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Limbal epithelial stem cell sheets from young donors have better regenerative potential. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14191. [PMID: 35986035 PMCID: PMC9391416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the stemness of limbal epithelial stem cell sheets in relation to the donor’s age. Human limbal explants from cadaveric donors were set on human amniotic membrane scaffolds with the xeno-free medium. We evaluated limbal epithelial sheet size, expression of stem/progenitor cell markers, and colony formation efficiency from donors of different age groups (age ≤ 45, age 45–65, and age > 65). Expression of the proliferation marker Ki67, stem/progenitor cell markers p63α and ABCG2, cornea specific marker PANCK, and differentiation marker CK12 were evaluated. To determine the effect of donor age on the storage period of limbal explant sheets, the limbal explant outgrowth sheets were stored in 4 °C for 2 days and analyzed for JC-1, p63α, and PANCK with FACS on each day. From days 6 to 12, the outgrowth area of the limbal epithelial stem cell sheet was significantly larger in the age ≤ 45 groups (296 ± 54.7 mm2, day 9) compared to the other two age groups [age 45–65 group (278 ± 62.6 mm2), age > 65 group (257 ± 44.0 mm2), day 9] (p < 0.01). In terms of stemness, outgrowth cells from aged donors (age > 65) showed lower expression of stem/progenitor cell markers p63α and ABCG2 and decreased CFE compared to the other two groups. There were significantly more p63α+ cells in outgrowth cells in the age ≤ 45 group (18.2 ± 3.6%) compared to the age > 65 group (14.1 ± 4.6%; p < 0.01). Limbal explant outgrowth sheet on the age ≤ 45 group (32.7 ± 7.5%) had higher percentages of cells resisting staining by JC-1 compared with sheets under the age > 65 groups (25.7 ± 7.1%, p < 0.01) (JC-1low). Cells from the age ≤ 45 group showed a higher clonogenic capacity than those from the other two age groups (45 < Age ≤ 65 CFE ratio = 0.7 ± 0.16, p < 0.01; 65 < Age CFE ratio = 0.3 ± 0.06, p < 0.01, vs. Age ≤ 45). In the age > 65 group, positive cells of p63α on D0, 1, and 2 were significantly lower compared to those in the age ≤ 45 group on the storage period (p < 0.01, respectively). Our results imply that donors younger than 65 years of age are a better source of limbal epithelial stem cell sheet generation with high regeneration potential.
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Jackson CJ, Pasovic L, Raeder S, Sehic A, Roald B, de la Paz MF, Tønseth KA, Utheim TP. Optisol-GS Storage of Cultured Human Limbal Epithelial Cells at Ambient Temperature Is Superior to Hypothermic Storage. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1497-1503. [PMID: 32578462 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1770295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using Optisol-GS as a convenient, xenogeneic-free alternative for storage of cultured human limbal epithelial cells (HLECS) for use in treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). In the present study, we compared storage of cultured HLEC using the conventional hypothermic Optisol-GS storage method at 4°C versus storage at 23°C (room temperature). MATERIALS AND METHODS HLECs were cultured for three weeks on amniotic membrane (AM), transferred to polypropylene containers and stored in Optisol-GS for 4 days at 23°C and 4°C. A calcein-acetoxymethyl ester/ethidium homodimer-1 assay was used to assess viability. Morphology and phenotype were analyzed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Expression of stem cell and proliferation markers p63, ∆Np63α, ABCG2, K19, K3, Cx43, Ki67, and PCNA was maintained at pre-storage control levels during storage at 23°C. ABCG2 and PCNA expression were both significantly altered during storage at 4°C. HLEC cell sheet viability also significantly declined following storage at 4°C. HLEC sheets stored at 4°C demonstrated extensive detachment of basal cells from the AM in sharp contrast to storage at 23°C, where attachment to the AM was maintained throughout the storage period. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the feasibility of short-term storage of cultured HLECs in Optisol-GS, which offers a convenient standardized xenogeneic-free storage method. Storage temperature highly affected the results. Maintenance of cell viability, morphology and undifferentiated proliferative phenotype of cultured HLEC sheets favored storage at 23°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Lara Pasovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Borghild Roald
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria F de la Paz
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Alexsander Tønseth
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital , Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital , Arendal, Norway
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Lee HJ, Nam SM, Choi SK, Seo KY, Kim HO, Chung SH. Comparative study of substrate free and amniotic membrane scaffolds for cultivation of limbal epithelial sheet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14628. [PMID: 30279555 PMCID: PMC6168574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation has been proven to restore the corneal surface in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Here we comparatively investigated the optimized conditions and the efficiency of limbal epithelial sheet growth in three media conditions as well as with substrate free (transwell), human amniotic membrane (HAM) sutured onto transwell inserts (HAMTW), and HAM slide scaffold (HAMS). Outcomes evaluated were outgrowth sheet size from limbal explants, expression of stem/progenitor cell markers p63α, ABCG2 and CK15, and colony formation efficiency (CFE). Additionally, limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS were transplanted into corneas of LSCD rabbit models. Limbal epithelial sheets with 5% human AB serum showed the greatest increase in ABCG2 efflux activity (JC1low), p63α expression, and CFE compared in both conditions without HAM and with HAM, respectively. The outgrowth sheet size, cell yield, and Ki67 expression were increased in limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS compared to transwell and HAMTW. ABCG2 efflux activity, p63α and CK15 expressions, and CFE were also increased in limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS as well. In corneas of transplanted rabbit LSCD models, p63α expressions were noted in the basal layers and CK12 expressions were observed in superficial layers. Cultivation of limbal epithelial sheet on HAMS with xeno-free medium enhances the growth and stemness of limbal epithelial sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Seoil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Comparison of culture media indicates a role for autologous serum in enhancing phenotypic preservation of rabbit limbal stem cells in explant culture. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:687-700. [PMID: 29204944 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of six different cell culture media and autologous serum (AS) on the phenotypic characteristics of rabbit limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) cultivated on porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. Limbal explants from rabbit corneas were grown on PET membrane inserts in five different media: DMEM-F12 with fetal bovine serum (FBS) (DMEM-F12-FBS), with pluripotin (DMEM-F12-pluripotin) and with autologous serum (DMEM-F12-AS), Epilife, Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium (KSFM) and Defined-Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium. The effects of different media were evaluated by total cell yield from explants, measuring the expression of proteins by immunofluorescence and gene expression by Real Time PCR. In all five media tested, most of the limbal epithelial cells (LEC) which proliferated from explants were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 14 (85-90%), indicating that all five media support the growth of LESC from explants. The expression of differentiation markers; CK 3 and 12 was highest in DMEM-F12-FBS (56%), was lower in Epilife and KSFM (26 and 19%, respectively), with the lowest values (13%) obtained in DMEM-F12-AS. Gene expression of limbal cultures on PET membrane inserts was compared to fresh limbal tissue. In DMEM-F12-FBS, DMEM-F12-pluripotin, and DMEM-F12-AS, expression of potential LESC markers CXCR4 and polycomb complex protein BMI-1 were similar to limbal tissue. DMEM-F12 with 10% AS maintained a higher percentage of potential stem cell marker genes and lower expression of genes involved in differentiation compared to Epilife or KSFM. Our study shows that rabbit LEC can be cultivated on PET inserts using DMEM-F12 with autologous serum without a requirement for amniotic membrane or feeder cells.
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Divergent effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling modifiers on the preservation of human limbal epithelial progenitors according to culture condition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15241. [PMID: 29127331 PMCID: PMC5681568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the regulation of self-renewal in stem cells. Here we investigated the effect of CHIR99021, the primary transducer of the Wnt signaling canonical pathway, and IWP2, a wide action Wnt signal blocker, on the growth and differentiation of the limbal epithelial progenitor cells when these cells are cultured in two different, common culture approaches, outgrowth from limbal biopsy explants and isolated cell seeded in low calcium medium. Consistent with their expected effects, irrespective of the culture system, IWP2 decreased total β-catenin while CHIR99021 increased it in nuclear localization. However, IWP2 increased stem/progenitor cell marker (p63α and ABCG2) content and clonogenic capacity in the explants but had opposite effects on isolated cells. CHIR99021 reduced the growth rate, stem/progenitor cell marker content and clonogenic capacity in the explants but also had the opposite effect on the isolated cells. These results show that the outcome of Wnt/β-catenin signaling modification is dependent on the culture systems. Transplantation of limbal epithelial sheets from explant cultures is one of the standard treatments of limbal stem cell deficiency. Our study shows that Wnt-associated activity has a strong negative impact on stem/progenitor cell preservation in limbal explant cultures.
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Barut Selver Ö, Yağcı A, Eğrilmez S, Gürdal M, Palamar M, Çavuşoğlu T, Ateş U, Veral A, Güven Ç, Wolosin JM. Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency and Treatment with Stem Cell Transplantation. Turk J Ophthalmol 2017; 47:285-291. [PMID: 29109898 PMCID: PMC5661179 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.72593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the outermost tissue of the eye and it must be transparent for the maintenance of good visual function. The superficial epithelium of the cornea, which is renewed continuously by corneal stem cells, plays a critical role in the permanence of this transparency. These stem cells are localized at the cornea-conjunctival transition zone, referred to as the limbus. When this zone is affected/destroyed, limbal stem cell deficiency ensues. Loss of limbal stem cell function allows colonization of the corneal surface by conjunctival epithelium. Over 6 million people worldwide are affected by corneal blindness, and limbal stem cell deficiency is one of the main causes. Fortunately, it is becoming possible to recover vision by autologous transplantation of limbal cells obtained from the contralateral eye in unilateral cases. Due to the potential risks to the donor eye, only a small amount of tissue can be obtained, in which only 1-2% of the limbal epithelial cells are actually limbal stem cells. Vigorous attempts are being made to expand limbal stem cells in culture to preserve or even enrich the stem cell population. Ex vivo expanded limbal stem cell treatment in limbal stem cell deficiency was first reported in 1997. In the 20 years since, various protocols have been developed for the cultivation of limbal epithelial cells. It is still not clear which method promotes effective stem cell viability and this remains a subject of ongoing research. The most preferred technique for limbal cell culture is the explant culture model. In this approach, a small donor eye limbal biopsy is placed as an explant onto a biocompatible substrate (preferably human amniotic membrane) for expansion. The outgrowth (cultivated limbal epithelial cells) is then surgically transferred to the recipient eye. Due to changing regulations concerning cell-based therapy, the implementation of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice using xenobiotic-free systems is becoming widely accepted both in Turkey and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Barut Selver
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yağcı
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sait Eğrilmez
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gürdal
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Melis Palamar
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Türker Çavuşoğlu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Utku Ateş
- İstanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Veral
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Güven
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Jose Mario Wolosin
- Icahn Faculty of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Ophthalmology and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, USA
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7
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Zhang C, Du L, Pang K, Wu X. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into corneal epithelial progenitor cells under defined conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183303. [PMID: 28813511 PMCID: PMC5557585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell-based therapies using stem cells represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The aim of this study was to develop a novel protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs), with similar features to primary cultured human limbal stem cells (LSCs), using a medium composed of DMEM/F12 and defined keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) (1:1) under different carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in culture. The differentiated cells exhibited a similar morphology to limbal stem cells under 5%, 7%, and 9% CO2 and expressed the LSC markers ABCG-2 and p63; however, CK14 was only expressed in the cells cultured under 7% and 9% CO2. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that the ABCG2, p63, and CK14 levels in the 7% CO2 and 9% CO2 groups were higher than those in the 5% CO2 group and in undifferentiated hESCs (p<0.05). The highest expression of ABCG2 and p63 was exhibited in the cells cultured under 7% CO2 at day 6 of differentiation. Western blotting indicated that the ABCG2 and p63 levels were higher at day 6 than the other time points in the 7% CO2 and 9% CO2 groups. The highest protein expression of ABCG2 and p63 was identified in the 7% CO2 group. The neural cell-specific marker tubulin β3 and the epidermal marker K1/10 were also detected in the differentiated cells via immunofluorescent staining; thus, cell sorting was performed via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and ABCG2-positive cells were isolated as CEPCs. The sorted cells formed three to four layers of epithelioid cells by airlifting culture and expressed ABCG2, p63, CK14, and CK3. In conclusion, the novel induction system conditioned by 7% CO2 in this study may be an effective and feasible method for CEPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liqun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Wolosin JM, Zamudio A, Wang Z. Application of JC1 for non-toxic isolation of cells with MDR transporter activity by flow cytometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174905. [PMID: 28380010 PMCID: PMC5381900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA intercalating dye Hoechst 33342 or its close analog DCV are actively removed from cells by the multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2, a protein overexpressed in metastatic cells and somatic stem cells. In bivariate blue-red flow cytometry fluorescent plots active Hoechst or DCV efflux combined with a concentration dependent bathochromic shifts of these nuclear dyes leads to the segregation of the transporter-rich cells into a distinct cell cohort tilted towards the shorter wavelength axis of the plot, the cohort is generically known as the side population (SP). This feature has facilitated the surface marker-independent isolation of live stem cells. A drawback, though, is the known toxicity of Hoechst dyes. In this study we show that JC1, a bathochromic mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye applied at proper concentration, can yield flow cytometry fluorescent emission bivariate plots containing a low JC1 accumulation (JC1low) cohort. Using a combination of multiple cell lines, ABC-transporter inhibitors and viral vector-driven insertion of the ABCG2 gene or ABCG2 and ABCB1 shRNAs we demonstrate that JC1low can be generated by either of the two aforementioned multidrug resistance transporters. Complete wash out of mitochondrial bound JC1 required more than 24 h. In spite of this tight binding, the dye did not affect either the mitochondrial membrane potentials or the proliferation rate. In contrast, contemporaneous with its nuclear accumulation, Hoechst 33342 or DVC, caused changes in the fluorescent emission of mitochondrial membrane potential sensitive dyes resembling the effects caused by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP. In a number of cell lines exposure to Hoechst resulted in marked slow-down of proliferation and abolition of ABCG2 transport activity during the subsequent 2 days but in K562 cells the exposure induced cell extended death. Overall, its lack of toxicity vis. a vis. the toxicity and genotoxicity of the DNA intercalating dyes makes JC1 an ideal tool for isolating live cells expressing high multidrug resistance transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aldo Zamudio
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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López-Paniagua M, Nieto-Miguel T, de la Mata A, Galindo S, Herreras JM, Corrales RM, Calonge M. Successful Consecutive Expansion of Limbal Explants Using a Biosafe Culture Medium under Feeder Layer-Free Conditions. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:685-695. [PMID: 27911610 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1250278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of in vitro cultured limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) is a treatment widely used for LESC deficiency. However, the number of limbal tissue donors is limited, and protocols for LESC cultivation often include compounds and/or feeder layers that can induce side effects and/or increase the cost of the culture procedure. We investigated the feasibility of obtaining more than one limbal primary culture (LPC) from the same biopsy using a culture medium in which several potentially harmful compounds were replaced at the same time by biosafe supplements, allowing the LESC cultivation without feeder layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established feeder layer-free LPCs with three culture media: (1) a modified supplemental hormonal epithelial medium, containing potential harmful components (cholera toxin, dimethylsulfoxide, and fetal bovine serum [FBS]), (2) IOBA-FBS, a medium with FBS but with no other harmful supplements, and (3) IOBA-HS, similar to IOBA-FBS but with human serum instead of FBS. Additionally, the same limbal explant was consecutively cultured with IOBA-HS producing three cultures. LPCs were characterized by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or immunofluorescence. RESULTS LPCs cultured with the three media under feeder layer-free conditions showed cuboidal cells and no significant differences in the percentage of positive cells for limbal (ABCG2, p63, and K14) and corneal (K3, K12) proteins. Except for ABCG2, the relative mRNA expression of the LESC markers was significantly higher when IOBA-FBS or IOBA-HS was used. LPC1 showed characteristics similar to LPC0, while LPC2 cell morphology became elongated and the expression of some LESC markers was diminished. CONCLUSION IOBA-HS enables the culturing of up to two biosafe homologous LPCs from one limbal tissue under feeder layer-free conditions. The routine use of this culture medium could improve both the biosafety and the number of available LPCs for potential clinical transplantation, as well as decrease the expense of the culture procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Paniagua
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Teresa Nieto-Miguel
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Ana de la Mata
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Sara Galindo
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - José M Herreras
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Rosa M Corrales
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Margarita Calonge
- a IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology) , University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN (Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine) , Valladolid , Spain
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10
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Quan Y, Zhang X, Xu S, Li K, Zhu F, Li Q, Cai X, Lu R. Tcf7l2 localization of putative stem/progenitor cells in mouse conjunctiva. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C246-54. [PMID: 27281479 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00014.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival integrity and preservation is indispensable for vision. The self-renewing capacity of conjunctival cells controls conjunctival homeostasis and regeneration; however, the source of conjunctival self-renewal and the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. Here, we characterize the biochemical phenotype and proliferative potential of conjunctival epithelial cells in adult mouse by detecting proliferation-related signatures and conducting clonal analysis. Further, we show that transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell-specific transcription factor 4), a DNA binding protein expressed in multiple types of adult stem cells, is highly correlated with proliferative signatures in basal conjunctival epithelia. Clonal studies demonstrated that Transcription factor 7-like 2 (Tcf7l2) was coexpressed with p63α and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in propagative colonies. Furthermore, Tcf7l2 was actively transcribed concurrently with conjunctival epithelial proliferation in vitro. Collectively, we suggest that Tcf7l2 may be involved in maintenance of stem/progenitor cells properties of conjunctival epithelial stem/progenitor cells, and with the fornix as the optimal site to isolate highly proliferative conjunctival epithelial cells in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Quan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua College of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siying Xu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Kang Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Feng Zhu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Qian Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xianxian Cai
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Rong Lu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
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11
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Selver OB, Durak I, Gürdal M, Baysal K, Ates H, Ozbek Z, Wang Z, Wu A, Wolosin JM. Corneal recovery in a rabbit limbal stem cell deficiency model by autologous grafts of tertiary outgrowths from cultivated limbal biopsy explants. Mol Vis 2016; 22:138-49. [PMID: 26937166 PMCID: PMC4757454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the corneal regenerative capacity of sequentially generated primary, secondary, and tertiary limbal explant outgrowths in a limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) surgical model. METHODS Two-millimeter-long limbal shallow biopsies were surgically excised from the upper quadrant of the right eye of rabbits and set on preserved amniotic membrane for explant culture. After the generation of primary outgrowth, the biopsies were sequentially transferred to new amniotic membrane to generate secondary and then tertiary outgrowths. Eighteen rabbits were subjected to a 360° limbal peritomy extending into the scleral zone and combined with superficial keratectomy of the corneal periphery and thorough mechanical debridement of the central cornea in their left eye. Right eye outgrowths, six of each generation, were engrafted on the ocular surface. Clinical outcomes (neovascularization, corneal clarity, and corneal fluorescein staining) were graded after 6 months. Post-mortem corneas were compared with histology, immunochemistry for p63 and Krt3, ABCG2-dependent dye exclusion, and capacity for outgrowths in explant culture. RESULTS Immunohistology and western blot of the outgrowths for p63 and Krt3 indicated no differences in expression between the primary and tertiary outgrowths for these two markers of growth and differentiation. Clinically, all rabbits treated with amniotic membrane alone developed severe LSCD. Most rabbits grafted with cell outgrowths from all three outgrowth generations achieved stable (>6 months) recovery of the ocular surface. There were partial failures of grafts performed with two secondary and tertiary outgrowths. However, Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis of the clinical scores yielded no significant difference between the three groups (p=0.524). Histology showed full anatomic recovery of grafts made with primary and tertiary outgrowths. Krt3 and p63 expression throughout the whole limbal corneal epithelium with primary or tertiary outgrowths was not distinguishable from each other. The percentage of dye-excluding cells present within this zone and the capacity of the explant epithelial outgrowth of the regenerated peripheral corneal zone were also on par with those of the donor corneas. The Krt3-negative cells that characterize the basal epithelial layer of the normal limbus could not be found in any regenerated cornea from the primary to tertiary outgrowths. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in rabbits post-primary explant outgrowths retain the capacity for LSCD recovery found in primary explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Barut Selver
- Department of Ophtalmology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismet Durak
- Department of Ophtalmology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gürdal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Ates
- Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ozbek
- Department of Ophtalmology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Albert Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - J. Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Halwachs S, Kneuer C, Gohlsch K, Müller M, Ritz V, Honscha W. The ABCG2 efflux transporter from rabbit placenta: Cloning and functional characterization. Placenta 2015; 38:8-15. [PMID: 26907376 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In human placenta, the ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter ABCG2 is highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast cells and mediates cellular excretion of various drugs and toxins. Hence, physiological ABCG2 activity substantially contributes to the fetoprotective placenta barrier function during gestation. Developmental toxicity studies are often performed in rabbit. However, despite its toxicological relevance, there is no data so far on functional ABCG2 expression in this species. Therefore, we cloned ABCG2 from placenta tissues of chinchilla rabbit. Sequencing showed 84-86% amino acid sequence identity to the orthologues from man, rat and mouse. We transduced the rabbit ABCG2 clone (rbABCG2) in MDCKII cells and stable rbABCG2 gene and protein expression was shown by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The rbABCG2 efflux activity was demonstrated with the Hoechst H33342 assay using the specific ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. We further tested the effect of established human ABCG2 (hABCG2) drug substrates including the antibiotic danofloxacin or the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine on H33342 accumulation in MDCKII-rbABCG2 or -hABCG2 cells. Human therapeutic plasma concentrations of all tested drugs caused a comparable competitive inhibition of H33342 excretion in both ABCG2 clones. Altogether, we first showed functional expression of the ABCG2 efflux transporter in rabbit placenta. Moreover, our data suggest a similar drug substrate spectrum of the rabbit and the human ABCG2 efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Halwachs
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Carsten Kneuer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Pesticide Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Gohlsch
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Pesticide Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marian Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Vera Ritz
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Pesticide Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Inhibition of TGFβ cell signaling for limbal explant culture in serumless, defined xeno-free conditions. Exp Eye Res 2015; 145:48-57. [PMID: 26554938 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Outgrowths of limbal epithelium by explant culture are used to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The explant culture medium is always complemented with serum, a complex solution which includes TGFβ. Since TGFβ is a cytostatic effector for epithelial proliferation we examined its effect on these cultures. Limbal biopsies were set on explant culture in DMEM/F12 with 5 ng/ml EGF and cholera toxin (ChT), ITS, and 5% FBS, henceforth SHEM or a) SHEMSB=SHEM plus SB431542 an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling; b) sfSHEM = SHEM with FBS replaced by 0.05% Albumax II; and c) sfSHEMSB and sfSHEMA83 = sfSHEM plus, respectively, SB431542 or A-83-01, another TGFβ inhibitor. After the initial outgrowths reached 3 cm in diameter, the limbal biopsies were serially transferred up to six times onto new inserts. Biopsy explant outgrowths were trypsinized and cell yield, morphology and stem-cell related JC-1 exclusion (IOVS, 52:4330) were determined by flow cytometry. Cells we plated at low density seeding to compare relative clonal proliferative activity. The expression of three proteins whose levels are associated with growth and differentiation states, Krt3, connexin 43 and p63 were determined by immunohistology and/or Western blot. Cell yield in rabbit, relative to SHEM (in %) were, SHEMSB, 104 ± 13 (p > 0.95); sfSHEM: 5 ± 3; and sfSHEMSB, 94 ± 18 (p > 0.95). Cell size and morphology, JC1 dye exclusion, Krt3, p63 and connexin 43 content, proliferation efficiency and the preservation of extended proliferative potential of the serially cultured biopsies were similar for SHEM, SHEMSB and sfSHEMSB. The only differences observed where reduced expression of Krt3 and increased preservation of p63 in the FBS-free medium. Removal of EGF from sfSHEMSB reduced yield by 92 ± 6% (p < 0.05). Removal of Albumax and ChT to establish a xeno-free medium caused a small, non-statistical decrease in growth rates. Equivalent results were observed in a preliminary experiment in human. These results suggest that in the absence serum endogenously generated TGFβ act as an autocrine cytostatic agent and that TGFβ inhibitors allow explant culture in xeno-free, chemically defined medium. Furthermore, the pro-growth effect of serum in limbal explant cultures may result exclusively from neutralization of the TGFβ cytostatic effect.
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Jackson C, Eidet JR, Reppe S, Aass HCD, Tønseth KA, Roald B, Lyberg T, Utheim TP. Effect of Storage Temperature on the Phenotype of Cultured Epidermal Cells Stored in Xenobiotic-Free Medium. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:757-68. [PMID: 26398483 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1062113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cultured epidermal cell sheets (CECS) are used in the treatment of large area burns to the body and have potential to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) as shown in animal studies. Despite widespread use, storage options for CECS are limited. Short-term storage allows flexibility in scheduling surgery, quality control and improved transportation to clinics worldwide. Recent evidence points to the phenotype of cultured epithelial cells as a critical predictor of post-operative success following transplantation of CECS in burns and in transplantation of cultured epithelial cells in patients with LSCD. This study, therefore assessed the effect of a range of temperatures, spanning 4-37 °C, on the phenotype of CECS stored over a 2-week period in a xenobiotic-free system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Progenitor cell (p63, ΔNp63α and ABCG2) and differentiation (C/EBPδ and CK10) associated marker expression was assessed using immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry staining of normal skin for the markers p63, ABCG2 and C/EBPδ was also carried out. Assessment of progenitor cell side population (SP) was performed using JC1 dye by flow cytometry. RESULTS P63 expression remained relatively constant throughout the temperature range but was significantly lower compared to control between 20 and 28 °C (p < 0.05). High C/EBPδ together with low p63 suggested more differentiation beginning at 20 °C and above. Lower CK10 and C/EBPδ expression most similar to control was seen at 12 °C. The percentage of ABCG2 positive cells was most similar to control between 8 and 24 °C. Between 4 and 24 °C, the SP fluctuated, but was not significantly different compared to control. Results were supported by staining patterns indicating differentiation status associated with markers in normal skin sections. CONCLUSIONS Lower storage temperatures, and in particular 12 °C, merit further investigation as optimal storage temperature for maintenance of undifferentiated phenotype in CECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jackson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | | | - Kim A Tønseth
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway .,c Department of Plastic Surgery , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway and
| | - Borghild Roald
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway .,d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway and
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,e Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Characterisation of human limbal side population cells isolated using an optimised protocol from an immortalised epithelial cell line and primary limbal cultures. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:240-50. [PMID: 24174130 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The challenges in limbal stem cell biology largely remain in the process of identification, isolation and expansion of these adult corneal epithelial stem cells of the eye. Due to the absence of specific limbal stem cell markers, identification and isolation of putative limbal stem cells is a complicated task. The side population assay is an isolation method that utilises the ability of stem cells to efflux the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 (or other vital dyes) combined with dual wavelength flow cytometry and is a valuable strategy to enrich for limbal stem cells. This assay has been used to successfully identify stem/ progenitor cell populations in a variety of tissues and cell lines. Here we optimise this assay to identify SP cell populations in both primary human limbal epithelial cultures and in an established human corneal epithelial cell line. The limbal SP fraction showed higher expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), ΔNp63--a common limbal stem cell marker and the stem cell marker Sox2 compared to non-SP cells (NSP).
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16
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Bath C, Muttuvelu D, Emmersen J, Vorum H, Hjortdal J, Zachar V. Transcriptional dissection of human limbal niche compartments by massive parallel sequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64244. [PMID: 23717577 PMCID: PMC3661480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelium is maintained throughout life by well-orchestrated proliferation of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), followed by migration and maturation centripetally towards the ocular surface. Disturbance of LESCs can potentially lead to a blinding condition, which can be reversed by reconstitution of a functional LESC pool. The current clinical procedures are effective to some degree, however, deeper knowledge of the molecular interplay within the limbal niche is necessary to achieve a fully satisfactory patient outcome. The present study was thus undertaken to carry out a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of four distinct human limbal compartments, including basal limbal crypts (BLCs), superficial limbal crypts (SLCs), cornea, and the supporting stroma, with the aid of laser capture microdissection and deep RNA sequencing. The tissue harvest pipeline was rigorously optimized so that the exposure to cold ischemia would be less than five minutes. The global gene ontology analysis confirmed existence of primitive cells in BLCs, migratory and activated cells in SLCs, and differentiated cells in cornea. Interestingly, many significantly upregulated genes in SLCs mapped to processes involved in regulation of vasculature, such as sFLT1. In contrast, BLCs exhibited many genes mapping to neurogenic processes and processes related to cell development. The primitive nature of BLCs was, furthermore, confirmed by the KEGG pathway analysis, and some potential regulators of LESCs were revealed, such as Lrig1 and SOX9. The analysis also yielded comprehensive lists of uniquely expressed genes in both BLCs and cornea, which may be useful to identify possible biomarkers. In conclusion, the current investigation provides new insight into the relationship between distinct cell populations within the limbal niche, identifies candidates to be verified for novel biological functions, and yields a wealth of information for prospective data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Danson Muttuvelu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Emmersen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Shaharuddin B, Ahmad S, Ali S, Meeson A. Limbal side population cells: a future treatment for limbal stem cell deficiency. Regen Med 2013; 8:319-31. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness carries a morbidity that affects quality of life and is often associated with an increased economic burden. In this review, we focus on the severe and painful condition of limbal stem cell deficiency, an important cause of corneal blindness. Conventional corneal transplantation usually results in graft failure and is contraindicated in this condition. Ex vivo-expanded limbal epithelial transplantation has been used as a cellular-based therapy to regenerate and reconstruct the ocular surface as a mode of treatment. Enrichment methods for stem cells are a strategy to improve the outcome of limbal stem cell transplantation. Here we discuss the side population assay as a functional assay to enrich for stem cells as an important source of limbal stem cells. The challenges in ex vivo-expanded limbal stem cell transplantation are wide and varied and will be addressed in this review with regard to improving the clinical outcomes of cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakiah Shaharuddin
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
- Department of Eye & Vision Sciences, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, 4th Floor UCD Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Simi Ali
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William-Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Annette Meeson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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Zhang W, Gao Z, Shao D, Zhang L, Wang C, Zhang Y. Atomic force microscopy analysis of progenitor corneal epithelial cells fractionated by a rapid centrifugation isolation technique. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59282. [PMID: 23555648 PMCID: PMC3608637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image the three groups of corneal epithelial cells fractionated by a novel rapid centrifugation isolation technique. Methods Epithelial cells harvested from primary cultures of rabbit limbal rings were centrifuged onto uncoated dishes, first at 1400 rpm and then at 1800 rpm. The adherent cells after centrifugation at 1400 rpm (ATC1), the adherent cells at 1800 rpm (ATC2) and the non-adherent cells at 1800 rpm (NAC) were investigated for BrdU retention and were subjected to contact mode AFM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results Compared with unfractionated cells, the ATC1 group, accounting for about 10% of the whole population, was enriched in BrdU label-retaining cells. There were dramatic overall shape, surface membrane and intra-cellular ultrastructure differences noted among ATC1, ATC2 and NAC populations. The whole cell roughness measurements were 21.1±1.5 nm, 79.5±3.4 nm and 103±4.6 nm for the ATC1, ATC2 and NAC groups, respectively. The mero-nucleus roughness measurements were 34.2±1.7 nm, 13.0±0.8 nm and 8.5±0.5 nm in the ATC1, ATC2 and NAC populations, respectively. Conclusions AFM was found to be a good tool for distinguishing among the three groups of cells. BrdU label retention, the AFM parameters and TEM together suggest that the ATC1, ATC2 and NAC populations may be progenitor corneal epithelial cells, transit amplifying cells and terminal differentiation cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zongyin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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López-Paniagua M, Nieto-Miguel T, de la Mata A, Galindo S, Herreras JM, Corrales RM, Calonge M. Consecutive Expansion of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from a Single Limbal Biopsy. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:537-49. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.767350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The transplantation of cultured limbal epithelial cells (LEC) has since its first application in 1997 emerged as a promising technique for treating limbal stem cell deficiency. The culture methods hitherto used vary with respect to preparation of the harvested tissue, choice of culture medium, culture time, culture substrates, and supplementary techniques. In this chapter, we describe a procedure for establishing human LEC cultures using a feeder-free explant culture technique with human amniotic membrane (AM) as the culture substrate.
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Abstract
Maintenance, repair and renewal of the epidermis are thought to depend on a pool of dedicated epidermal stem cells. Like for many somatic tissues, isolation of a nearly pure population of stem cells is a primary goal in cutaneous biology. We used a quantitative transplantation assay, using injection of keratinocytes into subcutis combined with limiting dilution analysis, to assess the long-term repopulating ability of putative murine epidermal stem populations. Putative epidermal stem cell populations were isolated by FACS sorting. The CD133+ population and the subpopulation of CD133+ cells that exhibits high mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨmhi), were enriched for long-term repopulating epidermal stem cells vs. unfractionated cells (3.9 and 5.2-fold, respectively). Evidence for self-renewal capacity was obtained by serial transplantation of long-term epidermal repopulating units derived from CD133+ and CD133+ΔΨmhi keratinocytes. CD133+ keratinocytes were multipotent and produced significantly more hair follicles than CD133− cells. CD133+ cells were a subset of the previously described integrin α6+CD34+ bulge cell population and 28.9±8.6% were label retaining cells. Thus, murine keratinocytes within the CD133+ and CD133+ΔΨmhi populations contain epidermal stem cells that regenerate epidermis for the long-term, are self-renewing, multipotent, and label-retaining cells.
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Abstract
This is a chronicle of concepts in the field of epidermal stem cell biology and a historic look at their development over time. The past 25 years have seen the evolution of epidermal stem cell science, from first fundamental studies to a sophisticated science. The study of epithelial stem cell biology was aided by the ability to visualize the distribution of stem cells and their progeny through lineage analysis studies. The excellent progress we have made in understanding epidermal stem cell biology is discussed in this article. The challenges we still face in understanding epidermal stem cells include defining molecular markers for stem and progenitor sub-populations, determining the locations and contributions of the different stem cell niches, and mapping regulatory pathways of epidermal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, our rapidly evolving understanding of epidermal stem cells has many potential uses that promise to translate into improved patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Ghadially
- Department of Dermatology and Epithelial Section, UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
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Mason SL, Stewart RMK, Kearns VR, Williams RL, Sheridan CM. Ocular epithelial transplantation: current uses and future potential. Regen Med 2011; 6:767-82. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual loss may be caused by a variety of ocular diseases and places a significant burden on society. Replacing or regenerating epithelial structures in the eye has been demonstrated to recover visual loss in a number of such diseases. Several types of cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells, adult stem/progenitor/differentiated epithelial cells and induced pluripotent cells) have generated much interest and research into their potential in restoring vision in a variety of conditions: from ocular surface disease to age-related macular degeneration. While there has been some success in clinical transplantation of conjunctival and particularly corneal epithelium utilizing ocular stem cells, in particular, from the limbus, the replacement of the retinal pigment epithelium by utilizing stem cell sources has yet to reach the clinic. Advances in our understanding of all of these cell types, their differentiation and subsequent optimization of culture conditions and development of suitable substrates for their transplantation will enable us to overcome current clinical obstacles. This article addresses the current status of knowledge concerning the biology of stem cells, their progeny and the use of differentiated epithelial cells to replace ocular epithelial cells. It will highlight the clinical outcomes to date and their potential for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Mason
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rosalind MK Stewart
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Victoria R Kearns
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rachel L Williams
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, L69 3GA, UK
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