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Kumar R, Tripathi R, Sinha NR, Mohan RR. RNA-Seq Analysis Unraveling Novel Genes and Pathways Influencing Corneal Wound Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:13. [PMID: 39240550 PMCID: PMC11383191 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transdifferentiation of corneal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in the stroma is a central mechanistic event in corneal wound healing. This study sought to characterize genes and pathways influencing transdifferentiation of human corneal fibroblasts (hCSFs) to human corneal myofibroblasts (hCMFs) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to develop comprehensive mechanistic information and identify newer targets for corneal fibrosis management. Methods Primary hCSFs were derived from donor human corneas. hCMFs were generated by treating primary hCSFs with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1; 5 ng/mL) for 72 hours under serum-free conditions. RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Plus Mini Kit and subjected to RNA-seq analysis after quality control testing. Differential gene expression, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein network analyses were performed using DESeq2, GSEA/PANTHER/Reactome, and Cytoscape/cytoHubba, respectively. Results RNA-seq analysis of hCMFs and hCSFs identified 3843 differentially expressed genes and transcripts (adjusted P < 0.05). The log(fold change) ≥ ±1.5 filter showed 816 upregulated and 739 downregulated genes between two cell types. Pathway enrichment analysis showed the highest normalized enrichment score for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (5.569), followed by mTORC1 signaling (2.949), angiogenesis (2.176), and TGFβ signaling (2.008). Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified the top 20 nodes influencing corneal myofibroblast development. The expression of a novel MXRA5 in corneal stroma and its association with corneal fibrosis was verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunofluorescence. RNA-seq and gene count files were submitted to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE260476). Conclusions This study identified several novel genes involved in myofibroblast development, offering potential targets for developing newer therapeutic strategies for corneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Baek W, Park S, Lee Y, Roh H, Yun CO, Roh TS, Lee WJ. Ethyl Pyruvate Decreases Collagen Synthesis and Upregulates MMP Activity in Keloid Fibroblasts and Keloid Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5844. [PMID: 38892032 PMCID: PMC11172307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids, marked by abnormal cellular proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, pose significant therapeutic challenges. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an inhibitor of the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and TGF-β1 pathways, has emerged as a potential anti-fibrotic agent. Our research evaluated EP's effects on keloid fibroblast (KF) proliferation and ECM production, employing both in vitro cell cultures and ex vivo patient-derived keloid spheroids. We also analyzed the expression levels of ECM components in keloid tissue spheroids treated with EP through immunohistochemistry. Findings revealed that EP treatment impedes the nuclear translocation of HMGB1 and diminishes KF proliferation. Additionally, EP significantly lowered mRNA and protein levels of collagen I and III by attenuating TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 complex expression in both human dermal fibroblasts and KFs. Moreover, metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) and MMP-3 mRNA levels saw a notable increase following EP administration. In keloid spheroids, EP induced a dose-dependent reduction in ECM component expression. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses confirmed significant declines in collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, elastin, TGF-β, AKT, and ERK 1/2 expression levels. These outcomes underscore EP's antifibrotic potential, suggesting its viability as a therapeutic approach for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyeol Baek
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyuk Park
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Lee
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Roh
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Suk Roh
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chauhan BK, Medsinge A, Scanga HL, Chu CT, Nischal KK. Transcriptome from opaque cornea of Fanconi anemia patient uncovers fibrosis and two connected players. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 26:100712. [PMID: 33552906 PMCID: PMC7846932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital corneal opacities (CCO) are a group of blinding corneal disorders, where the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Phenotyping through specialized imaging and histopathology analysis, together with assessment of key transcriptomic changes (including glycosaminoglycan metabolic enzymes) in cornea(s) with CCO from a case of Fanconi anemia is the approach taken in this study to identify causal mechanisms. Based on our findings, we propose a novel mechanism and two key players contributing to CCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharesh K Chauhan
- UPMC Eye Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anagha Medsinge
- UPMC Eye Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Hannah L Scanga
- UPMC Eye Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ken K Nischal
- UPMC Eye Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Capone G, Svedman S, Juthberg R, Edman G, Ackermann PW. Higher pyruvate levels after Achilles tendon rupture surgery could be used as a prognostic biomarker of an improved patient outcome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:300-309. [PMID: 32377796 PMCID: PMC7862190 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the metabolites lactate and pyruvate in the healing tendon after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) and patient-reported outcome at 6 and 12 months. A secondary aim was to evaluate which underlying factors regulate lactate and pyruvate concentrations. METHODS Lactate and pyruvate concentrations were measured two weeks post-operatively in both the healing- and healthy Achilles tendon in 109 patients (90 men, 19 women; mean age 40 ± 7.9 years). Patient demographics, degree of physical activity, timing of surgery, operation time, patient-reported loading and step counts were investigated in relation to metabolite concentrations. At 6 and 12 months, the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) questionnaire was used to assess patient outcome. RESULTS The mean number of steps taken during the post-operative days 1-10 was the only factor significantly related to the mean concentration of lactate (R2 = 0.34, p = 0.038), and pyruvate (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.006). Pyruvate was demonstrated as the only factor significantly associated with ATRS at both 6 months (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.003) and at 12 months (R2 = 0.37, p = 0.004) using multiple linear regression. CONCLUSION The mean concentration of pyruvate during early ATR healing may predict patient outcome at 6 and 12 months post-operatively and possibly be used as a biomarker of healing. Early mobilization with an increased number of steps taken is an important clinical strategy to improve the metabolite concentrations during healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Capone
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simon Svedman
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Juthberg
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Paul W. Ackermann
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang Q, Liu C, Li Q, Li J, Wu Y, Liu J. MicroRNA-25-5p counteracts oxidized LDL-induced pathological changes by targeting neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) in human brain micro-vessel endothelial cells. Biochimie 2019; 165:141-149. [PMID: 31365884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p) may be involved in the pathogenesis and processes of vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-25-5p in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) and the underlying mechanisms. RT-qPCR and/or Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of miR-25-5p and neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1). The effect of miR-25-5p overexpression and NEGR1 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of HBMECs were measured by using CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of apoptosis-related protein (cleaved caspase-3 and pro-caspase-3) were detected using Western blot, and the nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by a nitric oxide assay kit. The expression level of miR-25-5p was decreased in HBMECs treated with ox-LDL. Compared with the control group, miR-25-5p overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of HBMECs treated with ox-LDL (p < 0.01). Overexpression of miR-25-5p significantly suppressed cell apoptosis, ROS production and NO reduction of ox-LDL-induced HBMECs (p < 0.01). In addition, the target gene of miR-25-5p was predicted to be NEGR1 through Targetscan online analysis. The effect of NEGR1 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, ROS and NO production of ox-LDL-induced HBMECs was similar to that of miR-25-5p overexpression. Furthermore, miR-25-5p overexpression and NEGR1 silencing significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Thus, miR-25-5p neutralizes the effects of ox-LDL on multiple functions of HBMECs through suppressing the expression of NEGR1 via regulating the JAK/STA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 201101, China.
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 201101, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yina Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Addevico F, Svedman S, Edman G, Ackermann PW. Pyruvate and lactate as local prognostic biomarkers of patient outcome after achilles tendon rupture. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1529-1536. [PMID: 31102560 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequently disabling injury, which exhibits unclear variability in long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes. Biomarkers from early healing, which have been shown to be prognostic of long-term outcome would facilitate the development of improved treatment methods. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess essential metabolites pyruvate and its product lactate, as early biomarkers in relation to long-term functional- and patient-reported outcome after ATR. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 124 patients (103 men, 21 women; mean age 40 ± 7 years) with ATR, treated with uniform anesthetic and surgical technique, were prospectively assessed. At two weeks post-injury pyruvate and lactate concentrations were assessed in both the injured and uninjured limbs using microdialysis followed by enzymatic quantification. The ratios of the concentration in the injured versus uninjured limb of pyruvate (pyruvate-r) and lactate (lactate-r) were calculated as well as the lactate/pyruvate ratios (L/P-r). At 12 months, patient-reported outcome was examined using self-reported questionnaires; Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and physical activity score. At 12 months, functional outcome was studied using the validated heel-rise test. RESULTS Elevated pyruvate-r, at two weeks, was significantly associated with total ATRS (R = 0.254, P = 0.028), less loss in physical activity (R = 0.241, P = 0.039), less experience of pain in FAOS (R = 0.275, P = 0.032), and a higher number of heel-rise repetitions on injured side (R = 0.230, P = 0.040) at 12 months. Increased lactate-r was related with less strength limitations in the calf (R = 0.283, P = 0.011), while the elevated lactate-pyruvate ratio, notably, was related to more limitations in walking on uneven surface (R = -0,243, P = 0.027). The findings were verified by multiple linear regression taking confounding factors into consideration. CONCLUSION This study established that the metabolite pyruvate is a good potential biomarker, prognostic of patient outcome at the one-year follow-up after ATR surgery. These novel findings suggest that local biomarkers could be developed at an early-stage screen for new ATR treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Addevico
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Università degli studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Svedman
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schmidt A, von Woedtke T, Vollmar B, Hasse S, Bekeschus S. Nrf2 signaling and inflammation are key events in physical plasma-spurred wound healing. Theranostics 2019; 9:1066-1084. [PMID: 30867816 PMCID: PMC6401410 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is strongly associated with the presence of a balanced content of reactive species in which oxygen-dependent, redox-sensitive signaling represents an essential step in the healing cascade. Numerous studies have demonstrated that cold physical plasma supports wound healing due to its ability to deliver a beneficial mixture of reactive species directly to the cells. Methods: We described a preclinical proof-of-principle-concept of cold plasma use in a dermal, full-thickness wound model in immunocompetent SKH1 mice. Quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were perfomed to evaluate the expression and cellular translocation of essential targets of Nrf2 and p53 signaling as well as immunomodulatory and angiogenetic factors. Apoptosis and proliferation were detected using TUNEL assay and Ki67 staining, respectively. Cytokine levels in serum were measured using bead-based multiplex cytokine analysis. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated from mouse skin to perform functional knockdown experiments. Intravital fluorescence analysis was used to illustrate and quantified microvascular features. Results: Plasma exerted significant effects on wound healing in mice, including the promotion of granulation and reepithelialization as a consequence of the migration of skin cells, the balance of antioxidant and inflammatory response, and the early induction of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment to the wound sites. Moreover, through an early and local plasma-induced p53 inhibition with a concomitant stimulation of proliferation, the upregulation of angiogenetic factors, and an increased outgrowth of new vessels, our findings explain why dermal skin repair is accelerated. The cellular redox homeostasis was maintained and cells were defended from damage by a strong modulation of the nuclear E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway and redox-sensitive p53 signaling. Conclusions: Although acute wound healing is non-problematic, the pathways highlighted that mainly the activation of Nrf2 signaling is a promising strategy for the clinical use of cold plasma in chronic wound healing.
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Nrf2, a Potential Therapeutic Target against Oxidative Stress in Corneal Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2326178. [PMID: 29209447 PMCID: PMC5676473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2326178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Conservative medical agents, which may prevent sight-threatening corneal disease progression, are urgently desired. Numerous evidences have revealed the involvement of oxidative stress in various corneal diseases, such as corneal wound healing and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like erythroid-cell-derived protein with CNC homology- (ECH-) associated protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling is well known as one of the main antioxidative defense systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to elucidate the different expression profiles of Nrf2 signaling as well as the underlying mechanisms in corneal diseases, implicating that Nrf2 may serve as a potentially promising therapeutic target for corneal diseases.
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Chen B, Na F, Yang H, Li R, Li M, Sun X, Hu B, Huang G, Lan J, Xu H, Tong R, Mo X, Xue J, Lu Y. Ethyl pyruvate alleviates radiation-induced lung injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:468-478. [PMID: 28570981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication of thoracic cancer radiation therapy. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) was reported to have an ameliorating effect on a variety of systemic inflammation reactions, including acute lung injury. However, the protective effect of EP on RILI has not been explored. MATERIALS/METHODS RILI was induced by a single thoracic irradiation of 16Gy X-rays in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided into four groups: control, radiation, 100mg/kg EP, and 200mg/kg dexamethasone. Inflammation and fibrosis grade of lung tissue were scored by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Cytokines include IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, M-CSF, TGF-β1, and HMGB1 were measured after irradiation. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the protective effect of EP in RAW264.7 and HBE cells. The effect of EP on HMGB1 was also explored in vitro. RESULT The cytoplasm of bronchial epithelium cells in mice was positive-stained of HMGB1 accompanying with an increase of HMGB1, IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 after irradiation. EP prescription significantly reduced pulmonary inflammation infiltration of RILI, along with a decrease of HMGB1, IL-6, IL-1β, and GM-CSF at 4 weeks after irradiation. Furthermore, EP decreased radiation-induced collagen deposition at 20 weeks after irradiation. Pro-fibrotic cytokines including TGF-β1 and HMGB1 in irradiated lung tissue and plasma obviously decreased in EP administration group in the later stage. In vitro, EP administration protected HBE cells from radiation injury. EP also rescued radiation-induced release but not translocation of HMGB1 in RAW264.7 and HBE cells. CONCLUSION EP treatment ameliorates RILI, including radiation-induced fibrosis in mice. The inhibition of production and release of pro-inflammatory or fibrotic cytokines, especially HMGB1, may partly attribute to its attenuating RILI effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Feifei Na
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center,37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ruizhan Tong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Scott GF, Nguyen AQ, Cherry BH, Hollrah RA, Salinas I, Williams AG, Ryou MG, Mallet RT. Featured Article: Pyruvate preserves antiglycation defenses in porcine brain after cardiac arrest. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1095-1103. [PMID: 28361585 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217703353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiocerebral resuscitation (CCR)-induced ischemia-reperfusion imposes oxidative and carbonyl stress that injures the brain. The ischemic shift to anaerobic glycolysis, combined with oxyradical inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), provokes excessive formation of the powerful glycating agent, methylglyoxal. The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Pyruvate, a natural antioxidant that augments GSH redox status, could sustain the GLO system in the face of ischemia-reperfusion. This study assessed the impact of CA-CCR on the cerebral GLO system and pyruvate's ability to preserve this neuroprotective system following CA. Domestic swine were subjected to 10 min CA, 4 min closed-chest CCR, defibrillation and 4 h recovery, or to a non-CA sham protocol. Sodium pyruvate or NaCl control was infused (0.1 mmol/kg/min, intravenous) throughout CCR and the first 60 min recovery. Protein glycation, GLO1 content, and activities of GLO1, GR, and GAPDH were analyzed in frontal cortex biopsied at 4 h recovery. CA-CCR produced marked protein glycation which was attenuated by pyruvate treatment. GLO1, GR, and GAPDH activities fell by 86, 55, and 30%, respectively, after CA-CCR with NaCl infusion. Pyruvate prevented inactivation of all three enzymes. CA-CCR sharply lowered GLO1 monomer content with commensurate formation of higher molecular weight immunoreactivity; pyruvate preserved GLO1 monomers. Thus, ischemia-reperfusion imposed by CA-CCR disabled the brain's antiglycation defenses. Pyruvate preserved these enzyme systems that protect the brain from glycation stress. Impact statement Recent studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of protein glycation in brain injury. Methylglyoxal, a by-product of glycolysis and a powerful glycating agent in brain, is detoxified by the glutathione-catalyzed glyoxalase (GLO) system, but the impact of cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiocerebral resuscitation (CCR) on the brain's antiglycation defenses is unknown. This study in a swine model of CA and CCR demonstrated for the first time that the intense cerebral ischemia-reperfusion imposed by CA-resuscitation disabled glyoxalase-1 and glutathione reductase (GR), the source of glutathione for methylglyoxal detoxification. Moreover, intravenous administration of pyruvate, a redox-active intermediary metabolite and antioxidant in brain, prevented inactivation of glyoxalase-1 and GR and blunted protein glycation in cerebral cortex. These findings in a large mammal are first evidence of GLO inactivation and the resultant cerebral protein glycation after CA-resuscitation, and identify novel actions of pyruvate to minimize protein glycation in postischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Scott
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Anh Q Nguyen
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brandon H Cherry
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Roger A Hollrah
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Isabella Salinas
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Arthur G Williams
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Eom SY, Yim DH, Kim JH, Chae JB, Kim YD, Kim H. A pilot exome-wide association study of age-related cataract in Koreans. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:186-90. [PMID: 27533928 PMCID: PMC4885165 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.2016k0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. A previous study reported that genetic factors could explain approximately 50% of the heritability of cataract. However, a genetic predisposition to ARC and the contributing factors have not yet been elucidated in the Korean population. In this study, we assessed the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the risk of ARC in Koreans, including 156 cataract cases and 138 healthy adults. We conducted an exome-wide association study using Illumina Human Exome-12v1.2 platform to screen 244,770 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). No SNPs reached exome-wide significance level of association (P < 1×10−6). B3GNT4 rs7136356 showed the most significant association with ARC (P = 6.54×10−5). Two loci (MUC16 and P2RY2) among the top 20 ARC-associated SNPs were recognized as probably linked to cataractogenesis. Functions of these genes were potentially related to regulating dehydration or homeostasis of the eyes, and showed a potential association with dry eye disease. This finding suggests that mucin- and dry eye disease-related genes may play a significant role in cataractogenesis. Our study provides insight into the genetic predisposition of ARC in Koreans. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Eom
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Optometry, Daejeon Health Science College, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Byung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Endogenous sulfur dioxide alleviates collagen remodeling via inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19503. [PMID: 26762477 PMCID: PMC4725894 DOI: 10.1038/srep19503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the role of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) in collagen remodeling and its mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Overexpression of endogenous SO2 synthase aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) 1 or 2 increased SO2 levels and inhibited collagen I and III expressions induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in VSMCs. In contrast, AAT1 or AAT2 knockdown induced a severe collagen deposition in TGF-β1-treated VSMCs. Furthermore, AAT1 or AAT2 overexpression suppressed procollagen I and III mRNA, upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression, downregulated tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 level, and vice versa. Mechanistically, AAT1 or AAT2 overexpression inhibited phosphorylation of type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) and Smad2/3 in TGF-β1-stimulated VSMCs. Whereas SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, attenuated excessive collagen deposition induced by AAT knockdown. Most importantly, ectopically expressing AAT or exogenous addition of 100 μM SO2 blocked AAT deficiency-aggravated collagen accumulation in TGF-β1-stimulatd VSMCs, while no inhibition was observed at 100 μM ethyl pyruvate. These findings indicated that endogenous SO2 alleviated collagen remodeling by controlling TGF-β1/TβRI/Smad2/3-mediated modulation of collagen synthesis and degradation.
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Famili A, Ammar DA, Kahook MY. Ethyl pyruvate treatment mitigates oxidative stress damage in cultured trabecular meshwork cells. Mol Vis 2013; 19:1304-9. [PMID: 23805037 PMCID: PMC3692399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. This study was designed to assess ethyl pyruvate (EP) as a novel antioxidative agent in cultured human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells. METHODS Primary hTM cells were cultured on collagen matrices. Tolerance to EP was assessed at various concentrations using fluorescent vital dyes (live/dead) and metabolic (1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. After the candidate doses were identified, cells received either preincubation with EP before hydrogen peroxide stressing or pre- and coincubation with EP before and during stressing. Live/dead and metabolic activity assays were used to quantify oxidative damage. RESULTS Cultured hTM cells were well tolerant of EP concentrations at or below 10 mM while higher doses showed significant levels of cytotoxicity. In the peroxide stress assays, samples that received pre- and cotreatment with all concentrations of EP showed significantly increased cell survival and maintenance of metabolic activity. However, samples that received only pretreatment did not show a significant increase in survival rates and lost nearly all metabolic activity after peroxide-induced stressing. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that EP is a potent antioxidant that is well tolerated by hTM cells; however, EP's potential as a therapeutic agent for glaucoma is limited by its inability to enhance endogenous antioxidant capacity. A continuous drug delivery system may be needed to realize the full therapeutic potential of EP for treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Famili
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - David A. Ammar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, MS F731 Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Aurora, CO
| | - Malik Y. Kahook
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, MS F731 Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Aurora, CO
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Gupta D, Du Y, Piluek J, Jakub AM, Buela KA, Abbott A, Schuman JS, SundarRaj N. Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates endotoxin-induced corneal inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:6589-99. [PMID: 22918642 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced corneal inflammation. METHODS LPS was injected intrastromally into the corneas of C57BL/6 mice followed by treatment with a solution of 2.5% EP in 0.2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) every 90 minutes during the course of 12 hours. Prednisolone acetate 1% solution (PRED FORTE) was used as a positive control. Mice were sacrificed after 3 days, and corneas were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy and analyzed for infiltrated cells by flow cytometry. Gr-1, TNF-α, and pNF-κB-p65 were detected immunohistochemically, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS LPS-induced haze in mice corneas was decreased by 2-fold upon EP treatment; however, it was not changed upon PRED FORTE treatment. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed infiltration of leukocytes in the LPS-treated corneas; among the infiltrated cells, neutrophils (Gr-1+ and CD11b+) and macrophages (F4/80+ and CD11b+) were 3403.4- and 4.5-fold higher in number, respectively, than in vehicle-treated control corneas. EP or PRED FORTE treatment of LPS-injected corneas decreased the number of neutrophils 7.5- and 7.2-fold and macrophages by 5.6- and 3.5-fold, respectively. Both EP and PRED FORTE decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression considerably, and to a lesser extent IL-1β expression, in the LPS-treated corneas. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that EP reduces LPS-induced inflammation in the cornea and thus may have a potential therapeutic application in the inhibition of corneal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kenchegowda D, Harvey SAK, Swamynathan S, Lathrop KL, Swamynathan SK. Critical role of Klf5 in regulating gene expression during post-eyelid opening maturation of mouse corneas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44771. [PMID: 23024760 PMCID: PMC3443110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klf5 plays an important role in maturation and maintenance of the mouse ocular surface. Here, we quantify WT and Klf5-conditional null (Klf5CN) corneal gene expression, identify Klf5-target genes and compare them with the previously identified Klf4-target genes to understand the molecular basis for non-redundant functions of Klf4 and Klf5 in the cornea. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Postnatal day-11 (PN11) and PN56 WT and Klf5CN corneal transcriptomes were quantified by microarrays to compare gene expression in maturing WT corneas, identify Klf5-target genes, and compare corneal Klf4- and Klf5-target genes. Whole-mount corneal immunofluorescent staining was employed to examine CD45+ cell influx and neovascularization. Effect of Klf5 on expression of desmosomal components was studied by immunofluorescent staining and transient co-transfection assays. Expression of 714 and 753 genes was increased, and 299 and 210 genes decreased in PN11 and PN56 Klf5CN corneas, respectively, with 366 concordant increases and 72 concordant decreases. PN56 Klf5CN corneas shared 241 increases and 98 decreases with those previously described in Klf4CN corneas. Xenobiotic metabolism related pathways were enriched among genes decreased in Klf5CN corneas. Expression of angiogenesis and immune response-related genes was elevated, consistent with neovascularization and CD45+ cell influx in Klf5CN corneas. Expression of 1574 genes was increased and 1915 genes decreased in WT PN56 compared with PN11 corneas. Expression of ECM-associated genes decreased, while that of solute carrier family members increased in WT PN56 compared with PN11 corneas. Dsg1a, Dsg1b and Dsp were down-regulated in Klf5CN corneas and their corresponding promoter activities were stimulated by Klf5 in transient co-transfection assays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Differences between PN11 and PN56 corneal Klf5-target genes reveal dynamic changes in functions of Klf5 during corneal maturation. Klf5 contributes to corneal epithelial homeostasis by regulating the expression of desmosomal components. Klf4- and Klf5-target genes are largely distinct, consistent with their non-redundant roles in the mouse cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. K. Harvey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kira L. Lathrop
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shivalingappa K. Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shin JH, Kim SW, Jin Y, Kim ID, Lee JK. Ethyl pyruvate-mediated Nrf2 activation and hemeoxygenase 1 induction in astrocytes confer protective effects via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Greve K, Domeij-Arverud E, Labruto F, Edman G, Bring D, Nilsson G, Ackermann PW. Metabolic activity in early tendon repair can be enhanced by intermittent pneumatic compression. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22:e55-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Greve
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - E. Domeij-Arverud
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - F. Labruto
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - G. Edman
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMM); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - D. Bring
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - G. Nilsson
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - P. W. Ackermann
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
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Hara H, Koike N, Long C, Piluek J, Roh DS, SundarRaj N, Funderburgh JL, Mizuguchi Y, Isse K, Phelps CJ, Ball SF, Ayares DL, Cooper DKC. Initial in vitro investigation of the human immune response to corneal cells from genetically engineered pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:5278-86. [PMID: 21596821 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the in vitro human humoral and cellular immune responses to wild-type (WT) pig corneal endothelial cells (pCECs) with those to pig aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). These responses were further compared with CECs from genetically engineered pigs (α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout [GTKO] pigs and pigs expressing a human complement-regulatory protein [CD46]) and human donors. METHODS The expression of Galα1,3Gal (Gal), swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I and class II on pCECs and pAECs, with or without activation by porcine IFN-γ, was tested by flow cytometry. Pooled human serum was used to measure IgM/IgG binding to and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to cells from WT, GTKO, and GTKO/CD46 pigs. The human CD4(+) T-cell response to cells from WT, GTKO, GTKO/CD46 pigs and human was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). RESULTS There was a lower level of expression of the Gal antigen and of SLA class I and II on the WT pCECs than on the WT pAECs, resulting in less antibody binding and reduced human CD4(+) T-cell proliferation. However, lysis of the WT pCECs was equivalent to that of the pAECs, suggesting more susceptibility to injury. There were significantly weaker humoral and cellular responses to the pCECs from GTKO/CD46 pigs compared with the WT pCECs, although the cellular response to the GTKO/CD46 pCECs was greater than to the human CECs. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first report of in vitro investigations of CECs from genetically engineered pigs and suggest that pig corneas may provide an acceptable alternative to human corneas for clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hara
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Kalariya NM, Reddy ABM, Ansari NH, VanKuijk FJGM, Ramana KV. Preventive effects of ethyl pyruvate on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:5144-52. [PMID: 21551413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that ethyl pyruvate (EP) exerts anti-inflammatory properties; however, the effect of EP on ocular inflammation is not known. The efficacy of EP in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats was investigated. METHODS EIU in Lewis rats was developed by the subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 μg). EP (30 mg/kg body weight) or its carrier was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before or 2 hours after lipopolysaccharide injection. Animals were killed after 3 and 24 hours followed by enucleation of eyes and collection of the aqueous humor (AqH). The number of infiltrating cells and levels of proteins in the AqH were determined. The rat cytokine/chemokine multiplex method was used to determine level of cytokines and chemokines in the AqH. TNF-α and phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in ocular tissues were determined immunohistochemically. Human primary nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (HNPECs) were used to determine the in vitro efficacy of EP on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. RESULTS Compared to controls, AqH from the EIU rat eyes had a significantly higher number of infiltrating cells, total protein, and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and the treatment of EP prevented EIU-induced increases. In addition, EP also prevented the expression of TNF-α and activation of NF-κB in the ciliary bodies and retina of the eye. Moreover, in HNPECs, EP inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of Cox-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that EP prevents ocular inflammation in EIU, suggesting that the supplementation of EP could be a novel approach for the treatment of ocular inflammation, specifically uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M Kalariya
- AMD Centre, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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