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Zhang M, Zhang X. T cells in ocular autoimmune uveitis: Pathways and therapeutic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109565. [PMID: 36535124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a non-infectious intraocular condition that affects the uveal tract of the eye and threatens vision if not treated properly. Increasing evidence suggests that activated CD4+ T cells are associated with progressive and permanent destruction of photoreceptors in ocular autoimmune diseases. As such, the purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the role of CD4+ T cells in autoimmune uveitis as well as a justification for the current development and assessment of innovative autoimmune uveitis medications targeting CD4+ T cells. With an emphasis on T helper (Th)17, Th1, and Th2 cells, follicular helper CD4+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, this review presents a summary of recent research related to the pathways and signaling that encourage CD4+ T cells to develop into specialized effector cells. We also describe immunotherapeutic approaches based on CD4+ T cell subsets and their potential as therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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2
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DeMaio A, Mehrotra S, Sambamurti K, Husain S. The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:251. [PMID: 36209107 PMCID: PMC9548183 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues. The central nervous system is immune-privileged and largely protected from the circulating inflammatory pathways. However, T cell involvement and the disruption of the blood-brain barriers have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) dampen the inflammatory response of effector T cells. In the pathological states of many neurodegenerative disorders, the ability of Treg cells to mitigate inflammation is reduced, and a pro-inflammatory environment persists. This perspective review provides current knowledge on the roles of T cell subsets (e.g., effector T cells, Treg cells) in neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Many neurodegenerative and ocular diseases have been linked to immune dysregulation, but the cellular events and molecular mechanisms involved in such processes remain largely unknown. Moreover, the role of T cells in ocular pathologies remains poorly defined and limited literature is available in this area of research. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells appears to be a vital immunological approach to control ocular pathologies. Similarities in T cell dysfunction seen among non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases suggest that this area of research has a great potential to develop better therapeutic agents for ocular diseases and warrants further studies. Overall, this perspective review article provides significant information on the roles of T cells in numerous ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa DeMaio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA.
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Yue C, Gao S, Li S, Xing Z, Qian H, Hu Y, Wang W, Hua C. TIGIT as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911919. [PMID: 35720417 PMCID: PMC9203892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory receptors (IRs) are molecules that protect host against autoimmune reactions and maintain peripheral self-tolerance, playing an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In view of the substantial clinical progresses of negative immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment, the role of IRs in autoimmune diseases is also obvious. Several advances highlighted the substantial impacts of T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a novel IR, in autoimmunity. Blockade of TIGIT pathway exacerbates multiple autoimmune diseases, whereas enhancement of TIGIT function has been shown to alleviate autoimmune settings in mice. These data suggested that TIGIT pathway can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance to treat autoimmune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of characteristics of TIGIT and its role in autoimmunity. We then discuss recent approaches and future directions to leverage our knowledge of TIGIT as therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouhang Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hengrong Qian
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Costa PA, Espejo-Freire AP, Fan KC, Albini TA, Pongas G. Panuveitis induced by brentuximab vedotin: a possible novel adverse event of an antibody-drug conjugate. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:239-242. [PMID: 34514943 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1978090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippos Apolinario Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Patricia Espejo-Freire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Chen Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Arno Albini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Georgios Pongas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Jiang G, Yun J, Kaplan HJ, Zhao Y, Sun D, Shao H. Vaccination with circulating exosomes in autoimmune uveitis prevents recurrent intraocular inflammation. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:1069-1077. [PMID: 34455666 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes participate in intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including autoimmune development. The role of circulating exosomes in the development of autoimmune uveitis is unknown. In this study, using the rat model of experimental autoimmune uveitis, which has clinical and histological features of pan uveitis in man, we evaluated the immunoregulatory function of circulating exosomes. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis was induced in Lewis rats either immunised with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein R16 peptides or injected with activated R16-specific T cells. The disease incidence and severity were examined by indirect fundoscopy and flow cytometry. Circulating exosomes were isolated from peripheral blood of naïve and Day 14 R16 immunised Lewis rats. The effect of exosomes on specific T cells was evaluated by R16-specific T cell proliferation, cytokine production and recurrent uveitis induction. RESULTS Circulating exosomes derived from active immunised uveitis rats selectively inhibited immune responses of R16-specific T cells in vitro. Vaccination of naïve rats with these exosomes reduced the incidence of recurrent uveitis in an antigen-specific manner. Antigen-specific uveitogenic T cells reduced IFN-γ production and increased IL-10 after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Circulating exosomes in autoimmune uveitis have the potential to be a novel treatment for recurrent autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Juan Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, Texas, USA
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department. Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine/UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Huang Z, Li W, Su W. Tregs in Autoimmune Uveitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:205-227. [PMID: 33523450 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is a chronic disease with relapsing and remitting ocular attack, which requires corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppression to prevent severe vision loss. Classically, uveitis is referred to an autoimmune disease, mediated by pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs). More and more evidence indicates that Tregs are involved in development, resolution, and remission of uveitis. Clinically, many researchers have conducted quantitative and functional analyses of peripheral blood from patients with different subtypes of uveitis, in an attempt to find the changing rules of Tregs. Consistently, using the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model, researchers have explored the development and resolution mechanism of uveitis in many aspects. In addition, many drug and Tregs therapy investigations have yielded encouraging results. In this chapter, we introduced the current understanding of Tregs, summarized the clinical changes in the number and function of patients with uveitis and the immune mechanism of Tregs involved in EAU model, as well as discussed the progress and shortcomings of Tregs-related drug therapy and Tregs therapy. Although the exact mechanism of Tregs-mediated uveitis protection remains to be elucidated, the strategy of Tregs regulation may provide a specific and meaningful way for the prevention and treatment of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Berlinberg EJ, Gonzales JA, Doan T, Acharya NR. Association Between Noninfectious Uveitis and Psychological Stress. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:199-205. [PMID: 30520957 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Uveitis involves dysregulation of the ocular immune system. Stress has been shown to affect immune function, but it is unclear whether there is an association between stress and uveitis. Objective To determine whether having uveitis is associated with psychological stress. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional, case-control study including a self-administered survey, medical records review, and diurnal salivary cortisol test was conducted at a university-based uveitis clinic and comprehensive eye clinic. Participants included 146 consecutive adults with noninfectious uveitis and age-matched controls with no eye disease. The study was conducted from December 1, 2017, to March 14, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants completed the self-administered, Cohen 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), a demographics questionnaire. Responses to each question were categorized on a 5-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 (no stress) to 40 (high stress). In addition, participants submitted 3 salivary cortisol samples. Those with uveitis were classified as having recently active or controlled disease through medical records review. The prespecified primary analysis was a linear regression of PSS-10 score and uveitis correcting for age, sex, educational level, employment, and median income. Secondary analyses included comparing PSS-10 scores in patients with recently active and controlled uveitis, determining predictors of stress, and comparing diurnal salivary cortisol between uveitis and control groups. Results Of 146 eligible patients, 17 declined participation and 9 consented but were excluded because they did not complete both questionnaires, resulting in 120 patients (80 uveitis; 40 controls) in the final analysis. Eighty participants (66.7%) were women, and 70 (58.3%) were white. Median age was 40 years (interquartile range, 29-59 years). Having uveitis was associated with a 4.3-point increase in PSS-10 score (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.9; P = .002). There was no significant difference in PSS-10 scores between patients with recently active and controlled uveitis (1.0 point greater for patients with active uveitis; 95% CI, -2.0 to 3.9; P = .52). Factors associated with increased PSS-10 score in patients with uveitis included female sex (coefficient, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.5; P = .002), current immunomodulatory therapy (coefficient, 2.5; 95% CI, -0.3 to 5.2; P = .08), history of depression (coefficient, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.8 to 6.8; P = .02), and having posterior or panuveitis (coefficient, 2.6; 95% CI, 0.8 to 4.4; P = .006). Of the 70 participants (58.3%) who had testable samples for cortisol analysis, diurnal salivary cortisol levels did not significantly differ between uveitis and nonuveitis groups. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that patients with uveitis have higher levels of psychological stress compared with controls, yet no significant difference was identified in the stress of patients with active vs controlled uveitis. Consequently, comprehensive treatment for noninfectious uveitis may be able to address the psychological results of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Gonzales
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
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8
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Gilbert R, Peto T, Lengyel I, Emri E. Zinc Nutrition and Inflammation in the Aging Retina. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801049. [PMID: 31148351 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health. It plays key roles in maintaining protein structure and stability, serves as catalytic factor for many enzymes, and regulates diverse fundamental cellular processes. Zinc is important in affecting signal transduction and, in particular, in the development and integrity of the immune system, where it affects both innate and adaptive immune responses. The eye, especially the retina-choroid complex, has an unusually high concentration of zinc compared to other tissues. The highest amount of zinc is concentrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (RPE-choroid, 292 ± 98.5 µg g-1 dry tissue), followed by the retina (123 ± 62.2 µg g-1 dry tissue). The interplay between zinc and inflammation has been explored in other parts of the body but, so far, has not been extensively researched in the eye. Several lines of evidence suggest that ocular zinc concentration decreases with age, especially in the context of age-related disease. Thus, a hypothesis that retinal function could be modulated by zinc nutrition is proposed, and subsequently trialled clinically. In this review, the distribution and the potential role of zinc in the retina-choroid complex is outlined, especially in relation to inflammation and immunity, and the clinical studies to date are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Gilbert
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 2EL, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
| | - Imre Lengyel
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 2EL, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
| | - Eszter Emri
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
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9
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Pepple KL, Wilson L, Van Gelder RN. Comparison of Aqueous and Vitreous Lymphocyte Populations From Two Rat Models of Experimental Uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2504-2511. [PMID: 29847657 PMCID: PMC5963002 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare lymphocyte populations present within inflamed eyes in two rat models of autoimmune uveitis. Methods Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) were initiated in Lewis rats. Aqueous and vitreous were collected at peak inflammation (PMU at day 2, EAU at day 14). The number of cells in the aqueous and vitreous was determined and compared for each eye and between the two models. Intraocular CD-19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, and CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subpopulations were identified by flow cytometry and compared between EAU and PMU. Results The median number of cells/mL collected from PMU aqueous (7.98 × 107 cells/mL), was not significantly different from the number of cells collected from EAU aqueous (1.61 × 107 cells/mL, P = 0.94). EAU aqueous contains a significantly larger mononuclear population (median 61%, interquartile range [IQR] 44%–67%) than PMU (median 9%, IQR 8%–10% [P < 0.0001]). Within the mononuclear population, EAU and PMU aqueous demonstrate similar proportions of CD3+, CD4+ T cells. However, EAU has a larger CD3+, CD8+, T-cell population than PMU, and this population also demonstrates co-expression of CD45R. B cells comprise a significantly larger median percentage of cells in EAU aqueous (median 18%, IQR 15%–20%) compared to PMU (median 13%, IQR 9%–15%, P = 0.006). Conclusions Flow cytometry analysis of intraocular lymphocytes from EAU and PMU identifies similarities and differences between the T-cell and B-cell populations present at peak inflammation. Complementary animal models that have well-defined mechanistic differences will improve our ability to test potential new therapies and bring meaningful advances into clinical practice for patients with uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pepple
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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10
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Yun J, Xiao T, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Li J, Zhao Y, Hadayer A, Zhang X, Sun D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1332-1342. [PMID: 29625456 PMCID: PMC5846334 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods Recurrent EAU was induced in Lewis rats by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16-peptide specific T cells (tEAU). Aqueous humor and serum samples were kinetically collected and DAMPs examined by quantitative proteomics, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. tEAU rats were treated with S100 inhibitor paquinimod followed by disease evaluation. The functions of T effector cells and T regulatory cells (Tregs) were compared between treated and nontreated groups. The expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells was examined by flow cytometry. Results S100A8, but not high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in the eye was found to be correlated with intraocular inflammatory episodes. Administration of paquinimod significantly protected tEAU rats from recurrence. Treated tEAU rats had fewer R16-specific Th1 and Th17 cells, but increased numbers of Tregs. R16-specific T cells from treated tEAU rats into naïve recipients prevented induction of tEAU by R16-specific T cells from nontreated tEAU rats. Moreover, APCs from treated tEAU rats expressed higher levels of a negative costimulatory molecule, CD200R, and lower levels of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules compared to APCs from nontreated tEAU rats. An opposite pattern of expression of these molecules was observed on APCs incubated in vitro with recombinant S100A8. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a link between local expression of DAMPs and autoimmune responses, and suggest that complete S100A8/A9 blockade may be a new therapeutic target in recurrent autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Amir Hadayer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Uveitis & Ocular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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11
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Diedrichs-Möhring M, Kaufmann U, Wildner G. The immunopathogenesis of chronic and relapsing autoimmune uveitis – Lessons from experimental rat models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 65:107-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1679197. [PMID: 29888291 PMCID: PMC5985108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1679197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain cellular components of the eye, such as neural retina, are unable to regenerate and replicate after destructive inflammation. Ocular immune privilege provides the eye with immune protection against intraocular inflammation in order to minimize the risk to vision integrity. The eye and immune system use strategies to maintain the ocular immune privilege by regulating the innate and adaptive immune response, which includes immunological ignorance, peripheral tolerance to eye-derived antigens, and intraocular immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism responsible for the development and maintenance of ocular immune privilege via regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are generated by the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID), and ocular resident cells including corneal endothelial (CE) cells, ocular pigment epithelial (PE) cells, and aqueous humor. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of Tregs generated by RPE cells that express transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-2 alpha (CTLA-2α), and retinoic acid for autoimmune uveoretinitis and evaluated a new strategy using human RPE-induced Tregs for clinical application in inflammatory ocular disease. We believe that a better understanding of the ocular immune privilege associated with Tregs might offer a new approach with regard to therapeutic interventions for ocular autoimmunity.
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13
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Gilbert RM, Zhang X, Sampson RD, Ehrenstein MR, Nguyen DX, Chaudhry M, Mein C, Mahmud N, Galatowicz G, Tomkins-Netzer O, Calder VL, Lightman S. Clinical Remission of Sight-Threatening Non-Infectious Uveitis Is Characterized by an Upregulation of Peripheral T-Regulatory Cell Polarized Towards T-bet and TIGIT. Front Immunol 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 29774027 PMCID: PMC5943505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-infectious uveitis can cause chronic relapsing and remitting ocular inflammation, which may require high dose systemic immunosuppression to prevent severe sight loss. It has been classically described as an autoimmune disease, mediated by pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 T-cell subsets. Studies suggest that natural immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are involved in resolution of inflammation and may be involved in the maintenance of clinical remission. Objective To investigate whether there is a peripheral blood immunoregulatory phenotype associated with clinical remission of sight-threatening non-infectious uveitis by comparing peripheral blood levels of Treg, Th1, and Th17, and associated DNA methylation and cytokine levels in patients with active uveitic disease, control subjects and patients (with previously active disease) in clinical remission induced by immunosuppressive drugs. Methods Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from peripheral blood samples from prospectively recruited subjects were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD3, CD4, FoxP3, TIGIT, T-bet, and related orphan receptor γt. Epigenetic DNA methylation levels of FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), FOXP3 promoter, TBX21, RORC2, and TIGIT loci were determined in cryopreserved PBMC using a next-generation sequencing approach. Related cytokines were measured in blood sera. Functional suppressive capacity of Treg was assessed using T-cell proliferation assays. Results Fifty patients with uveitis (intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis) and 10 control subjects were recruited. The frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg, TIGIT+ Treg, and T-bet+ Treg and the ratio of Treg to Th1 were significantly higher in remission patients compared with patients with active uveitic disease; and TIGIT+ Tregs were a significant predictor of clinical remission. Treg from patients in clinical remission demonstrated a high level of in vitro suppressive function compared with Treg from control subjects and from patients with untreated active disease. PBMC from patients in clinical remission had significantly lower methylation levels at the FOXP3 TSDR, FOXP3 promoter, and TIGIT loci and higher levels at RORC loci than those with active disease. Clinical remission was also associated with significantly higher serum levels of transforming growth factor β and IL-10, which positively correlated with Treg levels, and lower serum levels of IFNγ, IL-17A, and IL-22 compared with patients with active disease. Conclusion Clinical remission of sight-threatening non-infectious uveitis has an immunoregulatory phenotype characterized by upregulation of peripheral Treg, polarized toward T-bet and TIGIT. These findings may assist with individualized therapy of uveitis, by informing whether drug therapy has induced phenotypically stable Treg associated with long-term clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Gilbert
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Sampson
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Ehrenstein
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Dao X Nguyen
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahid Chaudhry
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Mein
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadiya Mahmud
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grazyna Galatowicz
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Oren Tomkins-Netzer
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia L Calder
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lightman
- Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Guo DD, Hu B, Tang HY, Sun YY, Liu B, Tian QM, Bi HS. Proteomic Profiling Analysis Reveals a Link between Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Complement Activation in Rats. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:331-342. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong; Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - B. Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - H. Y. Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - Y. Y. Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - B. Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - Q. M. Tian
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
| | - H. S. Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong; Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan China
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15
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Minhas G, Sharma J, Khan N. Cellular Stress Response and Immune Signaling in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2016; 7:444. [PMID: 27822213 PMCID: PMC5075763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a well-known pathological hallmark associated with diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other related retinopathies that ultimately can lead to visual impairment and vision loss. Retinal ischemia pathogenesis involves a cascade of detrimental events that include energy failure, excitotoxic damage, calcium imbalance, oxidative stress, and eventually cell death. Retina for a long time has been known to be an immune privileged site; however, recent investigations reveal that retina, as well as the central nervous system, elicits immunological responses during various stress cues. Stress condition, such as reperfusion of blood supply post-ischemia results in the sequestration of different immune cells, inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, etc., to the ischemic region, which in turn facilitates induction of inflammatory conditions in these tissues. The immunological activation during injury or stress per se is beneficial for repair and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, but whether the associated inflammation is good or bad, during ischemia–reperfusion injury, hitherto remains to be explored. Keeping all these notions in mind, the current review tries to address the immune response and host stress response mechanisms involved in ischemia–reperfusion injury with the focus on the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillipsie Minhas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana, India
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Curto E, Messenger KM, Salmon JH, Gilger BC. Cytokine and chemokine profiles of aqueous humor and serum in horses with uveitis measured using multiplex bead immunoassay analysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:43-51. [PMID: 27863549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether horses with clinically diagnosed Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) and those with Leptospirosis infection have a specific cytokine profile in their aqueous humor (AH) and serum that differs from horses with uveitis secondary to other ocular inflammatory processes and from horses with normal eyes. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty-five client-owned horses with uveitis that were presented to the North Carolina State University Ophthalmology Service, and four University-owned horses without history or clinical signs of ocular disease. PROCEDURE Samples of AH and serum were obtained from horses with ERU (n=13), acute or non-recurrent uveitis (UV; n=7), uveitis secondary to infectious keratitis (IK; n=5), and normal eyes (N; n=4). Cytokine levels in AH and serum were quantified using a multiplex bead immunoassay. Leptospiral antibody titers in serum and AH and PCR for Leptospiral DNA in AH were performed. RESULTS In the AH of horses with ERU, increased levels of IL-1a, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, FGF-2, G-CSF, and RANTES were measured compared to UV, IK and N eyes, but the differences were not significant. However, IL-10 was significantly higher in ERU eyes compared to IK and N (P=0.029; 0.013), and IP-10 in ERU eyes was significantly higher than in UV and N (P=0.004). Furthermore, MCP-1 was significantly higher in ERU than N (P=0.04). In the serum, increased levels of IL-1a, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, fractalkine, and G-CSF were measured in horses with ERU, but the levels were not significantly higher than those observed in UV, IK, or N horses. However, serum IP-10 levels in horses with ERU were significantly higher than in UV and N horses (P=0.005) and MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in ERU than N (P=0.03). Horses with marked ocular inflammation had significantly higher serum levels of G-CSF, IL-1a, fractalkine, IL-13, IL-4, IL-17a, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and MCP-1. Elevated IL-10 in AH was significantly associated with disease chronicity, both overall and in ERU eyes (P=0.049), and in horses with positive ocular leptospiral titers or leptospiral PCR, significant elevations of IL-10 (P=0.0018; 0.0032) and IP-10 (P=0.0342; 0.043) were detected in the AH compared to leptospiral negative eyes. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10 appear to play an important role in ERU. Further studies are needed to further clarify and characterize cytokine profiles of specific ocular inflammatory diseases, but multiplex bead immunoassay technology shows promise as a diagnostically valuable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Curto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Kristen M Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jacklyn H Salmon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Brian C Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Yuan LF, Li GD, Ren XJ, Nian H, Li XR, Zhang XM. Rapamycin ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by inhibiting Th1/Th2/Th17 cells and upregulating CD4+CD25+ Foxp3 regulatory T cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:659-64. [PMID: 26309858 PMCID: PMC4539633 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of rapamycin on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and investigate of role of rapamycin on T cell subsets in the disease. METHODS EAU was induced in rats using peptides 1169 to 1191 of the interphotoreceptor binding protein (IRBP). Rapamycin (0.2 mg/kg/d) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for a consecutive 7d after immunization. Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, TGF-β1, and IL-6 produced by lymphocyteswere measured by ELISA, while Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) from rat spleen were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Intraperitoneal treatment immediately after immunization dramatically ameliorated the clinical course of EAU. Clinical responses were associated with reduced retinal inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction. Rapamycin induced suppression of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 release from T lymphocytes of EAU rats, in vitro. Rapamycin also significantly increased TGF-β1 production but had no effect on IL-6 productionof T lymphocytes from EAU rats in vitro. Furthermore, rapamycin decreased the ratio of Th17 cells/CD4+T cells and upregulated Tregs in EAU, as detected by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Rapamycin effectively interferes with T cell mediated autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting antigen-specific T cell functions and enhancing Tregs in EAU. Rapamycin is a promising new alternative as an adjunct corticosteroid-sparing agent for treating uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Yuan
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
- Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guang-Da Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Jun Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
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18
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Zhang L, Zheng H, Shao H, Nian H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Su C, Liu X, Dong L, Li X, Zhang X. Long-term therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells compared to dexamethasone on recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis of rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5561-71. [PMID: 25125599 PMCID: PMC4580152 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the long-term effects of different regimens of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration in a recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (rEAU) model in rats, and compared the efficacy of MSC to that of dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS One or two courses of MSC treatments were applied to R16-specific T cell-induced rEAU rats before or after disease onsets. The DEX injections were given for 7 or 50 days continuously after disease onsets. Clinical appearances were observed until the 50th day after transfer. On the 10th day, T cells from control and MSC groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. Supernatants from the proliferation assay and aqueous humor were collected for cytokine detection. Functions of T cells and APCs in spleens also were studied by lymphocyte proliferation assays. RESULTS One course of MSC therapy, administered after disease onset, led to a lasting therapeutic effect, with a decreased incidence, reduced mean clinical score, and reduced retinal impairment after 50 days of observation, while multiple courses of treatment did not improve the therapeutic benefit. Although DEX and MSCs equally reduced the severity of the first episode of rEAU, the effect of DEX was shorter lasting, and DEX therapy failed to control the disease even with long periods of treatment. The MSCs significantly decreased T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses, suppressed the function of antigen-presenting cells, and upregulated T regulatory cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that MSCs might be new corticosteroid spring agents, while providing fewer side effects and longer lasting suppressive effects for recurrent uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
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19
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Jia X, Li J, Shi D, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Ju H, Yang J, Sun J, Li X, Ren H. Grouping annotations on the subcellular layered interactome demonstrates enhanced autophagy activity in a recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis T cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104404. [PMID: 25116327 PMCID: PMC4130584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human uveitis is a type of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that often shows relapse-remitting courses affecting multiple biological processes. As a cytoplasmic process, autophagy has been seen as an adaptive response to cell death and survival, yet the link between autophagy and T cell-mediated autoimmunity is not certain. In this study, based on the differentially expressed genes (GSE19652) between the recurrent versus monophasic T cell lines, whose adoptive transfer to susceptible animals may result in respective recurrent or monophasic uveitis, we proposed grouping annotations on a subcellular layered interactome framework to analyze the specific bioprocesses that are linked to the recurrence of T cell autoimmunity. That is, the subcellular layered interactome was established by the Cytoscape and Cerebral plugin based on differential expression, global interactome, and subcellular localization information. Then, the layered interactomes were grouping annotated by the ClueGO plugin based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. The analysis showed that significant bioprocesses with autophagy were orchestrated in the cytoplasmic layered interactome and that mTOR may have a regulatory role in it. Furthermore, by setting up recurrent and monophasic uveitis in Lewis rats, we confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that, in comparison to the monophasic disease, recurrent uveitis in vivo showed significantly increased autophagy activity and extended lymphocyte infiltration to the affected retina. In summary, our framework methodology is a useful tool to disclose specific bioprocesses and molecular targets that can be attributed to a certain disease. Our results indicated that targeted inhibition of autophagy pathways may perturb the recurrence of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Jia
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dejing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yucui Dong
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Huanyu Ju
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- The Blood Center of Hei Long Jiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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20
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Li G, Yuan L, Ren X, Nian H, Zhang L, Han ZC, Li X, Zhang X. The effect of mesenchymal stem cells on dynamic changes of T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:28-37. [PMID: 23607419 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored extensively as a promising treatment for autoimmune diseases. We have recently reported that MSCs could ameliorate experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. In this study, we examined further the effects of MSCs on the dynamics of T cell subsets in both eye and spleen and their cytokine production during the course of EAU. We focused on when and where the MSCs had inhibitory effects on T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells and how long the inhibitory effect lasted, in order to provide more mechanistic evidence for MSCs on the treatment of uveitis. Compared to the control group, administration of MSCs decreased the production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines significantly, while the production of Th2 and regulatory T cell (T(reg)) cytokines [interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] was elevated during the entire course of EAU. Correspondingly, the dynamic levels of IL-17 in the aqueous humour (AqH) were reduced in MSC-treated rats. Moreover, the ratio of Th17/T(reg) cells in both spleen and eye was decreased. These results provide powerful evidence that MSCs can regulate negatively both Th1 and Th17 responses and restore the balance of Th17/T(regs) in the whole course of EAU, which is important for the regression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital and Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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21
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Giuliari GP, Sadaka A, Hinkle DM. Biologic agents in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:145-56. [PMID: 23494482 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental uveitis models were developed in an effort to elucidate the pathogenesis of human uveitis. The therapeutic effects of numerous anti-inflammatory agents including corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents including biologic response modifiers have been investigated in both experimental and human uveitis. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha and anti-interleukins, among others, demonstrate efficacy and are employed in the treatment of uveitis refractory to conventional immunomodulatory agents.
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Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Owlia P, Hassan ZM, Faghihzadeh S. Roles of IL-10 in ocular inflammations: a review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:406-18. [PMID: 23163602 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.723109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review represents the current in vitro, in vivo, animal and human investigations on the roles of IL-10 in ocular inflammatory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data sources were literature reviews, including Pub Med, Medline, and ISI databases (since 1989 to mid-2012). Search items were, IL-10, chemokines, cytokines, alone or in combination with, serum, aqueous, vitreous eye, ocular, ocular tissues, ophthalmic, and review. RESULTS Ocular effects of IL-10 depend on the sources of the secretion and sites of the action. IL-10 plays important anti-inflammatory and especially anti-angiogenic activities in ocular tissues such as the conjunctiva, cornea, retina, choroid, and orbit. CONCLUSION IL-10 plays major anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic roles in most of the ocular inflammations. Also, IL-10 plays a role in development of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Any manipulation of IL-10 for treatment purposes should be considered very cautiously due to its potential hazards to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghasemi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Dynamics of intraocular IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-10-producing cell populations during relapsing and monophasic rat experimental autoimmune uveitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49008. [PMID: 23155443 PMCID: PMC3498374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of most animal models of autoimmune diseases is that they do not reproduce the chronic or relapsing-remitting pattern characteristic of many human autoimmune diseases. This problem has been overcome in our rat models of experimentally induced monophasic or relapsing-remitting autoimmune uveitis (EAU), which depend on the inducing antigen peptides from retinal S-Antigen (monophasic EAU) or interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (relapsing EAU). These models enable us to compare autoreactive and regulatory T cell populations. Intraocular, but not peripheral T cells differ in their cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-10) at distinct time points during monophasic or relapsing EAU. Only intraocular T cells concomitantly produced IFN-γ, IL-17 and/or IL-10. Monophasic EAU presented rising numbers of cells expressing IFN-γ and IL-17 (Th1/Th17) and cells expressing IL-10 or Foxp3. During relapsing uveitis an increase of intraocular IFN-γ+ cells and a concomitant decrease of IL-17+ cells was detected, while IL-10+ populations remained stable. Foxp3+ cells and cells expressing IL-10, even in combination with IFN-γ or IL-17, increased during the resolution of monophasic EAU, suggesting a regulatory role for these T cells. In general, cells producing multiple cytokines increased in monophasic and decreased in relapsing EAU. The distinct appearance of certain intraocular populations with characteristics of regulatory cells points to a differential influence of the ocular environment on T cells that induce acute and monophasic or relapsing disease. Here we provide evidence that different autoantigens can elicit distinct and differently regulated immune responses. IFN-γ, but not IL-17 seems to be the key player in relapsing-remitting uveitis, as shown by increased, synchronized relapses after intraocular application of IFN-γ. We demonstrated dynamic changes of the cytokine pattern during monophasic and relapsing-remitting disease with strongly increasing IL-10 expression in intraocular T cells during monophasic uveitis.
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Understanding uveitis: The impact of research on visual outcomes. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 30:452-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Autoimmune and inflammatory uveitis are a group of potentially blinding intraocular inflammatory diseases that arise without a known infectious trigger and are often associated with immunological responses to unique retinal proteins. In the United States, about 10% of the cases of severe visual handicap are attributed to this group of disorders. As I discuss here, experimental models of ocular autoimmunity targeting retinal proteins have brought about a better understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis and are serving as templates for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:482-8. [PMID: 19690478 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283312f84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sugita S, Horie S, Nakamura O, Maruyama K, Takase H, Usui Y, Takeuchi M, Ishidoh K, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Peters C, Yamamoto Y, Mochizuki M. Acquisition of T regulatory function in cathepsin L-inhibited T cells by eye-derived CTLA-2alpha during inflammatory conditions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5013-22. [PMID: 19801522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium isolated from the eye possesses immunosuppressive properties such as regulatory T (Treg) cell induction; e.g., cultured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) converts CD4(+) T cells into Treg cells in vitro. RPE constitutively expresses a novel immunosuppressive factor, CTLA-2alpha, which is a cathepsin L (CathL) inhibitor, and this molecule acts via RPE to induce Treg cells. To clarify CTLA-2alpha's role in the T cell response to RPE in ocular inflammation, we used the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) animal model to examine this new immunosuppressive property of RPE. In EAU models, TGF-beta, but not IFN-gamma inflammatory cytokines, promotes the up-regulation of the expression of CTLA-2alpha in RPE. Similarly, CTLA-2alpha via RPE was able to promote TGF-beta production by the CD4(+) T cells. The RPE-exposed T cells (RPE-induced Treg cells) greatly produced TGF-beta and suppressed bystander effector T cells. There was less expression of CathL by the RPE-exposed T cells, and CathL-inhibited T cells were able to acquire the Treg phenotype. Moreover, CathL-deficient mice spontaneously produced Treg cells, with the increase in T cells potentially providing protection against ocular inflammation. More importantly, CD4(+) T cells from EAU in CathL knockout mice or rCTLA-2alpha from EAU animals were found to contain a high population of forkhead box p3(+) T cells. In both EAU models, there was significant suppression of the ocular inflammation. These results indicate that RPE secretes CTLA-2alpha, thereby enabling the bystander T cells to be converted into Treg cells via TGF-beta promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Garweg JG, Candolfi E. Immunopathology in ocular toxoplasmosis: facts and clues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:211-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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