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Meissner JM, Chmielińska A, Ofri R, Cisło-Sankowska A, Marycz K. Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) Mitigate Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress in Equine Corneal Stromal Stem Cells (CSSCs). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3251-3277. [PMID: 38666934 PMCID: PMC11048834 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal ulcers, characterized by severe inflammation of the cornea, can lead to serious, debilitating complications and may be vision-threatening for horses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in corneal stem progenitor cell (CSSC) dysfunction and explore the potential of equine adipose-derived stromal stem cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to improve corneal wound healing. We showed that CSSCs expressed high levels of CD44, CD45, and CD90 surface markers, indicating their stemness. Supplementation of the ER-stress-inducer tunicamycin to CSSCs resulted in reduced proliferative and migratory potential, accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stressed cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, increased expression of proinflammatory genes, induced oxidative stress and sustained ER stress, and unfolded protein response (UPR). Importantly, treatment with EVs increased the proliferative activity and number of cells in the G2/Mitosis phase, enhanced migratory ability, suppressed the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory miRNA-146a-5p, compared to control and/or ER-stressed cells. Additionally, EVs lowered the expression of ER-stress master regulators and effectors (PERK, IRE1, ATF6, and XBP1), increased the number of mitochondria, and reduced the expression of Fis-1 and Parkin, thereby promoting metabolic homeostasis and protecting against apoptosis in equine CSSCs. Our findings demonstrate that MSCs-derived EVs represent an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy for the transfer of bioactive mediators which regulate various cellular and molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Meissner
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Chmielińska
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Anna Cisło-Sankowska
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95516, USA
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Sumioka T, Iwanishi H, Yasuda S, Ichikawa K, Miyazima M, Kokado M, Okada Y, Saika S. Loss of TRPV4 Cation Channel Inhibition of Macrophage Infiltration and Neovascularization in a Mouse Cornea. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100061. [PMID: 36801638 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal injury-associated inflammation could induce inward-growing neovascularization from the periphery of the tissue. Such neovascularization could cause stromal opacification and curvature disturbance, and both potentially impair visual function. In this study, we determined the effects of the loss of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression on the development of neovascularization in the corneal stroma in mice by producing a cauterization injury in the central area of the cornea. New vessels were immunohistochemically labeled with anti-TRPV4 antibodies. TRPV4 gene knockout suppressed the growth of such CD31-labeled neovascularization in association with the suppression of infiltration of macrophages and tissue messenger RNA expression of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor A level. Treatment of cultured vascular endothelial cells with supplementation of HC-067047 (0.1 μM, 1 μM, or 10 μM), a TRPV4 antagonist, attenuated the formation of a tube-like structure with sulforaphane (15 μM, for positive control) that modeled the new vessel formation. Therefore, the TRPV4 signal is involved in injury-induced macrophagic inflammation and neovascularization activity by vascular endothelial cells in a mouse corneal stroma. TRPV4 could be a therapeutic target to prevent unfavorable postinjury neovascularization in the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan; School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyazima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masahide Kokado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
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Fortingo N, Melnyk S, Sutton SH, Watsky MA, Bollag WB. Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314933. [PMID: 36499260 PMCID: PMC9740891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal wounds resulting from injury, surgeries, or other intrusions not only cause pain, but also can predispose an individual to infection. While some inflammation may be beneficial to protect against microbial infection of wounds, the inflammatory process, if excessive, may delay corneal wound healing. An examination of the literature on the effect of inflammation on corneal wound healing suggests that manipulations that result in reductions in severe or chronic inflammation lead to better outcomes in terms of corneal clarity, thickness, and healing. However, some acute inflammation is necessary to allow efficient bacterial and fungal clearance and prevent corneal infection. This inflammation can be triggered by microbial components that activate the innate immune system through toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 activation leads to pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation. Similarly, endogenous molecules released from disrupted cells, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can also activate TLR2, TLR4 and NFκB, with the resultant inflammation worsening the outcome of corneal wound healing. In sterile keratitis without infection, inflammation can occur though TLRs to impact corneal wound healing and reduce corneal transparency. This review demonstrates the need for acute inflammation to prevent pathogenic infiltration, while supporting the idea that a reduction in chronic and/or excessive inflammation will allow for improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyemkuna Fortingo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
| | - Samuel Melnyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
| | - Sarah H. Sutton
- Department of Medical Illustration, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Watsky
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(706)-721-0698
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4
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Iwanishi H, Yamanaka O, Sumioka T, Yasuda S, Miyajima M, Saika S. Delayed regression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in TNFα-null mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5315-5325. [PMID: 36127870 PMCID: PMC9575074 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of lacking TNFα on the development and regression of Argon-laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. We lasered ocular fundus for induction of CNV in both wild-type (WT) and TNFα-null (KO) mice. Fluorescence angiography was performed to examine the size of CNV lesions. Gene expression pattern of wound healing-related components was examined. The effects of exogenous TNFα on apoptosis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and on the tube-like structure of the cells were investigated in vitro. The results showed that Argon-laser irradiation-induced CNV was significantly larger in KO mice than WT mice on Day 21, but not at other timepoints. Lacking TNFα increased neutrophil population in the lesion. The distribution of cleaved caspase3-labelled apoptotic cells was more frequently observed in the laser-irradiated tissue in a WT mouse as compared with a KO mouse. Exogenous TNFα induced apoptosis of HRMECs and accelerated regression of tube-like structure of HRMECs in cell culture. Taken together, TNFα gene knockout delays the regression of laser-induced CNV in mice. The mechanism underlying the phenotype might include the augmentation of neutrophil population in the treated tissue and attenuation of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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5
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Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111748. [PMID: 34769176 PMCID: PMC8584003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.
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6
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Maier AKB, Reichhart N, Gonnermann J, Kociok N, Riechardt AI, Gundlach E, Strauß O, Joussen AM. Effects of TNFα receptor TNF-Rp55- or TNF-Rp75- deficiency on corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis in the mouse. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245143. [PMID: 33835999 PMCID: PMC8034740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is an inflammatory cytokine likely to be involved in the process of corneal inflammation and neovascularization. In the present study we evaluate the role of the two receptors, TNF-receptor (TNF-R)p55 and TNF-Rp75, in the mouse model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis. Corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis were induced by three 11-0 intrastromal corneal sutures in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and TNF-Rp55-deficient (TNF-Rp55d) and TNF-Rp75-deficient (TNF-Rp75d) mice. The mRNA expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, Lyve-1 and TNFα and its receptors was quantified by qPCR. The area covered with blood- or lymphatic vessels, respectively, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry of corneal flatmounts. Expression and localization of TNFα and its receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry of sagittal sections and Western Blot. Both receptors are expressed in the murine cornea and are not differentially regulated by the genetic alteration. Both TNF-Rp55d and TNF-Rp75d mice showed a decrease in vascularized area compared to wild-type mice 14 days after suture treatment. After 21 days there were no differences detectable between the groups. The number of VEGF-A-expressing macrophages did not differ when comparing WT to TNF-Rp55d and TNF-Rp75d. The mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic markers VEGF-C or LYVE-1 does not increase after suture in all 3 groups and lymphangiogenesis showed a delayed effect only for TNF-Rp75d. TNFα mRNA and protein expression increased after suture treatment but showed no difference between the three groups. In the suture-induced mouse model, TNFα and its ligands TNF-Rp55 and TNF-Rp75 do not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neovascularisation and lymphangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cornea/metabolism
- Cornea/pathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/genetics
- Corneal Neovascularization/pathology
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karina B. Maier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Gonnermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Kociok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline I. Riechardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enken Gundlach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia M. Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Yasuda S, Sumioka T, Iwanishi H, Okada Y, Miyajima M, Ichikawa K, Reinach PS, Saika S. Loss of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 gene function impairs injury-induced stromal angiogenesis in mouse cornea. J Transl Med 2021; 101:245-257. [PMID: 33199821 PMCID: PMC7815507 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid generated through sphingosine kinase1 (SPK1)-mediated phosphorylation of sphingosine. We show here that injury-induced S1P upregulation increases corneal neovascularization through stimulating S1PR3, a cognate receptor. since this response was suppressed in S1PR3-knockout mice. Furthermore, Cayman10444, a selective S1PR3 inhibitor, reduced this response in WT mice. Such reductions in neovascularization were associated with reduced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels in WT TKE2 corneal epithelial cells and macrophages treated with CAY10444 as well as macrophages isolated from S1PR3 KO mice. S1P increased tube-like vessel formation in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) cells expressing S1PR3. In S1PR3 KO mice, TGFβ1-induced increases in αSMA gene expression levels were suppressed relative to those in the WT counterparts. In S1PR3 deficient macrophages, VEGF-A expression levels were lower than in WT macrophages. Transforming growth factor β1(TGFβ1) upregulated SPK1 expression levels in ocular fibroblasts and TKE2 corneal epithelial cells. CAY10444 blocked S1P-induced increases in VEGF-A mRNA expression levels in TKE2 corneal epithelial cells. Endogenous S1P signaling upregulated VEGF-A and VE-cadherin mRNA expression levels in HUVEC. Unlike in TKE2 cells, SIS3 failed to block TGFβ1-induced VEGF-A upregulation in ocular fibroblasts. Taken together, these results indicate that injury-induced TGFβ1 upregulation increases S1P generation through increases in SPK1 activity. The rise in S1P formation stimulates the S1PR3-linked signaling pathway, which in turn increases VEGF-A expression levels and angiogenesis in mouse corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Peter S Reinach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
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Jin L, Zhang Y, Liang W, Lu X, Piri N, Wang W, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC, Zhang L, Liu Y. Zeb1 promotes corneal neovascularization by regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:349. [PMID: 32620870 PMCID: PMC7335040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for tissue repair; but abnormal angiogenesis or neovascularization (NV) causes diseases in the eye. The avascular status in the cornea is a prerequisite for corneal clarity and thought to be maintained by the equilibrium between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors that controls proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) sprouting from the pericorneal plexus. VEGF is the most important intrinsic factor for angiogenesis; anti-VEGF therapies are available for treating ocular NV. However, the effectiveness of the therapies is limited because of VEGF-independent mechanism(s). We show that Zeb1 is an important factor promoting vascular EC proliferation and corneal NV; and a couple of small molecule inhibitors can evict Ctbp from the Zeb1-Ctbp complex, thereby reducing EC Zeb1 expression, proliferation, and corneal NV. We conclude that Zeb1-regulation of angiogenesis is independent of Vegf and that the ZEB1-CtBP inhibitors can be of potential therapeutic significance in treating corneal NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Niloofar Piri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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9
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Yu H, Sun L, Cui J, Li Y, Yan Y, Wei X, Wang C, Song F, Jiang W, Liu Y, Ge H, Qian H, Li X, Tang X, Liu P. Three kinds of corneal host cells contribute differently to corneal neovascularization. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:542-553. [PMID: 31126890 PMCID: PMC6604366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal neovascularization (angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis) compromises corneal transparency and transplant survival, however, the molecular mechanisms of corneal host epithelial and stromal cells in neovascularization have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the contribution and mechanism of corneal host endothelial cells involved in neovascularization are largely unexplored. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and ELISA were used to screen and identify potential neovascularization-related factors in human full-thickness vascularized corneal tissues. Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce inflammation in three kinds of corneal host cells in vitro, including corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. Fungus was used to establish an animal model of corneal neovascularization in vivo. Tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays were used to evaluate the contribution of three kinds of corneal host cells to the degree of neovascularization under various stimuli. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, alpha-crystallin A chain (CRYAA), galectin-8, Bcl-2, neuropilin-2, MMP-9 plasmids, and recombinant human fibronectin were used to identify the key proteins of corneal host cells involved in corneal inflammatory neovascularization. Findings All three kinds of corneal host cells influenced corneal neovascularization to varying degrees. MMP-9 in human corneal epithelial cells, MMP-2, and CRYAA in human corneal stromal cells, and MMP-2 and galectin-8 in human corneal endothelial cells are potential key proteins that participate in corneal inflammatory neovascularization. Interpretation Our data indicated that both the effects of key proteins and corneal host cells involved should be considered for the treatment of corneal inflammatory neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fanqian Song
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wentong Jiang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
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Usui-Kusumoto K, Iwanishi H, Ichikawa K, Okada Y, Sumioka T, Miyajima M, Liu CY, Reinach PS, Saika S. Suppression of neovascularization in corneal stroma in a TRPA1-null mouse. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:90-97. [PMID: 30633924 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization and inflammatory fibrosis induced by severe injury or infection leads to tissue opacification and even blindness. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subtypes contribute to mediating these maladaptive responses through their interactions with other receptors. TRPV1 is one of the contributing channel isoforms inducing neovascularization in an alkali burn mouse wound healing model. VEGF-A upregulation contributes to neovascularization through interaction with its cognate receptors (VEGFR). Since the TRP isoform in this tissue, TRPA1, is also involved, we determined here if one of the pathways mediating neovascularization and immune cell infiltration involve an interaction between VEGFR and TRPA1 in a cauterization corneal mouse wound healing model. Localization of TRPA1 and endothelial cell (EC) CD31 immunostaining pattern intensity determined if TRPA1 expression was EC delimited during cauterization induced angiogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR evaluated the effects of the absence of TRPA1 function on VEGF-A and TGF-β1 mRNA expression during this process. Macrophage infiltration increased based on rises in F4/80 antigen immunoreactivity. TRPA1 immunostaining was absent on CD31-immunostained EC cells undergoing neovascularization, but it was present on other cell type(s) adhering to EC in vivo. Absence of TRPA1 expression suppressed both stromal neovascularization and inhibited macrophage infiltration. Similarly, the increases occurring in both VEGF-A and TGF-β1 mRNA expression levels in WT tissue were blunted in the TRPA1-/- counterpart. On the other hand, in the macrophages their levels were invariant and their infiltration was inhibited. To determine if promotion by TRPA1 of angiogenesis was dependent on its expression on other unidentified cell types, the effects were compared of pharmacological manipulation of TRPA1 activity on EC proliferation tube formation and migration. In the presence and absence of a fibroblast containing feeder layer. Neither VEGF-induced increases in human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation nor migration were changed by a TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 in the absence of a feeder layer. However, on a fibroblast feeder layer this antagonist suppressed HUVEC tube formation. In conclusion, during corneal wound healing transactivation by VEGFR of TRPA1 contributes to mediating neovascularization and macrophage infiltration. Such crosstalk is possible because of close proximity between VEGFR delimited expression on EC and TRPA1 expression restricted to cell types adhering to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Usui-Kusumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | | | - Peter S Reinach
- Wenzhou Medical University School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
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11
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Horwitz V, Dachir S, Cohen M, Gutman H, Cohen L, Gez R, Buch H, Kadar T, Gore A. Differential expression of corneal and limbal cytokines and chemokines throughout the clinical course of sulfur mustard induced ocular injury in the rabbit model. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Sumioka T, Iwanishi H, Okada Y, Nidegawa Y, Miyajima M, Matsumoto KI, Saika S. Loss of tenascin X gene function impairs injury-induced stromal angiogenesis in mouse corneas. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:948-956. [PMID: 29160014 PMCID: PMC5783828 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the contribution by tenascin X (Tnx) gene expression to corneal stromal angiogenesis, the effects were determined of its loss on this response in TNX knockout (KO) mice. In parallel, the effects of such a loss were evaluated on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) gene and protein expression in fibroblasts and macrophages in cell culture. Histological, immunohistochemical and quantitative RT‐PCR changes determined if Tnx gene ablation on angiogenic gene expression, inflammatory cell infiltration and neovascularization induced by central corneal stromal cauterization. The role was determined of Tnx function in controlling VEGF‐A or TGFβ1 gene expression by comparing their expression levels in ocular fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from wild‐type (WT) and body‐wide Tnx KO mice. Tnx was up‐regulated in cauterized cornea. In Tnx KO, macrophage invasion was attenuated, VEGF‐A and its cognate receptor mRNA expression along with neovascularization were lessened in Tnx KOs relative to the changes occurring in their WT counterpart. Loss of Tnx instead up‐regulated in vivo mRNA expression of anti‐angiogenic VEGF‐B but not VEGF‐A. On the other hand, TGFβ1 mRNA expression declined in Tnx KO cultured ocular fibroblasts. Loss of Tnx gene expression caused VEGF‐A expression to decline in macrophages. Tnx gene expression contributes to promoting TGFβ1 mRNA expression in ocular fibroblasts and VEGF‐A in macrophages, macrophage invasion, up‐regulation of VEGF‐A expression and neovascularization in an injured corneal stroma. On the other hand, it suppresses anti‐angiogenic VEGF‐B mRNA expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Nidegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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13
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Iwanishi H, Fujita N, Tomoyose K, Okada Y, Yamanaka O, Flanders KC, Saika S. Inhibition of development of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization with suppression of infiltration of macrophages in Smad3-null mice. J Transl Med 2016; 96:641-51. [PMID: 26950486 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of the loss of Smad3 on the development of experimental argon laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. An in vitro angiogenesis model was also used to examine the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/Smad3 signaling in vessel-like tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CNV was induced in eyes of 8-12-week-old B6.129-background Smad3-deficient (KO) mice (n=47) and wild-type (WT) mice (n=47) by argon laser irradiation. Results showed that the size of the CNV induced was significantly smaller in KO mice as compared with WT mice at day 14 as revealed by high-resolution angiography with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from laser-irradiated choroidal tissues were conducted on specimens at specific timepoints. Invasion of macrophages (F4/80+), but not neutrophils (myeloperoxidase+), and appearance of myofibroblasts (α-smooth muscle actin+) were suppressed in laser-irradiated KO tissues. mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors, that is, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), macrophage-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TGFβ1 in choroidal tissues was suppressed by the loss of Smad3. We then examined the effects of adding a Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3, or an ALK5 inhibitor, SB431542, on tube formation promoted by TGFβ1 or VEGF in HUVECs cocultured with fibroblast feeder. Further addition of SIS3 or SB431542 augmented vessel-like tube formation by HUVECs in the presence of TGFβ1 or VEGF. In conclusion, lack of Smad3 attenuated the growth of laser-induced CNV with suppression of inflammation by macrophages in mice. Because blocking TGFβ1/Smad3 signal stimulated the activity of angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro, the reduction of CNV in vivo in KO mice is attributed to a decrease in growth factor levels in the tissue by the loss of Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Norihito Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsuo Tomoyose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kathleen C Flanders
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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Saika S, Yamanaka O, Okada Y, Sumioka T. Modulation of Smad signaling by non-TGFβ components in myofibroblast generation during wound healing in corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:40-8. [PMID: 26675402 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring/fibrosis disturbs normal transparency and curvature of the tissue and thus impairs vision. The lesion is characterized by appearance of myofibroblasts, the key player of the fibrogenic reaction, and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix. Inflammatory/fibrogenic growth factors or cytokines expressed in inflammatory cells that infiltrate into injured tissues play a pivotal role in fibrotic tissue formation. In this article the pathogenesis of fibrosis/scarring in the corneal stroma is reviewed focusing on the roles of myofibroblast, the key player in corneal stromal wound healing and fibrosis, and cytoplasmic signals activated by the fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Although it is established that TGFβ/Smad signal is essential to the process of keratocyte-myofibroblast transformation in a healing corneal stroma post-injury. This article emphasizes the involvement of non-TGFβ molecular mechanisms in modulating Smad signal. We focus on the roles of matricellular proteins, i.e., osteopontin and tenascin C, and as cellular components, the roles of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptors are discussed. Our intent is to draw attention to the possibility of signal transduction cascade modulation (e.g., Smad signal and mitogen-activated protein kinases, by gene transfer and other related technology) as being beneficial in a clinical setting to reduce or even prevent corneal stromal tissue fibrosis/scarring and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
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15
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Suppression of In Vivo Neovascularization by the Loss of TRPV1 in Mouse Cornea. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:706404. [PMID: 26491553 PMCID: PMC4600561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/706404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of loss of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) on the development of neovascularization in corneal stroma in mice. Blocking TRPV1 receptor did not affect VEGF-dependent neovascularization in cell culture. Lacking TRPV1 inhibited neovascularization in corneal stroma following cauterization. Immunohistochemistry showed that immunoreactivity for active form of TGFβ1 and VEGF was detected in subepithelial stroma at the site of cauterization in both genotypes of mice, but the immunoreactivity seemed less marked in mice lacking TRPV1. mRNA expression of VEGF and TGFβ1 in a mouse cornea was suppressed by the loss of TRPV1. TRPV1 gene ablation did not affect invasion of neutrophils and macrophage in a cauterized mouse cornea. Blocking TRPV1 signal does not affect angiogenic effects by HUVECs in vitro. TRPV1 signal is, however, involved in expression of angiogenic growth factors in a cauterized mouse cornea and is required for neovascularization in the corneal stroma in vivo.
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16
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Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors as a treatment of corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Eye Contact Lens 2015; 41:72-6. [PMID: 25503908 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is normally devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels; however, a number of infectious/inflammatory diseases can induce corneal neovascularization (CNV). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a well known pro-inflammatory cytokine, acts on the vascular endothelium by promoting vasodilatation, edema, and leukocyte recruitment, which are all commonly associated with the development of CNV. Corneal neovascularization is the second cause of blindness worldwide; hence, pharmacological TNF-α inhibition might represent an attractive therapeutic option. Although none of the existing TNF-α antagonists has been registered as a CNV inhibitor, three of them (etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab) have been proposed to control ocular inflammation. More specifically, it has been demonstrated that infliximab is also effective in reducing hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in different animal models of CNV. In this article, we review the role of TNF-α on the ocular surface and, in particular, its specific role in the process of CNV. Moreover, we review existing literature and speculate on the potential role of TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of CNV.
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17
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Protein phosphatase magnesium dependent 1A governs the wound healing-inflammation-angiogenesis cross talk on injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2936-50. [PMID: 25196308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium dependent 1A (PPM1A) has been implicated in fibrosis and skin wounding. We generated PPM1A knockout mice to study the role of PPM1A in the wound healing-inflammation-angiogenesis cross talk. The role of PPM1A in these processes was studied using the ocular alkali burn model system. In the injured cornea the absence of PPM1A led to enhanced inflammatory response, stromal keratocyte transactivation, fibrosis, increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, elevated expression of transforming growth factor-β-related genes (including Acta2, TGF-β, Col1, MMP9, and VEGF) and subsequently to neovascularization. Augmented angiogenesis in the absence of PPM1A is a general process occurring in vivo in PPM1A knockout mice upon subcutaneous Matrigel injection and ex vivo in aortic ring Matrigel cultures. Using primary keratocyte cultures and various experimental approaches, we found that phospho-p38 is a favored PPM1A substrate and that by its dephosphorylation PPM1A participates in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β signaling cascade, the hallmark of inflammation and the angiogenic process. On the whole, the studies presented here position PPM1A as a new player in the wound healing-inflammation-angiogenesis axis in mouse, reveal its crucial role in homeostasis on injury, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic mediator in pathologic conditions, such as inflammation and angiogenesis disorders, including cancer.
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18
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Mechanisms controlling the effects of bevacizumab (avastin) on the inhibition of early but not late formed corneal neovascularization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94205. [PMID: 24714670 PMCID: PMC3979754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of early and late subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab on the inhibition of corneal neovascularization (NV). Methods Corneal NV was induced by closed eye contact lens wear followed by a silk suture tarsorrhaphy in rabbits. Weekly subconjunctival injections of bevacizumab (5.0 mg) for 1 month were started immediately (early treatment group) or 1 month after induction of corneal NV with continuous induction (late treatment group). The severity of corneal NV was evaluated. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the intracorneal diffusion of bevacizumab, and the existence of pericytes and smooth muscle cells around the NV. The expression of AM-3K, an anti-macrophage antibody, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), and vascular endothelial apoptosis were also evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the expression level of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on corneal epithelium and stroma in different groups. Results Early treatment with bevacizumab inhibited corneal NV more significantly than late treatment. Intracorneal diffusion of bevacizumab was not different among different groups. Immunostaining showed pericytes and smooth muscle cells around newly formed vessels as early as 2 weeks after induction. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis showed that VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 on corneal stroma increased significantly in no treatment groups and late treatment groups, but not in early treatment group. Bevacizumab significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration in the early but not late treatment group. Sporadic vascular endothelial apoptosis was found at 4 weeks in the late but not early treatment group. Conclusions Early but not late injection of bevacizumab inhibited corneal NV. Late injection of bevacizumab did not alter macrophage infiltration, and can't inhibit the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 on corneal vessels. The inhibition of corneal NV in early treatment group does not occur via vascular endothelial apoptosis.
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19
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Bueno CA, Lombardi MG, Sales ME, Alché LE. A natural antiviral and immunomodulatory compound with antiangiogenic properties. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:235-41. [PMID: 23006904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Meliacine (MA), an antiviral principle present in partially purified leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L., reduces viral load and abolishes the inflammatory reaction and neovascularization during the development of herpetic stromal keratitis in mice. 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), obtained from MA, displays anti-herpetic and immunomodulatory activities in vitro. We investigated whether CDM interferes with the angiogenic process. CDM impeded VEGF transcription in LPS-stimulated and HSV-1-infected cells. It proved to have neither cytotoxic nor antiproliferative effect in HUVEC and to restrain HUVEC migration and formation of capillary-like tubes. Moreover, MA inhibits LMM3 tumor-induced neovascularization in vivo. We postulate that the antiangiogenic activity of CDM displayed in vitro as a consequence of their immunomodulatory properties is responsible for the antiangiogenic activity of MA in vivo, which would be associated with the lack of neovascularization in murine HSV-1-induced ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Bueno
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4°, Ciudad Universitaria, C-1428GBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Qu M, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang Y, Shi W. Role of senescent fibroblasts on alkali-induced corneal neovascularization. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:1148-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Gong Y, Koh DR. Neutrophils promote inflammatory angiogenesis via release of preformed VEGF in an in vivo corneal model. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 339:437-48. [PMID: 20012648 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of neutrophilic cells (neutrophils) in inflammatory angiogenesis and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Corneal angiogenesis was induced in vivo with a 75% silver nitrate applicator. Depletion of neutrophils was accomplished by the intraperitoneal administration of RB6-8C5, a neutrophil-depleting antibody. Angiogenesis, neutrophil infiltration, and the localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated by biomicroscopic observations, histology, and immunohistochemistry in control and RB6-8C5 treatment groups. Protein levels of VEGF, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the cornea were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An in vitro model of neutrophil activation was also used to examine the ability of neutrophils to produce and release VEGF, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-2. At day 1 after injury, neutrophil infiltration in the cornea was highest, and VEGF was expressed in the infiltrating neutrophils. The enhanced protein levels of VEGF, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-2 correlated with the degree of neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophil depletion significantly inhibited corneal angiogenesis and reduced the protein levels of VEGF, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-2 in the cornea. Upon stimulation, isolated neutrophils released VEGF from preformed stores and MIP-1alpha and MIP-2 by de novo synthesis. Neutrophil depletion thus significantly impaired inflammatory angiogenesis, identifying neutrophils as an important player in inflammatory angiogenesis. Neutrophils may exercise their angiogenic function by releasing proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Intervention measures targeting neutrophils may therefore help to deal with abnormal angiogenesis involved in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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22
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Mammon K, Savion S, Orenstein H, Fein A, Torchinsky A, Toder V. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Associated Mechanisms Affecting the Embryonic Response to Cyclophosphamide. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 62:174-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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23
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Bueno CA, Barquero AA, Di Cónsoli H, Maier MS, Alché LE. A natural tetranortriterpenoid with immunomodulating properties as a potential anti-HSV agent. Virus Res 2009; 141:47-54. [PMID: 19162100 PMCID: PMC7114431 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Meliacine (MA), an antiviral principle present in partially purified leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L., prevents the development of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) in mice by diminishing the viral load in the eye and the severity of lesions caused by a virus-induced immunopathological reaction. The tetranortriterpenoid 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), obtained from MA purification, displays anti-herpetic activity and impedes nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in HSV-1 infected conjunctival cells. To extend our understanding about CDM biological properties, we investigated its anti-HSV-1 activity as well as the effect on NF-kappaB activation and cytokine secretion induced by viral (HSV-1) and no-viral (LPS) stimuli, in corneal cells and macrophages. CDM exerted a potent anti-HSV-1 effect on corneal cells and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, leading to a decrease in IL-6 production. Besides, CDM seemed to modulate IL-6 and TNF-alpha responses in macrophages, whether they were infected with HSV-1 or stimulated with LPS. However, CDM did not affect NF-kappaB activation in these cells, suggesting that an alternative NF-kappaB cell signaling pathway would be involved in the modulation of cytokine production. We conclude that, in addition to its antiviral effect, CDM would be acting as an immunomodulating compound which would be responsible for the improvement of murine HSK already reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Bueno
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Abstract
During wound healing, corneal tissue has to restore its transparency for proper vision. Various cytokines and growth factors are believed to orchestrate cellular behavior in a healing cornea. This review summarizes the roles of 1 such factor, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in the process of wound healing in the cornea. Many studies have shown the anti-transforming growth factor-beta activity of TNF-alpha in cultured cell types. However, it remains unknown whether endogenous TNF-alpha has such an effect in the in vivo healing cornea. Recently, experiments that used TNF-alpha-deficient mice clearly showed that loss of TNF-alpha results in excess inflammation and fibrogenic reaction in response to external stimuli in lung and joint tissue. In the cornea, my group's experiments reveal that the lack of TNF-alpha potentiates pathogenic excess inflammation, fibrogenic response, and neovascularization in an alkali-burned mouse cornea. We uncovered the principal role of the lack of TNF-alpha in invaded macrophages, but not in corneal cells, in the development of this phenomenon by using Smad7 gene transfer, bone marrow transplantation, and cell culture experiments. These findings provide additional information for understanding the role of the cytokine network in corneal wound healing. Further studies are needed to determine if anti-TNF-alpha strategies might be effective in the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory or allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
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