1
|
Reis LM, Seese SE, Costakos D, Semina EV. Congenital anterior segment ocular disorders: Genotype-phenotype correlations and emerging novel mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101288. [PMID: 39097141 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Development of the anterior segment of the eye requires reciprocal sequential interactions between the arising tissues, facilitated by numerous genetic factors. Disruption of any of these processes results in congenital anomalies in the affected tissue(s) leading to anterior segment disorders (ASD) including aniridia, Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, congenital corneal opacities (Peters anomaly, cornea plana, congenital primary aphakia), and primary congenital glaucoma. Current understanding of the genetic factors involved in ASD remains incomplete, with approximately 50% overall receiving a genetic diagnosis. While some genes are strongly associated with a specific clinical diagnosis, the majority of known factors are linked with highly variable phenotypic presentations, with pathogenic variants in FOXC1, CYP1B1, and PITX2 associated with the broadest spectrum of ASD conditions. This review discusses typical clinical presentations including associated systemic features of various forms of ASD; the latest functional data and genotype-phenotype correlations related to 25 ASD factors including newly identified genes; promising novel candidates; and current and emerging treatments for these complex conditions. Recent developments of interest in the genetics of ASD include identification of phenotypic expansions for several factors, discovery of multiple modes of inheritance for some genes, and novel mechanisms including a growing number of non-coding variants and alleles affecting specific domains/residues and requiring further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Sarah E Seese
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panagiotou ES, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Farraj LA, McKibbin M, Elçioglu NH, Jafri H, Cerman E, Parry DA, Logan CV, Johnson CA, Inglehearn CF, Toomes C, Ali M. Novel SIX6 mutations cause recessively inherited congenital cataract, microcornea, and corneal opacification with or without coloboma and microphthalmia. Mol Vis 2022; 28:57-69. [PMID: 35693420 PMCID: PMC9122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the molecular basis of recessively inherited congenital cataract, microcornea, and corneal opacification with or without coloboma and microphthalmia in two consanguineous families. Methods Conventional autozygosity mapping was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays. Whole-exome sequencing was completed on genomic DNA from one affected member of each family. Exome sequence data were also used for homozygosity mapping and copy number variation analysis. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the identification of mutations and to screen further patients. Evolutionary conservation of protein sequences was assessed using CLUSTALW, and protein structures were modeled using PyMol. Results In family MEP68, a novel homozygous nucleotide substitution in SIX6 was found, c.547G>C, that converts the evolutionarily conserved aspartic acid residue at the 183rd amino acid in the protein to a histidine, p.(Asp183His). This residue mapped to the third helix of the DNA-binding homeobox domain in SIX6, which interacts with the major groove of double-stranded DNA. This interaction is likely to be disrupted by the mutation. In family F1332, a novel homozygous 1034 bp deletion that encompasses the first exon of SIX6 was identified, chr14:g.60975890_60976923del. Both mutations segregated with the disease phenotype as expected for a recessive condition and were absent from publicly available variant databases. Conclusions Our findings expand the mutation spectrum in this form of inherited eye disease and confirm that homozygous human SIX6 mutations cause a developmental spectrum of ocular phenotypes that includes not only the previously described features of microphthalmia, coloboma, and congenital cataract but also corneal abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia S. Panagiotou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Layal Abi Farraj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom,Eye Clinic, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nursel H. Elçioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,Eastern Mediterrean University of Medical School, Cyprus, Turkey
| | | | - Eren Cerman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David A. Parry
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Clare V. Logan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chris F. Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Manir Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Covello G, Rossello FJ, Filosi M, Gajardo F, Duchemin A, Tremonti BF, Eichenlaub M, Polo JM, Powell D, Ngai J, Allende ML, Domenici E, Ramialison M, Poggi L. Transcriptome analysis of the zebrafish atoh7-/- Mutant, lakritz, highlights Atoh7-dependent genetic networks with potential implications for human eye diseases. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:434-448. [PMID: 32676583 PMCID: PMC7354691 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the bHLH transcription protein Atoh7 is a crucial factor conferring competence to retinal progenitor cells for the development of retinal ganglion cells. Several studies have emerged establishing ATOH7 as a retinal disease gene. Remarkably, such studies uncovered ATOH7 variants associated with global eye defects including optic nerve hypoplasia, microphthalmia, retinal vascular disorders, and glaucoma. The complex genetic networks and cellular decisions arising downstream of atoh7 expression, and how their dysregulation cause development of such disease traits remains unknown. To begin to understand such Atoh7-dependent events in vivo, we performed transcriptome analysis of wild-type and atoh7 mutant (lakritz) zebrafish embryos at the onset of retinal ganglion cell differentiation. We investigated in silico interplays of atoh7 and other disease-related genes and pathways. By network reconstruction analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified gene clusters enriched in retinal development, cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, stress response, and Wnt pathways. By weighted gene coexpression network, we identified coexpression modules affected by the mutation and enriched in retina development genes tightly connected to atoh7. We established the groundwork whereby Atoh7-linked cellular and molecular processes can be investigated in the dynamic multi-tissue environment of the developing normal and diseased vertebrate eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Covello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- Present address:
University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michele Filosi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Felipe Gajardo
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Beatrice F. Tremonti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- BDIMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - David Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics PlatformMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Miguel L. Allende
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research ‐ University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems BiologyTrentoItaly
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Centre for Organismal StudyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Visual impairment leads to a decrease in quality of life. Cataract is the most commonly
observed ocular disease in humans that causes vision disorders. The risk factors
associated with cataract development include aging, infections, eye injuries,
environmental causes, such as radiation and exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and
genetic mutations. Additionally, several cataract patients display phenotypic
heterogeneity, suggesting the role of genetic modifiers in the modulation of severity and
onset time of cataractogenesis. However, the genetic modifiers associated with cataract
have not been identified in humans yet. In contrast, the identification and mapping of
genetic modifiers have been successfully carried out in mice and rats. In this review, we
focus on the genetic modifiers of cataract in the rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Wada
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan.,Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shumpei P Yasuda
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wada K, Saito J, Yamaguchi M, Seki Y, Furugori M, Takahashi G, Nishito Y, Matsuda H, Shitara H, Kikkawa Y. Pde6b rd1 mutation modifies cataractogenesis in Foxe3 rct mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:231-237. [PMID: 29317205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Foxe3rct mutation, which causes early-onset cataracts, is a recessive mutation found in SJL/J mice. A previous study reported that cataract phenotypes are modified by the genetic background of mouse inbred strains and that the Pde6brd1 mutation, which induced degeneration of the photoreceptor cells, is a strong candidate genetic modifier to accelerate the severity of cataractogenesis of Foxe3rct mice. We created congenic mice by transferring a genomic region including the Foxe3rct mutation to the B6 genetic background, which does not carry the Pde6brd1 mutation. In the congenic mice, the cataract phenotypes became remarkably mild, and the development of cataracts was suppressed for a long time. Moreover, we created transgenic mice by injecting BAC clones including the wild-type Pde6b gene into the eggs of SJL-Foxe3rct mice. Although the resistant effect for cataract phenotypes in transgenic mice was less than that in congenic mice, the severity and onset time of cataract phenotypes were clearly improved and delayed, respectively, compared with the phenotypes of the original SJL-Foxe3rct mice. These results clearly show that the development of early-onset cataracts requires at least two mutant alleles of Foxe3rct and Pde6brd1, and another modifier associated with the severity of cataract phenotypes in Foxe3rct mice underlies the genetic backgrounds in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Wada
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan; Mammalian Genetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Junichi Saito
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Midori Yamaguchi
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuta Seki
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masamune Furugori
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Gou Takahashi
- Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shitara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the central corneal thickness (CCT) in eyes with microcornea and aphakia and without glaucoma, compare it with normal controls, and correlate it with the measured intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS The study was conducted on 62 eyes of 31 aphakic children with microcornea. Controls (20 children) were selected from age-matched children presenting for routine refraction. Detailed anterior-segment and fundus examinations were conducted. The CCT and the axial length were measured. Medical records of the study patients were reviewed for the stability of the ocular parameters over time to exclude glaucoma. RESULTS The mean±SD age of the study patients and controls were 4.0 (±3.1, 1.0 to 12.0) and 3.1 (±2.7, 0.6 to 12.0) years, respectively. The mean±SD CCT, the corneal diameter, the measured IOP, the cup/disc ratio, and the axial length of the study patients and the controls were 667.01±72.90 μm, 8.9±0.8 mm, 10.9±5.7 mm Hg, 0.1±0.1, 20.35±2.90 mm and 545.22±28.14 μm, 11.7±0.5 mm, 5.3±1.8 mm Hg, 0.1±0.1, and N/A, respectively. The difference between the study eyes and the controls in the CCT and the measured IOP was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Aphakic eyes with microcornea have thicker CCTs and greater measured IOPs than normal eyes. Hence, the measurement of CCT is recommended in the assessment of aphakic eyes with microcornea for possible glaucoma. The measured IOP, although a reliable parameter, in isolation does not provide a diagnosis of glaucoma and must be viewed in conjunction with other patient findings, such as the cup/disc ratio, the progression of which over time must be considered for a more solid diagnosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Congenital Cataract in Gpr161vl/vl Mice Is Modified by Proximal Chromosome 15. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170724. [PMID: 28135291 PMCID: PMC5279759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and severity of human congenital cataract varies even among individuals with the same mutation, suggesting that genetic background modifies phenotypic penetrance. The spontaneous mouse mutant, vacuolated lens (vl), arose on the C3H/HeSnJ background. The mutation disrupts secondary lens fiber development by E16.5, leading to full penetrance of congenital cataract. The vl locus was mapped to a frameshift deletion in the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr161, which is expressed in differentiating lens fiber cells. When Gpr161vl/vl C3H mice are crossed to MOLF/EiJ mice an unexpected rescue of cataract is observed, suggesting that MOLF modifiers affect cataract penetrance. Subsequent QTL analysis mapped three modifiers (Modvl3-5: Modifier of vl) and in this study we characterized Modvl4 (Chr15; LOD = 4.4). A Modvl4MOLF congenic was generated and is sufficient to rescue congenital cataract and the lens fiber defect at E16.5. Additional phenotypic analysis on three subcongenic lines narrowed down the interval from 55 to 15Mb. In total only 18 protein-coding genes and 2 micro-RNAs are in this region. Fifteen of the 20 genes show detectable expression in the E16.5 eye. Subsequent expression studies in Gpr161vl/vl and subcongenic E16.5 eyes, bioinformatics analysis of C3H/MOLF polymorphisms, and the biological relevancy of the genes in the interval identified three genes (Cdh6, Ank and Trio) that likely contribute to the rescue of the lens phenotype. These studies demonstrate that modification of the Gpr161vl/vl cataract phenotype is likely due to genetic variants in at least one of three closely linked candidate genes on proximal Chr15.
Collapse
|
8
|
Genetic analysis of consanguineous families presenting with congenital ocular defects. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
9
|
Jiang J, Li W, Liang B, Xie R, Chen B, Huang H, Li Y, He Y, Lv J, He W, Chen L. A Novel Prioritization Method in Identifying Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism-Related Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153006. [PMID: 27050193 PMCID: PMC4822849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genes involved in venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence is important not only for understanding the pathogenesis but also for discovering the therapeutic targets. We proposed a novel prioritization method called Function-Interaction-Pearson (FIP) by creating gene-disease similarity scores to prioritize candidate genes underling VTE. The scores were calculated by integrating and optimizing three types of resources including gene expression, gene ontology and protein-protein interaction. As a result, 124 out of top 200 prioritized candidate genes had been confirmed in literature, among which there were 34 antithrombotic drug targets. Compared with two well-known gene prioritization tools Endeavour and ToppNet, FIP was shown to have better performance. The approach provides a valuable alternative for drug targets discovery and disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Binhua Liang
- National Microbology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruiqiang Xie
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Binbin Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Yuehan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Junjie Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
| | - Weiming He
- Institute of Opto-electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (WH)
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China, Postal code: 150081
- * E-mail: (LC); (WH)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan K, Logan CV, McKibbin M, Sheridan E, Elçioglu NH, Yenice O, Parry DA, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Abdelhamed ZIA, Al-Maskari A, Poulter JA, Mohamed MD, Carr IM, Morgan JE, Jafri H, Raashid Y, Taylor GR, Johnson CA, Inglehearn CF, Toomes C, Ali M. Next generation sequencing identifies mutations in Atonal homolog 7 (ATOH7) in families with global eye developmental defects. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:776-83. [PMID: 22068589 PMCID: PMC3263993 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The atonal homolog 7 (ATOH7) gene encodes a transcription factor involved in determining the fate of retinal progenitor cells and is particularly required for optic nerve and ganglion cell development. Using a combination of autozygosity mapping and next generation sequencing, we have identified homozygous mutations in this gene, p.E49V and p.P18RfsX69, in two consanguineous families diagnosed with multiple ocular developmental defects, including severe vitreoretinal dysplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia, persistent fetal vasculature, microphthalmia, congenital cataracts, microcornea, corneal opacity and nystagmus. Most of these clinical features overlap with defects in the Norrin/β-catenin signalling pathway that is characterized by dysgenesis of the retinal and hyaloid vasculature. Our findings document Mendelian mutations within ATOH7 and imply a role for this molecule in the development of structures at the front as well as the back of the eye. This work also provides further insights into the function of ATOH7, especially its importance in retinal vascular development and hyaloid regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamron Khan
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan K, Rudkin A, Parry D, Burdon K, McKibbin M, Logan C, Abdelhamed Z, Muecke J, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Laurie K, Shires M, Fogarty R, Carr I, Poulter J, Morgan J, Mohamed M, Jafri H, Raashid Y, Meng N, Piseth H, Toomes C, Casson R, Taylor G, Hammerton M, Sheridan E, Johnson C, Inglehearn C, Craig J, Ali M. Homozygous mutations in PXDN cause congenital cataract, corneal opacity, and developmental glaucoma. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:464-73. [PMID: 21907015 PMCID: PMC3169830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior segment dysgenesis describes a group of heterogeneous developmental disorders that affect the anterior chamber of the eye and are associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. Here, we report homozygous mutations in peroxidasin (PXDN) in two consanguineous Pakistani families with congenital cataract-microcornea with mild to moderate corneal opacity and in a consanguineous Cambodian family with developmental glaucoma and severe corneal opacification. These results highlight the diverse ocular phenotypes caused by PXDN mutations, which are likely due to differences in genetic background and environmental factors. Peroxidasin is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with peroxidase catalytic activity, and we confirmed localization of the protein to the cornea and lens epithelial layers. Our findings imply that peroxidasin is essential for normal development of the anterior chamber of the eye, where it may have a structural role in supporting cornea and lens architecture as well as an enzymatic role as an antioxidant enzyme in protecting the lens, trabecular meshwork, and cornea against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamron Khan
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Eye Department, St James University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Adam Rudkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - David A. Parry
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Eye Department, St James University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Clare V. Logan
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Zakia I.A. Abdelhamed
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City District 7, Cairo, Egypt
| | - James S. Muecke
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Kate J. Laurie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Mike Shires
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Rhys Fogarty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ian M. Carr
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | - Moin D. Mohamed
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Hussain Jafri
- Gene Technology Laboratories 146/1, Shadman Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Raashid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ngy Meng
- Preah Ang Duong Eye Hospital, Phnom Penh 855, Cambodia
| | - Horm Piseth
- Fred Hollows Foundation, Phnom Penh 518, Cambodia
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Robert J. Casson
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Michael Hammerton
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Manir Ali
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|