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Azevedo MG, Méndez NP, Cargnin LS, Rocha RS, Seibel MP, da Silva AF, Pigatto JAT. Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelial cells of bovines: an ex vivo study. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1554-1561. [PMID: 38292711 PMCID: PMC10824098 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The endothelium is the most posterior layer of the cornea and is essential for maintaining corneal transparency. Due to variations in corneal endothelial parameters among different species, knowledge of the normal parameters for each species is crucial. Aim To evaluate the corneal endothelium of bovines using contact specular microscopy. Methods Twenty eyeballs from 10 male Brangus (Bos taurus) aged 24 months were evaluated. Contact specular microscopy was performed on the central corneal area. The analyzed parameters were endothelial cell density (ECD) and endothelial cell morphology. Results The ECD in the central area was 1,277 cells/mm2. Regarding the morphology, mainly cells with six (74.3%), five (14.7%) and seven sides (10%) were found. There were no significant differences in ECD and morphology between left and right eyes. Conclusion Contact specular microscopy facilitated the analysis and measurement of corneal endothelial parameters in bovines. The data obtained will serve as a reference for the analysis of bovine corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Pons Méndez
- College of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa Soares Cargnin
- College of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Silva Rocha
- College of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maiara Poersch Seibel
- College of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lin Y, Gil CH, Yoder MC. Differentiation, Evaluation, and Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2014-2025. [PMID: 29025705 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology paves the way to generate large numbers of patient-specific endothelial cells (ECs) that can be potentially delivered for regenerative medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the last decade, numerous protocols that differentiate EC from iPSC have been developed by many groups. In this review, we will discuss several common strategies that have been optimized for human iPSC-EC differentiation and subsequent studies that have evaluated the potential of human iPSC-EC as a cell therapy or as a tool in disease modeling. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of using in vivo vessel-forming ability and in vitro clonogenic colony-forming potential as a gold standard with which to evaluate the quality of human iPSC-EC derived from various protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
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McCabe KL, Kunzevitzky NJ, Chiswell BP, Xia X, Goldberg JL, Lanza R. Efficient Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Corneal Endothelial Cells by Directed Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145266. [PMID: 26689688 PMCID: PMC4686926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To generate human embryonic stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells (hESC-CECs) for transplantation in patients with corneal endothelial dystrophies. Materials and Methods Feeder-free hESC-CECs were generated by a directed differentiation protocol. hESC-CECs were characterized by morphology, expression of corneal endothelial markers, and microarray analysis of gene expression. Results hESC-CECs were nearly identical morphologically to primary human corneal endothelial cells, expressed Zona Occludens 1 (ZO-1) and Na+/K+ATPaseα1 (ATPA1) on the apical surface in monolayer culture, and produced the key proteins of Descemet’s membrane, Collagen VIIIα1 and VIIIα2 (COL8A1 and 8A2). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed expression of all corneal endothelial pump transcripts. hESC-CECs were 96% similar to primary human adult CECs by microarray analysis. Conclusion hESC-CECs are morphologically similar, express corneal endothelial cell markers and express a nearly identical complement of genes compared to human adult corneal endothelial cells. hESC-CECs may be a suitable alternative to donor-derived corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. McCabe
- Ocata Therapeutics, Marlborough, MA, 01752, United States of America
| | - Noelia J. Kunzevitzky
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
- Emmecell, Key Biscayne, FL, 33149, United States of America
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Chiswell
- Ocata Therapeutics, Marlborough, MA, 01752, United States of America
| | - Xin Xia
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Goldberg
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, United States of America
| | - Robert Lanza
- Ocata Therapeutics, Marlborough, MA, 01752, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lachaud CC, Rodriguez-Campins B, Hmadcha A, Soria B. Use of Mesothelial Cells and Biological Matrices for Tissue Engineering of Simple Epithelium Surrogates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:117. [PMID: 26347862 PMCID: PMC4538307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineering technologies have progressed rapidly through last decades resulting in the manufacture of quite complex bioartificial tissues with potential use for human organ and tissue regeneration. The manufacture of avascular monolayered tissues such as simple squamous epithelia was initiated a few decades ago and is attracting increasing interest. Their relative morphostructural simplicity makes of their biomimetization a goal, which is currently accessible. The mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium in nature and is the monolayered tissue lining the walls of large celomic cavities (peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural) and internal organs housed inside. Interestingly, mesothelial cells can be harvested in clinically relevant numbers from several anatomical sources and not less important, they also display high transdifferentiation capacities and are low immunogenic characteristics, which endow these cells with therapeutic interest. Their combination with a suitable scaffold (biocompatible, degradable, and non-immunogenic) may allow the manufacture of tailored serosal membranes biomimetics with potential spanning a wide range of therapeutic applications, principally for the regeneration of simple squamous-like epithelia such as the visceral and parietal mesothelium vascular endothelium and corneal endothelium among others. Herein, we review recent research progresses in mesothelial cells biology and their clinical sources. We make a particular emphasis on reviewing the different types of biological scaffolds suitable for the manufacture of serosal mesothelial membranes biomimetics. Finally, we also review progresses made in mesothelial cells-based therapeutic applications and propose some possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Claude Lachaud
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Berta Rodriguez-Campins
- Departamento de I+D, New Biotechnic S.A. , Seville , Spain ; Fundación Andaluza de Investigación y Desarrollo (FAID) , Seville , Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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Branch MJ, Yu WY, Sheridan C, Hopkinson A. Isolation of adult stem cell populations from the human cornea. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1235:165-77. [PMID: 25388394 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1785-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Corneal blindness is a leading cause of vision loss globally. From a tissue engineering perspective, the cornea represents specific challenges in respect to isolating, stably expanding, banking, and effectively manipulating the various cell types required for effective corneal regeneration. The current research trend in this area focuses on a combined stem cell component with a biological or synthetic carrier or engineering scaffold. Corneal derived stem cells play an important role in such strategies as they represent an available supply of cells with specific abilities to further generate corneal cells in the long term. This chapter describes the isolation protocols of the epithelial stromal and endothelial stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Branch
- Ophthalmology DCN, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Center, Clifton Blvd., Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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6
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Yu WY, Grierson I, Sheridan C, Lo ACY, Wong DSH. Bovine posterior limbus: an evaluation of an alternative source for corneal endothelial and trabecular meshwork stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:624-39. [PMID: 25323922 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has revealed that stem-like cells in the posterior limbus of the eye between the corneal endothelium (CE) and trabecular meshwork (TM) may be able to rejuvenate these tissues in disease. However, these cells have not been clearly defined and we have named them PET cells (progenitor cells of the endothelium and trabeculum). A good and inexpensive animal model for PET cells is lacking, so we investigated bovine eyes as an effective large tissue source. We showed the presence of stem/progenitor cells in the bovine CE, transition zone, and TM in situ. Floating spheres cultured from the CE and TM showed similar stem cell marker expression patterns. Both the CE and TM spheres were bipotent and highly proliferative, but with limited secondary sphere-forming capability. They were highly prone to differentiate back into the cell type of their tissue of origin. It is speculated that the PET cells become more tissue-specific as they migrate away from their niche. Here, we showed that PET cells are present in the posterior limbus of bovine eyes and that they can be successfully cultured and expanded. PET cells represent an attractive target for developing new treatments to regenerate both the CE and TM, thereby reducing the requirement for donor tissue for corneal transplant and invasive treatments for glaucomatous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan Yu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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7
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Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U. Endothelial progenitors. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 52:186-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nijmeh H, Balasubramaniam V, Burns N, Ahmad A, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. High proliferative potential endothelial colony-forming cells contribute to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery vasa vasorum neovascularization. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L661-71. [PMID: 24508729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum (VV) is an important contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). High proliferative potential endothelial progenitor-like cells have been described in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis in both systemic and pulmonary circulations. However, their role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery (PA) VV expansion in PH is not known. We hypothesized that profound PA VV neovascularization observed in a neonatal calf model of hypoxia-induced PH is due to increased numbers of subsets of high proliferative cells within the PA adventitial VV endothelial cells (VVEC). Using a single cell clonogenic assay, we found that high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) comprise a markedly higher percentage in VVEC populations isolated from the PA of hypoxic (VVEC-Hx) compared with control (VVEC-Co) calves. VVEC-Hx populations that comprised higher numbers of HPP-CFC also demonstrated markedly higher expression levels of CD31, CD105, and c-kit than VVEC-Co. In addition, significantly higher expression of CD31, CD105, and c-kit was observed in HPP-CFC vs. the VVEC of the control but not of hypoxic animals. HPP-CFC exhibited migratory and tube formation capabilities, two important attributes of angiogenic phenotype. Furthermore, HPP-CFC-Co and some HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited elevated telomerase activity, consistent with their high replicative potential, whereas a number of HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited impaired telomerase activity, suggestive of their senescence state. In conclusion, our data suggest that hypoxia-induced VV expansion involves an emergence of HPP-CFC populations of a distinct phenotype with increased angiogenic capabilities. These cells may serve as a potential target for regulating VVEC neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nijmeh
- Univ. of Colorado Denver, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Box B131, Research 2, Rm. 6119, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045.
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Basile DP, Zeng P, Friedrich JL, Leonard EC, Yoder MC. Low proliferative potential and impaired angiogenesis of cultured rat kidney endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2013; 19:598-609. [PMID: 22612333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CKD is histologically characterized by interstitial fibrosis, which may be driven by peritubular capillary dropout and hypoxia. Surprisingly, peritubular capillaries have little repair capacity. We sought to establish long-term cultures of rat kidney endothelial cells to investigate their growth regulatory properties. METHODS AKEC or YKEC were isolated using CD31-based isolation techniques and sustained in long-term cultures. RESULTS Although YKEC grew slightly better than AKEC, both performed poorly compared with endothelial cells of the rat adult PMVEC, PAEC, or HUVEC cells. PMVEC and PAEC contained a large percentage of cells with high colony-forming potential. In contrast, KECs were incapable of forming large colonies and most remained as single nondividing cells. KEC expressed high levels of mRNA for VEGF receptors, but were surprisingly insensitive to VEGF stimulation. KEC did not form branching structures on Matrigel when cultured alone, but in mixed cultures, KEC incorporated into branching structures with PMVEC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the intrinsic growth of rat kidney endothelial cells is limited by unknown mechanisms. The low growth rate may be related to the minimal intrinsic regenerative capacity of renal capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
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10
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Schmedt T, Chen Y, Nguyen TT, Li S, Bonanno JA, Jurkunas UV. Telomerase immortalization of human corneal endothelial cells yields functional hexagonal monolayers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51427. [PMID: 23284695 PMCID: PMC3528758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) form a monolayer of hexagonal cells whose main function is to maintain corneal clarity by regulating corneal hydration. HCEnCs are derived from neural crest and are arrested in the post-mitotic state. Thus cell loss due to aging or corneal endothelial disorders leads to corneal edema and blindness-the leading indication for corneal transplantation. Here we show the existence of morphologically distinct subpopulations of HCEnCs that are interspersed among primary cells and exhibit enhanced self-renewal competence and lack of phenotypic signs of cellular senescence. Colonies of these uniform and hexagonal HCEnCs (HCEnC-21) were selectively isolated and demonstrated high proliferative potential that was dependent on endogenous upregulation of telomerase and cyclin D/CDK4. Further transduction of HCEnC-21 with telomerase yielded a highly proliferative corneal endothelial cell line (HCEnT-21T) that was devoid of oncogenic transformation and retained critical corneal endothelial cell characteristics and functionality. This study will significantly impact the fields of corneal cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Schmedt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuming Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tracy T. Nguyen
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shimin Li
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Bonanno
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ula V. Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Shelley WC, Leapley AC, Huang L, Critser PJ, Mead LE, Zeng P, Prater D, Ingram DA, Tarantal AF, Yoder MC. Changes in the frequency and in vivo vessel-forming ability of rhesus monkey circulating endothelial colony-forming cells across the lifespan (birth to aged). Pediatr Res 2012; 71:156-61. [PMID: 22258126 PMCID: PMC3358134 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have identified a novel hierarchy of human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) that are functionally defined by their proliferative and clonogenic potential and in vivo vessel-forming ability. The rhesus monkey provides an excellent model in which to examine the changes in circulating concentrations and functions of ECFCs since this nonhuman primate possesses a long lifespan and has been used extensively to model age-related processes that occur in humans. RESULTS Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from rhesus monkey ECFCs share a cell-surface phenotype similar to human cord blood ECFCs, rapidly form capillary-like structures in vitro, and form endothelial-lined vessels in vivo upon implantation in immunodeficient mice in an age-dependent manner. Of interest, although ECFCs from the oldest monkeys formed capillary-like structures in vitro, the cells failed to form inosculating vessels when implanted in vivo and displayed a deficiency in cytoplasmic vacuolation in vitro; a critical first step in vasculogenesis. DISCUSSION Utilizing previously established clonogenic assays for defining different subpopulations of human ECFCs, we have shown that a hierarchy of ECFCs, identical to human cells, can be isolated from the peripheral blood of rhesus monkeys, and that the frequency of the circulating cells varies with age. These studies establish the rhesus monkey as an important preclinical model for evaluating the role and function of circulating ECFCs in vascular homeostasis and aging. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 healthy rhesus monkeys from birth to 24 years of age for ECFC analysis including immunophenotyping, clonogenic assays, and in vivo vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Chris Shelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Alyssa C. Leapley
- Center of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research, California National Primate Research Center, and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Paul J. Critser
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Laura E. Mead
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Pingyu Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniel Prater
- Center of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research, California National Primate Research Center, and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - David A. Ingram
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research, California National Primate Research Center, and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Corresponding Author: Alice F. Tarantal, PhD, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Pedrick and Hutchison Roads, Davis, CA 95616-8542, Phone: (530) 752-6680, Fax: (530) 752-2880,
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Yu WY, Sheridan C, Grierson I, Mason S, Kearns V, Lo ACY, Wong D. Progenitors for the corneal endothelium and trabecular meshwork: a potential source for personalized stem cell therapy in corneal endothelial diseases and glaucoma. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:412743. [PMID: 22187525 PMCID: PMC3236530 DOI: 10.1155/2011/412743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several adult stem cell types have been found in different parts of the eye, including the corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and retina. In addition to these, there have been accumulating evidence that some stem-like cells reside in the transition area between the peripheral corneal endothelium (CE) and the anterior nonfiltering portion of the trabecular meshwork (TM), which is known as the Schwalbe's Ring region. These stem/progenitor cells may supply new cells for the CE and TM. In fact, the CE and TM share certain similarities in terms of their embryonic origin and proliferative capacity in vivo. In this paper, we discuss the putative stem cell source which has the potential for replacement of lost and nonfunctional cells in CE diseases and glaucoma. The future development of personalized stem cell therapies for the CE and TM may reduce the requirement of corneal grafts and surgical treatments in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan Yu
- Eye Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Carl Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments Building, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Ian Grierson
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments Building, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Sharon Mason
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments Building, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Victoria Kearns
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments Building, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Eye Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - David Wong
- Eye Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
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Chandrasekhar KS, Zhou H, Zeng P, Alge D, Li W, Finney BA, Yoder MC, Li J. Blood vessel wall-derived endothelial colony-forming cells enhance fracture repair and bone regeneration. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:347-57. [PMID: 21882012 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation requires new blood vessel formation, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may play a role in this process. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), one subtype of EPCs, isolated from the microvasculature of rat lungs, exhibited cell surface antigen markers and gene products characteristic of endothelial cells and displayed high proliferative potential and an ability to form vessel-like network structures in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ECFCs facilitate bone healing during fracture repair and stimulate bone regeneration. When type I collagen sponge containing ECFCs were surgically wrapped around the fractured femurs of rats, newly formed bone mineral at the site of fracture was 13% greater (P = 0.01) and energy to failure was 46% greater (P = 0.01) compared to sponge-wrapped fractures without ECFCs. When ECFCs in type I collagen sponge were surgically implanted into the bone defective area, more new vessels formed locally in comparison with sponge-alone controls and new bone tissues were seen. Further, co-implantation of ECFCs and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) scaffolds at the bone defective sites stimulated more new bone tissues than HA/TCP scaffold alone. These results show that cell therapy with vessel wall-derived ECFCs can induce new vessel formation, stimulate new bone formation, and facilitate bone repair and could be a useful approach to treat non-union fractures and bone defects.
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Watt SM, Athanassopoulos A, Harris AL, Tsaknakis G. Human endothelial stem/progenitor cells, angiogenic factors and vascular repair. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 6:S731-51. [PMID: 20843839 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0377.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization or new blood vessel formation is of utmost importance not only for tissue and organ development and for tissue repair and regeneration, but also for pathological processes, such as tumour development. Despite this, the endothelial lineage, its origin, and the regulation of endothelial development and function either intrinsically from stem cells or extrinsically by proangiogenic supporting cells and other elements within local and specific microenvironmental niches are still not fully understood. There can be no doubt that for most tissues and organs, revascularization represents the holy grail for tissue repair, with autologous endothelial stem/progenitor cells, their proangiogenic counterparts and the products of these cells all being attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Historically, a great deal of controversy has surrounded the identification and origin of cells and factors that contribute to revascularization, the use of such cells or their products as biomarkers to predict and monitor tissue damage and repair or tumour progression and therapeutic responses, and indeed their efficacy in revascularizing and repairing damaged tissues. Here, we will review the role of endothelial progenitor cells and of supporting proangiogenic cells and their products, principally in humans, as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for wound repair and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Stem Cells and Immunotherapies, NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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