1
|
Xiao Y, McGhee CNJ, Zhang J. Adult stem cells in the eye: Identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application in ocular regeneration - A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:148-166. [PMID: 38214071 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, present in various parts of the human body, are undifferentiated cells that can proliferate and differentiate to replace dying cells within tissues. Stem cells have specifically been identified in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, crystalline lens, iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, sclera, conjunctiva, eyelid, lacrimal gland, and orbital fat. The identification of ocular stem cells broadens the potential therapeutic strategies for untreatable eye diseases. Currently, stem cell transplantation for corneal and conjunctival diseases remains the most common stem cell-based therapy in ocular clinical management. Lens epithelial stem cells have been applied in the treatment of paediatric cataracts. Several early-phase clinical trials for corneal and retinal regeneration using ocular stem cells are also underway. Extensive preclinical studies using ocular stem cells have been conducted, showing encouraging outcomes. Ocular stem cells currently demonstrate great promise in potential treatments of eye diseases. In this review, we focus on the identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application of adult stem cells in the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanie-Jahromi F, Nowroozzadeh MH, Shaabanian M, Khademi B, Owji N, Mehrabani D. Characterization of Central and Nasal Orbital Adipose Stem Cells and their Neural Differentiation Footprints. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1111-1119. [PMID: 37670706 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x19666230905114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unique potential of stem cells to restore vision and regenerate damaged ocular cells has led to the increased attraction of researchers and ophthalmologists to ocular regenerative medicine in recent decades. In addition, advantages such as easy access to ocular tissues, non-invasive follow-up, and ocular immunologic privilege have enhanced the desire to develop ocular regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize central and nasal orbital adipose stem cells (OASCs) and their neural differentiation potential. METHODS The central and nasal orbital adipose tissues extracted during an upper blepharoplasty surgery were explant-cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells from passage 3 were characterized morphologically by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential and by flow cytometry for expression of mesenchymal (CD73, CD90, and CD105) and hematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) markers. The potential of OASCs for the expression of NGF, PI3K, and MAPK and to induce neurogenesis was assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS OASCs were spindle-shaped and positive for adipogenic and osteogenic induction. They were also positive for mesenchymal and negative for hematopoietic markers. They were positive for NGF expression in the absence of any significant alteration in the expression of PI3K and MAPK genes. Nasal OASCs had higher expression of CD90, higher potential for adipogenesis, a higher level of NGF expression under serum-free supplementation, and more potential for neuron-like morphology. CONCLUSION We suggested the explant method of culture as an easy and suitable method for the expansion of OASCs. Our findings denote mesenchymal properties of both central and nasal OASCs, while mesenchymal and neural characteristics were expressed stronger in nasal OASCs when compared to central ones. These findings can be added to the literature when cell transplantation is targeted in the treatment of neuro-retinal degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Shaabanian
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Khademi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naser Owji
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Role of the Stromal Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Pterygium Pathology: An Update. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245930. [PMID: 34945227 PMCID: PMC8707182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is a benign fibrovascular lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva with frequent involvement of the corneal limbus. Its pathogenesis has been mainly attributed to sun exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation. Obtained evidence has shown that it is a complex and multifactorial process which involves multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints, induction of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, angiogenic stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) disorders, and, most likely, viruses and hereditary changes. In this review, we aim to collect all authors’ experiences and our own, with respect to the study of fibroelastic ECM of pterygium. Collagen and elastin are intrinsic indicators of physiological and pathological states. Here, we focus on an in-depth analysis of collagen (types I and III), as well as the main constituents of elastic fibers (tropoelastin (TE), fibrillins (FBNs), and fibulins (FBLNs)) and the enzymes (lysyl oxidases (LOXs)) that carry out their assembly or crosslinking. All the studies established that changes in the fibroelastic ECM occur in pterygium, based on the following facts: An increase in the synthesis and deposition of an immature form of collagen type III, which showed the process of tissue remodeling. An increase in protein levels in most of the constituents necessary for the development of elastic fibers, except FBLN4, whose biological roles are critical in the binding of the enzyme LOX, as well as FBN1 for the development of stable elastin. There was gene overexpression of TE, FBN1, FBLN5, and LOXL1, while the expression of LOX and FBLN2 and -4 remained stable. In conclusion, collagen and elastin, as well as several constituents involved in elastic fiber assembly are overexpressed in human pterygium, thus, supporting the hypothesis that there is dysregulation in the synthesis and crosslinking of the fibroelastic component, constituting an important pathogenetic mechanism for the development of the disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee JY, Gallo RA, Ledon PJ, Tao W, Tse DT, Pelaez D, Wester ST. Integrating Differential Gene Expression Analysis with Perturbagen-Response Signatures May Identify Novel Therapies for Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:39. [PMID: 32908802 PMCID: PMC7453043 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.9.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) perturbagen prediction software to identify small molecules that revert pathologic gene signature and alter disease phenotype in orbital adipose stem cells (OASCs) derived from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods Differentially expressed genes identified via RNA sequencing were inputted into LINCS L1000 Characteristic Direction Signature Search Engine (L1000CDS2) to predict candidate small molecules to reverse pathologic gene expression. TAO OASC cell lines were treated in vitro with six identified small molecules (Torin-2, PX12, withaferin A, isoliquiritigenin, mitoxantrone, and MLN8054), and expression of key adipogenic and differentially expressed genes was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 7 days of treatment. OASCs were differentiated into adipocytes, treated for 15 days, and stained with Oil Red O (OD 490 nm) to evaluate adipogenic changes. Results The expression of key differentially expressed genes (IRX1, HOXB2, S100B, and KCNA4) and adipogenic genes (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, FABP4) was significantly decreased in TAO OASCs after treatment (P < .05). In treated TAO adipocytes (n = 3), all six tested small molecules yielded significant decrease (P < .05) in Oil Red O staining. In treated non-TAO adipocytes (n = 3), only three of the drugs yielded a significant decrease in Oil Red O staining. Conclusions Combining disease expression signatures with LINCS small molecule prediction software can identify promising preclinical drug candidates for TAO. Translational Relevance These findings may offer insight into future potential therapeutic options for TAO and demonstrate a streamlined model to predict drug candidates for other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Y Lee
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul J Ledon
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David T Tse
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sara T Wester
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tseng SCG, Chen SY, Mead OG, Tighe S. Niche regulation of limbal epithelial stem cells: HC-HA/PTX3 as surrogate matrix niche. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108181. [PMID: 32795525 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the corneal epithelium is ultimately maintained by stem cells that reside in a specialized microenvironment within the corneal limbus termed palisades of Vogt. This limbal niche nourishes, protects, and regulates quiescence, self-renewal, and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs) toward corneal epithelial differentiation. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanism by which limbal (stromal) niche cells (LNCs) regulate the aforementioned functions of LEPCs. Based on our discovery and characterization of a unique extracellular matrix termed HC-HA/PTX3 (Heavy chain (HC1)-hyaluronan (HA)/pentraxin 3 (PTX3) complex, "-" denotes covalent linkage; "/" denotes non-covalent binding) in the birth tissue, i.e., amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, we put forth a new paradigm that HC-HA/PTX3 serves as a surrogate matrix niche by maintaining the in vivo nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitor phenotype to support quiescence and self-renewal but prevent corneal fate decision of LEPCs. This new paradigm helps explain how limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) develops in aniridia due to Pax6-haplotype deficiency and further explains why transplantation of HC-HA/PTX3-containing amniotic membrane prevents LSCD in acute chemical burns and Stevens Johnson syndrome, augments the success of autologous LEPCs transplantation in patients suffering from partial or total LSCD, and assists ex vivo expansion (engineering) of a graft containing LEPCs. We thus envisage that this new paradigm based on regenerative matrix HC-HA/PTX3 as a surrogate niche can set a new standard for regenerative medicine in and beyond ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scheffer C G Tseng
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33126, USA.
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Olivia G Mead
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang LM, Lu Y, Gong L. Pterygium Is Related to Short Axial Length. Cornea 2020; 39:140-145. [PMID: 31714404 PMCID: PMC6970537 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that pterygium presents with both refractive and anatomical changes, especially short axial length. METHODS A retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study included 521 eyes from 521 patients who were enrolled through a community survey by Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital was conducted. Patients with primary pterygium in at least 1 eye were considered the pterygium group, and those with normal eyes were considered the nonpterygium group. The prevalence and length of pterygium, refractive characteristics including spherical power, astigmatism, corneal curvature, and anatomical parameters including axial length, anterior chamber depth, endothelial cell density, and corneal thickness were compared between groups. RESULTS Five hundred twenty-one eyes of 521 patients (214 men and 307 women) with a mean age of 70.5 ± 7.6 years were included in the study. The prevalence of hyperopia (81.6%, 65.1%, P = 0.001), axial length (23.1 ± 1.2 mm, 24.2 ± 2.4 mm, P < 0.001), anterior chamber depth (2.9 ± 0.3 cm, 3.1 ± 0.4 cm, P = 0.001), flat K value (42.94 ± 2.16 diopters, 43.73 ± 1.48 diopters, P = 0.002), Kmax (51.13 ± 7.74 diopters, 47.49 ± 5.62 diopters, P < 0.001), and spherical power (0.97 ± 2.40 diopters, -0.82 ± 4.40 diopters, P < 0.001) were statistically different between the pterygium and nonpterygium groups. Age (r = -0.21, P = 0.025), corneal astigmatism (r = -0.41, P < 0.001), flat K value (r = -0.39, P < 0.001), and endothelial cell density (r = -0.33, P = 0.001) were all negatively correlated with the length of pterygium. The prevalence of pterygium and severe pterygium over 3 mm were statistically different according to the severity of hyperopia (P < 0.001) and axial length (P < 0.001). Stratified χ analysis showed that axial length, rather than hyperopia, was a related factor to pterygium (odds ratio = 5.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.50-10.93). CONCLUSIONS We conclude from our study that the prevalence of pterygium is related to small eye size. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling may play a vital role in pterygium and shorter axial length. Further study focused on SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling will be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Human orbital adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells possess neuroectodermal differentiation and repair ability. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:531-542. [PMID: 31377878 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used extensively in cell therapy for repair and regeneration of several organs and tissues. Cell therapy is a valuable option to treat neurodegenerative diseases and MSCs have been shown to improve neuronal function through direct differentiation or secretion of neurotrophic factors. In the present study, we isolated and characterized stem cells from medial and central orbital adipose tissue and found that they could be grown in a monolayer culture. The orbital adipose tissue-derived cells were identical to bone marrow-derived MSCs in their cell surface marker expression, gene expression and multilineage differentiation abilities. The orbital adipose-derived MSCs (OAMSCs) express several neurotrophic factors, possess neuroectodermal differentiation ability and secreted factors from OAMSCs abrogated neuronal cell damage induced by oxidative stress. Thus, OAMSCs might be a valuable cell source for treatment of neurological diseases and to reverse oxidative damage in the neuronal cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi CJ, Tao W, Doddapaneni R, Acosta-Torres Z, Blessing NW, Lee BW, Pelaez D, Wester ST. The Effect of Prostaglandin Analogue Bimatoprost on Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5912-5923. [PMID: 30551199 PMCID: PMC6296211 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We characterize the effect of bimatoprost on orbital adipose tissue in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) with clinicopathologic correlation. Methods Orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) from types 1 and 2 TAO and control patients with and without exposure to 1 μm bimatoprost were examined via immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot for cell viability, migration capacity, lipid content, adipocyte morphology, mitochondrial content, and levels of adipogenic markers. A retrospective chart review was performed for clinicopathologic correlation. In mice, optical coherence tomography and pattern electroretinography were performed at baseline and at 1 month following a retrobulbar injection of bimatoprost, followed by orbital exenteration for histopathologic examination. Results Types 1 and 2 TAO-derived cells had a significantly higher migration capacity and lipid content than those of healthy controls. With the addition of bimatoprost, types 1 and 2 TAO and control adipocytes exhibited a significant decrease in lipid content with morphologic transformation into smaller and multilocular lipid droplets, and an increase in mitochondrial load and UCP-1 expression consistent with an increase in brown adipose tissue turnover. Retrobulbar injection of bimatoprost in mice did not alter the gross morphology, retinal thickness, or ganglion cell function in vivo. Conclusions Bimatoprost inhibits adipogenesis in OASCs and upregulates pathways involved in the browning of adipocytes. Furthermore, retrobulbar injection of bimatoprost is tolerated without immediate adverse effects in mice. Our results suggest a potential future application of prostaglandin analogues in the treatment of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Choi
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Zenith Acosta-Torres
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Nathan W Blessing
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Bradford W Lee
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sara T Wester
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, McKnight Vision Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun H, Zhu Q, Guo P, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Zhu Y. Trabecular meshwork cells are a valuable resource for cellular therapy of glaucoma. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1678-1686. [PMID: 30659738 PMCID: PMC6378204 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) contains a subset of adult stem cells or progenitors that can be differentiated into corneal endothelial cells, adipocytes and chondrocytes, but not osteocytes or keratocytes. Accordingly, these progenitors can be utilized as a cell‐based therapy to prevent blindness caused by glaucoma, corneal endothelial dysfunction and other diseases in general. In this review, we review in vitro expansion techniques for TM progenitors, discuss their phenotypic properties, and highlight their potential clinical applications in various ophthalmic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Yunnan Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology (2017DG008), Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (2017HC010), Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo P, Sun H, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Chen S, Su CW, Liu Y, Zhao H, Hu M, Zhu Y. Limbal niche cells are a potent resource of adult mesenchymal progenitors. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3315-3322. [PMID: 29679460 PMCID: PMC6010802 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal niche cells located in the limbal Palisades of Vogt are mesenchymal stem cells that reside next to limbal basal epithelial cells. Limbal niche cells are progenitors that express embryonic stem cell markers such as Nanog, Nestin, Oct4, Rex1, Sox2 and SSEA4, mesenchymal cell markers such as CD73, CD90 and CD105, and angiogenesis markers such as Flk-1, CD31, CD34, VWF, PDGFRβ and α-SMA, but negative for CD45. In addition, the stemness of limbal niche cells can be maintained during their cell culture in a three-dimension environment. Furthermore, expanded limbal niche cells have the capability to undergo adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and endogenesis in vitro, indicating that they are in fact a valuable resource of adult progenitors. Furthermore studies on how the limbal niche cells regulate the aforementioned stemness and corneal fate decision are warranted, as those investigations will shed new light on how mesenchymal progenitors reverse limbal stem cell deficiency and lead to new methods for limbal niche cell treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Department of Ophthalmology, School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- R and D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- R and D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Chen-Wei Su
- R and D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- R and D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong JSC, Chu WK, Li BFL, Pang CP, Chong KKL. Depot-specific characteristics of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1173-1178. [PMID: 29666119 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) causes inflammatory fibroproliferation of periocular connective tissues. We compared adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) from three adipose depots of each patient with TAO on mesenchymal, myofibrogenic, adipogenic properties and associated hyaluronan (HA) synthesis. METHODS ADSCs were generated from periocular (eyelid, orbital) and subcutaneous (abdominal) adipose tissues of three patients with TAO. Mesenchymal markers were characterised by reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. A 3-week adipogenic induction was evaluated by Nile red staining and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), adiponectin and hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-2. A 7-day myofibrogenic induction was assayed by immunofluorescent staining and qPCR of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS ADSCs from all depots expressed similar levels of mesenchymal markers CD44, CD90 and CD105 (p=0.288, p=0.43 and p=0.837, respectively). After adipogenic induction, intracellular lipid increased for more than 32% and PPARγ mRNA showed more than twofold increase from all three depots. However, adiponectin and HAS-2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the eyelid and orbital ADSCs than those from the subcutaneous ADSCs after induction (2.4×107, 3.9×106 folds vs below detection limit; 63.3-fold, 26.1-fold, vs 33% reduction, respectively; all p=0.002). Significantly more myofibroblasts and higher mRNA level of α-SMA were obtained from the orbital and eyelid compared with the subcutaneous ADSCs during myofibrogenic induction (80.2%, 70.6% vs 29.3%; 30.2-fold, 24.2-fold vs 1.7-fold, respectively; all p=0.002). CONCLUSION ADSCs from different adipose depots of the same donors exhibited similar mesenchymal phenotypes but differed significantly in adipogenic, myofibrogenic potentials and associated HA synthesis. These depot-specific characteristics of ADSCs may contribute to site-specific adipose tissue involvement in TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Siu Chong Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Fuk-Loi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kam-Lung Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao W, Ayala-Haedo JA, Field MG, Pelaez D, Wester ST. RNA-Sequencing Gene Expression Profiling of Orbital Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Population Implicate HOX Genes and WNT Signaling Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:6146-6158. [PMID: 29214313 PMCID: PMC5718600 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the intrinsic cellular properties of orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASC) from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and healthy controls. Methods Orbital adipose tissue was collected from a total of nine patients: four controls and five patients with TAO. Isolated OASC were characterized with mesenchymal stem cell-specific markers. Orbital adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into three lineages: chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. Reverse transcription PCR of genes involved in the adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis pathways were selected to assay the differentiation capacities. RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) was performed and results were compared to assess for differences in gene expression between TAO and controls. Selected top-ranked results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Results Orbital adipose-derived stem cells isolated from orbital fat expressed high levels of mesenchymal stem cell markers, but low levels of the pluripotent stem cell markers. Orbital adipose-derived stem cells isolated from TAO patients exhibited an increase in adipogenesis, and a decrease in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. RNA-seq disclosed 54 differentially expressed genes. In TAO OASC, expression of early neural crest progenitor marker (WNT signaling, ZIC genes and MSX2) was lost. Meanwhile, ectopic expression of HOXB2 and HOXB3 was found in the OASC from TAO. Conclusion Our results suggest that there are intrinsic genetic and cellular differences in the OASC populations derived from TAO patients. The upregulation in adipogenesis in OASC of TAO may be is consistent with the clinical phenotype. Downregulation of early neural crest markers and ectopic expression of HOXB2 and HOXB3 in TAO OASC demonstrate dysregulation of developmental and tissue patterning pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Tao
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Juan A. Ayala-Haedo
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Matthew G. Field
- The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sara T. Wester
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Dongen JA, Tuin AJ, Spiekman M, Jansma J, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC. Comparison of intraoperative procedures for isolation of clinical grade stromal vascular fraction for regenerative purposes: a systematic review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e261-e274. [PMID: 28084666 DOI: 10.1002/term.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative application of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue requires a fast and efficient isolation procedure of adipose tissue. This review was performed to systematically assess and compare procedures currently used for the intraoperative isolation of cellular SVF (cSVF) and tissue SVF (tSVF) that still contain the extracellular matrix. Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials databases were searched for studies that compare procedures for intraoperative isolation of SVF (searched 28 September 2016). Outcomes of interest were cell yield, viability of cells, composition of SVF, duration, cost and procedure characteristics. Procedures were subdivided into procedures resulting in a cSVF or tSVF. Thirteen out of 3038 studies, evaluating 18 intraoperative isolation procedures, were considered eligible. In general, cSVF and tSVF intraoperative isolation procedures had similar cell yield, cell viability and SVF composition compared to a nonintraoperative (i.e. culture laboratory-based collagenase protocol) control group within the same studies. The majority of intraoperative isolation procedures are less time consuming than nonintraoperative control groups, however. Intraoperative isolation procedures are less time-consuming than nonintraoperative control groups with similar cell yield, viability of cells and composition of SVF, and therefore more suitable for use in the clinic. Nevertheless, none of the intraoperative isolation procedures could be designated as the preferred procedure to isolate SVF. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris A van Dongen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Jorien Tuin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maroesjka Spiekman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Jansma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Berend van der Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Bergman Clinics, locations Heerenveen, Zwolle and Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Liu G. Development of orbital adipose-derived stem cells as a model for studying the formation of baggy lower eyelids. Med Hypotheses 2017; 103:78-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Ye X, Liao C, Liu G, Xu Y, Tan J, Song Z. Age-Related Changes in the Regenerative Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from the Prominent Fat Pads in Human Lower Eyelids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166590. [PMID: 27855196 PMCID: PMC5113966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of multipotent adipose-derived stem cells isolated from human orbital fat (OF) tissue has shown great therapeutic potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. But the use of stem cells for therapeutic applications is influenced by their proliferative and differentiation potentials, which may be affected by the age of the donor. So far there is little knowledge about the effects of donor age on the biological properties of human orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs). The intraorbital fat protrusion in the lower eyelids occurs as an aging process, and the protruded fat is routinely removed during aesthetic surgeries. Based on the ease of OF harvest and the availability of OASCs, we investigated in this study the relationship between age and the differentiation and proliferation potentials of human OASCs. Human orbital adipose samples were harvested from young (with normal lower eyelid appearance) and old donors (having protruded fat pads in the lower eyelids). The morphological properties of orbital adipocytes were assessed and the fat cell size displayed a decreasing trend with advancing age. OASCs were isolated from the fat samples, expanded in vitro and cultured under appropriate inducive conditions. Compared to the young cells, although no difference was found in the cell yield and phenotype expression, aged OASCs showed fewer progenitor cell numbers, reduced proliferative rates, increased senescent features and decreased differentiation potentials towards adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Our data suggested that using autologous OASCs from elderly patients for potential therapeutic purposes might be restricted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihe Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangpeng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GPL); (ZSS)
| | - Yipin Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenshun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GPL); (ZSS)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shipp SL, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Recent advances in the understanding of how neuropeptide Y and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone function in adipose physiology. Adipocyte 2016; 5:333-350. [PMID: 27994947 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1208867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the brain and the adipose tissue has been the focus of many studies in recent years, with the "brain-fat axis" identified as a system that orchestrates the assimilation and usage of energy to maintain body mass and adequate fat stores. It is now well-known that appetite-regulating peptides that were studied as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system can act both on the hypothalamus to regulate feeding behavior and also on the adipose tissue to modulate the storage of energy. Energy balance is thus partly controlled by factors that can alter both energy intake and storage/expenditure. Two such factors involved in these processes are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). NPY, an orexigenic factor, is associated with promoting adipogenesis in both mammals and chickens, while α-MSH, an anorexigenic factor, stimulates lipolysis in rodents. There is also evidence of interaction between the 2 peptides. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the study of NPY and α-MSH regarding their role in adipose tissue physiology, with an emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. A greater understanding of the brain-fat axis and regulation of adiposity by bioactive peptides may provide insights on strategies to prevent or treat obesity and also enhance nutrient utilization efficiency in agriculturally-important species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Borzenok SA, Gushchina MB, Afanasyeva DS, Shilkin GA. ORBITAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IS A NEW RESOURCE FOR TRANSPLANTOLOGY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2015-4-118-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Borzenok
- The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M. B. Gushchina
- The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D. S. Afanasyeva
- The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G. A. Shilkin
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fibroblast biology in pterygia. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
19
|
Potential Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs) for Cell-Based Therapy of the Ocular Surface. J Clin Med 2015; 4:318-42. [PMID: 26239129 PMCID: PMC4470127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity and normal function of the corneal epithelium are crucial for maintaining the cornea’s transparency and vision. The existence of a cell population with progenitor characteristics in the limbus maintains a dynamic of constant epithelial repair and renewal. Currently, cell-based therapies for bio replacement—cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) and cultured oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET)—present very encouraging clinical results for treating limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and restoring vision. Another emerging therapeutic approach consists of obtaining and implementing human progenitor cells of different origins in association with tissue engineering methods. The development of cell-based therapies using stem cells, such as human adult mesenchymal or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), represent a significant breakthrough in the treatment of certain eye diseases, offering a more rational, less invasive, and better physiological treatment option in regenerative medicine for the ocular surface. This review will focus on the main concepts of cell-based therapies for the ocular surface and the future use of IPSCs to treat LSCD.
Collapse
|