showed significant trypanocidal activity on parasitemia in a murine model of acute Chagas disease. Moreover, 6e, 8c, 9c, 12c, and 14d displayed interesting IC50 values against Leishmania spp promastigotes as well as L. amazonensis and L. infantum amastigotes. 9c showed excellent in vivo activity (up to 97% inhibition of the parasite growth) in a short-term treatment murine model for acute infection by L. infantum. In addition, the effect of compounds 9c and 14d on tubulin as potential target was assessed by confocal microscopy analysis applied to L. infantum promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galiana-Roselló
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Bilbao-Ramos P, Galiana-Roselló C, Dea-Ayuela MA, González-Alvarez M, Vega C, Rolón M, Pérez-Serrano J, Bolás-Fernández F, González-Rosende ME. Nuclease activity and ultrastructural effects of new sulfonamides with anti-leishmanial and trypanocidal activities. Parasitol Int 2012; 61:604-13. [PMID: 22668836 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a series of N-benzenesulfonamides of amine substituted aromatic rings, sulfonamides 1-6, against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. and to compare their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal profile. In order to elucidate the probable mechanism of action, the interaction of selected sulfonamides with pUC18 plasmid DNA was investigated by nuclease activity assays. In addition, the cellular targets of these sulfonamides in treated parasites were also searched by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The most active compounds 4-nitro-N-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide 1a and 4-chloro-N-5-methyl-thiazol-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide 2d displayed significant in vitro activity against Leishmania spp. promastigotes, without toxicity to J774 macrophages. Selected sulfonamides 1a, 4-nitro-N-pyrazin-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide 1n and 2d were also active against Leishmania infantum intracellular amastigotes. Compounds 1n and 2d showed nuclease activity in the presence of copper salt analogous to our previous results with sulfonamide 1a. Mechanistic data reveal the involvement of a redox process. Evidence for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for DNA strand scission is provided for sulfonamides 1a, 1n and 2d. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of L. infantum promastigotes treated with compounds 1a, 1n and 2d shows an overall cellular disorganization effects which are mainly addressed to DNA bearing structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria and kinetoplast. Disruption of double nuclear membrane and loss of cellular integrity along with accumulation of cytoplasmic electrodense bodies were also frequently observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bilbao-Ramos
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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In vitro effects of aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI on Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2221-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hall BR, Oliver GE, Wilkinson M. A presentation of longstanding toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 80:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17:574-5. [PMID: 17065928 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32801121a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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