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Arora S, Verma N. Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in corneal diseases. Mol Vis 2024; 30:92-106. [PMID: 38601014 PMCID: PMC11006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicle (EV) that are released and found in almost all body fluids. Exosomes consist of and carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including genetic information in the form of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA, a type of small non-coding RNA, plays a key role in regulating genes by suppressing their translation. miRNAs are often disrupted in the pathophysiology of different conditions, including eye disease. The stability and easy detectability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of different diseases. Additionally, due to the natural delivery capabilities of exosomes, they can be modified to transport therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Most exosome research has primarily focused on cancer, so there is limited research highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, particularly in cornea-associated pathologies. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding the primary functions of exosomal miRNAs and their potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arora
- Pharma Services Group, Patheon/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Florence, SC
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhang J, Li P, Sun L, Jiang N, Guo W, Wang J, Gao F, Li J, Li H, Zhang J, Mu H, Hu Y, Cui X. Knockout of miR-184 in zebrafish leads to ocular abnormalities by elevating p21 levels. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22927. [PMID: 37086087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300067r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
miR-184 is one of the most abundant miRNAs expressed in the lens and corneal tissue. Mutations in the seed region of miR-184 are responsible for inherited anterior segment dysgenesis. Animal models recapitulating miR-184-related anterior segment dysgenesis are still lacking, and the molecular basis of ocular abnormalities caused by miR-184 dysfunction has not been well elucidated in vivo. In the present study, we constructed a miR-184-/- zebrafish line by destroying both two dre-mir-184 paralogs with CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Although there were no gross developmental defects, the miR-184-/- zebrafish displayed microphthalmia and cataract phenotypes. Cytoskeletal abnormalities, aggregation of γ-crystallin, and lens fibrosis were induced in miR-184-/- lenses. However, no obvious corneal abnormalities were observed in miR-184-/- zebrafish. Instead of apoptosis, deficiency of miR-184 led to aberrant cell proliferation and a robust increase in p21 levels in zebrafish eyes. Inhibition of p21 by UC2288 compromised the elevation of lens fibrosis markers in miR-184-/- lenses. RNA-seq demonstrated that levels of four transcriptional factors HSF4, Sox9a, CTCF, and Smad6a, all of which could suppress p21 expression, were reduced in miR-184-/- eyes. The predicted zebrafish miR-184 direct target genes (e.g., atp1a3a and nck2a) were identified and verified in miR-184-/- eye tissues. The miR-184-/- zebrafish is the first animal model mimicking miR-184-related anterior segment dysgenesis and could broaden our understanding of the roles of miR-184 in eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ping Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Luqian Sun
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenya Guo
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jungai Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fen Gao
- Kaifeng Key Lab of Myopia and Cataract, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongmei Mu
- Kaifeng Key Lab of Myopia and Cataract, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Cui
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Sufianov A, Begliarzade S, Kudriashov V, Nafikova R, Ilyasova T, Liang Y. Role of miRNAs in vascular development. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:1-7. [PMID: 36262425 PMCID: PMC9552023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Nakagawa A, Nakajima T, Azuma M. Tear miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-203 as a potential regulator of corneal epithelial cells. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34696757 PMCID: PMC8543880 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. They are found within cells and in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs have been shown to associate with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we predicted that miRNAs in tears may contribute to regulate corneal epithelial cell function. However, information on the miRNA expression profile of tears is limited and the specific functions of tear miRNAs for corneal epithelial cells are still unknown. To study the role of tear miRNAs, we determined which miRNAs are highly expressed in tears and examined the involvement of miRNAs in corneal epithelial cell viability. Methods miRNAs extracted from monkey tears and sera were subjected to microarray analysis. miRNAs of which expression levels were higher in tears than in sera were selected, and their expression levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To examine miRNA function, mimics and inhibitors of miRNAs were transfected into human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and incubated for 24 or 48 h. After transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors, the viability of HCE-T cells was measured using the water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, and microarray analysis and qPCR were performed using total RNA extracted from HCE-T cells. siRNAs of the candidate targets for miR-203 were transfected into HCE-T cells and the WST assay was performed. To determine a direct target gene for miR-203, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed in HCE-T cells using a luciferase reporter plasmid containing 3′-UTR of human IGFBP5. Results Microarray and qPCR analyses showed that miR-184 and miR-203 were expressed significantly more highly in tears than in sera (165,542.8- and 567.8-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). Of these two miRNAs, transfection of a miR-203 mimic significantly reduced the viability of HCE-T cells (p < 0.05), while a miR-203 inhibitor significantly increased this viability (p < 0.05). miR-203 mimic downregulated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1), while miR-203 inhibitor upregulated these two genes. Transfection of IGFBP5-siRNA decreased the viability of HCE-T cells. miR-203 mimic significantly diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Conclusions In this study, we identified miRNAs that are highly expressed in tears, and the inhibition of miR-203 increases the viability of corneal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that miR-203 contributes to regulating the homeostasis of corneal epithelial cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Kalaimani L, Devarajan B, Subramanian U, Ayyasamy V, Namperumalsamy VP, Veerappan M, Chidambaranathan GP. MicroRNA Profiling of Highly Enriched Human Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells by Small RNA Sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7418. [PMID: 32366885 PMCID: PMC7198595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to elucidate the microRNA (miRNA) profile of an enriched human corneal epithelial stem cell (CESC) population in comparison to differentiated central corneal epithelial cells (CCECs) by small RNA sequencing. The CESCs were enriched by differential enzymatic treatment to isolate the basal limbal epithelial cells followed by laser capture microdissection of cells with nucleus to cytoplasm ratio ≥0.7, from donor tissues. Small RNA sequencing was carried out using Illumina NextSeq. 500 platform and the validation of differentially expressed miRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and locked nucleic acid miRNA in-situ hybridization (LNA-ISH). The sequencing identified 62 miRNAs in CESCs and 611 in CCECs. Six miRNAs: hsa-miR-21-5p, 3168, 143-3p, 10a-5p, 150-5p and 1910-5p were found to be significantly upregulated in enriched CESCs, which was further confirmed by qPCR and LNA-ISH. The expression of hsa-miR-143-3p was exclusive to clusters of limbal basal epithelial cells. The targets of the upregulated miRNAs were predicted to be associated with signaling pathways -Wnt, PI3K-AKT, MAPK and pathways that regulate pluripotency of stem cells, cell migration, growth and proliferation. Further studies are essential to elucidate their functional role in maintenance of stemness. The findings of the study also hypothesize the inherent potential of hsa-miR-143-3p to serve as a biomarker for identifying CESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Kalaimani
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation -Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharanidharan Devarajan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanniarajan Ayyasamy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthukkaruppan Veerappan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowri Priya Chidambaranathan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation -Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chen Y, Fan D, Zhang X, Han S, Wei X, Wang Y, Song L. MicroRNA-184 is a key molecule responsible for the transforming growth factor-β 2 -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial-B3 cells. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:821-829. [PMID: 32356563 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism for posterior capsule opacity (PCO) in lens epithelial cells (LECs). This study aimed to investigate if MicroRNA-184 (miR-184) plays a role in the TGF-β2-induced EMT in LECs. METHODS Human LECs (HLE-B3 cells) were used in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse miR-184 expressions in HLE-B3 treated with TGF-β2 at different concentrations (0-15 ng/mL) and different time (10 ng/mL, 0-48 hours). After transfection of miR-184 mimics or miR-184 inhibitor, cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β2 for 24 hours, and the expression levels of miR-184, E-cadherin, vimentin, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen 1 and bin3 were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS TGF-β2 treatment significantly downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated vimentin generally in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. TGF-β2 treatment significantly elevated the level of miR-184 in both dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, transfection of miR-184 inhibitor RNA significantly attenuated TGF-β2-induced downregulation of E-cadherin as well as upregulation of vimentin, ZEB2, α-SMA and Collagen 1, whereas transfection of miR-184 mimic further enhanced the effects of TGF-β2 on the expressions of these markers. Furthermore, TGF-β2 treatment significantly downregulated bin3, and transfection of miR-184 mimic and miR-184 inhibitor significantly enhanced and attenuated the inhibition effect of TGF-β2 on bin3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS miR-184 plays a key role in the TGF-β2-induced EMT in LECs, and bin3 may be a downstream protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Shaoping Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongshu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
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Role of Endogenous Regulators of Hem- And Lymphangiogenesis in Corneal Transplantation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020479. [PMID: 32050484 PMCID: PMC7073692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the cornea, being the transparent “windscreen” of the eye, is free of both blood and lymphatic vessels. However, various diseases of the eye, like infections, can interfere with the balance between promoting and inhibiting factors, which leads to ingrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels. The newly formed lymphatic vessels increase the risk of graft rejection after subsequent corneal transplantation. Corneal transplantation is one of the most commonly performed transplantations worldwide, with more than 40,000 surgeries per year in Europe. To date, various anti-hem- and anti-lymphangiogenic treatment strategies have been developed specifically for the corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Currently, however, no treatment strategies are clinically available to specifically modulate lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we will give an overview about endogenous regulators of hem- and lymphangiogenesis and discuss potential new strategies for targeting pathological lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, we will review recently identified modulators and demonstrate that the cornea is a suitable model for the identification of novel endogenous modulators of lymphangiogenesis. The identification of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis and a better understanding of the signaling pathways involved will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of pathological lymphangiogenesis. This, in turn, will improve graft rejection, not only for the cornea.
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9
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Therapeutic Strategies for Corneal Wound Angiogenesis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Cao MX, Tang YL, Zhang WL, Tang YJ, Liang XH. Non-coding RNAs as Regulators of Lymphangiogenesis in Lymphatic Development, Inflammation, and Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:916. [PMID: 31616631 PMCID: PMC6763613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not encode proteins, have pivotal roles in manipulating gene expression in development, physiology, and pathology. Emerging data have shown that ncRNAs can regulate lymphangiogenesis, which refers to lymphatics deriving from preexisting vessels, becomes established during embryogenesis, and has a close relationship with pathological conditions such as lymphatic developmental diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic development, inflammation and cancer metastasis, and discusses ncRNAs' regulatory effects on them. Therapeutic targets with regard to lymphangiogenesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Xu S, Hazlett LD. MicroRNAs in Ocular Infection. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090359. [PMID: 31533211 PMCID: PMC6780979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, regulatory RNA molecules and constitute a newly recognized, important layer of gene-expression regulation at post-transcriptional levels. miRNAs quantitatively fine tune the expression of their downstream genes in a cell type- and developmental stage-specific fashion. miRNAs have been proven to play important roles in the normal development and function as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases in all tissues and organ systems. miRNAs have emerged as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Although miRNA research in ocular infection remains in its early stages, a handful of pioneering studies have provided insight into the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral ocular infections. Here, we review the current status of research in miRNAs in several major ocular infectious diseases. We predict that the field of miRNAs in ocular infection will greatly expand with the discovery of novel miRNA-involved molecular mechanisms that will inform development of new therapies and identify novel diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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12
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Lin T, Zhang X, Lu Y, Gong L. Identification of Circular RNA Related to Inflammation-Induced Lymphangiogenesis by Microarray Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:887-894. [PMID: 31295021 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as with other noncoding RNAs, have emerged as novel molecules of interest in gene regulation and in the development of many diseases. However, the expression and function of circRNAs in inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis (LG) are still unknown. Microarray profiling in inflamed human lymphatic endothelial cells identified 82 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 6 downregulated and 76 upregulated circRNAs. One of the top 10 upregulated circRNAs, cZNF609, was selected for subsequent quantitative real-time PCR validation, and was found to be significantly upregulated in inflamed corneas from both mouse and human eyes. The expression of miR-184 was significantly lower in inflamed corneas than in control ones, which suggested that cZNF609 might serve as a sponge for miR-184. The expression of heparanase, a potential target gene of miR-184, was significantly increased in inflamed corneas. Therefore, circRNAs may serve as potential regulators of corneal LG. These findings lay a foundation for functional research on circRNAs in corneal LG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhao Zhang
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Gong
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hos D, Matthaei M, Bock F, Maruyama K, Notara M, Clahsen T, Hou Y, Le VNH, Salabarria AC, Horstmann J, Bachmann BO, Cursiefen C. Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100768. [PMID: 31279005 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, novel lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) for anterior keratoplasty and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK)/Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for posterior keratoplasty have been developed. DALK eliminates the possibility of endothelial allograft rejection, which is the main reason for graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Compared to PK, the risk of endothelial graft rejection is significantly reduced after DSAEK/DMEK. Thus, with modern lamellar techniques, the clinical problem of endothelial graft rejection seems to be nearly solved in the low-risk situation. However, even with lamellar grafts there are epithelial, subepithelial and stromal immune reactions in DALK and endothelial immune reactions in DSAEK/DMEK, and not all keratoplasties can be performed in a lamellar fashion. Therefore, endothelial graft rejection in PK is still highly relevant, especially in the "high-risk" setting, where the cornea's (lymph)angiogenic and immune privilege is lost due to severe inflammation and pathological neovascularization. For these eyes, currently available treatment options are still unsatisfactory. In this review, we will describe currently used keratoplasty techniques, namely PK, DALK, DSAEK, and DMEK. We will summarize their indications, provide surgical descriptions, and comment on their complications and outcomes. Furthermore, we will give an overview on corneal transplant immunology. A specific focus will be placed on endothelial graft rejection and we will report on its incidence, clinical presentation, and current/future treatment and prevention options. Finally, we will speculate how the field of keratoplasty and prevention of corneal allograft rejection will develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Hue College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Viet Nam
| | | | - Jens Horstmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bjoern O Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Oh S, Seo M, Choi JS, Joo CK, Lee SK. MiR-199a/b-5p Inhibits Lymphangiogenesis by Targeting Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 in Corneal Injury. Mol Cells 2018; 41:93-102. [PMID: 29429150 PMCID: PMC5824028 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is involved in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. However, its role in lymphangiogenesis has been unknown. Here, we tested whether downregulation of DDR1 expression by miR-199a/b can suppress lymphangiogenesis. We also aimed to identify miRNA target site(s) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of DDR1. Transfection with miR-199a/b-5p mimics reduced expression of DDR1 and tube formation in primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells, whereas miR-199a/b-5p inhibitors showed the opposite effects. Critically, injection of miR-199a/b-5p mimics suppressed DDR1 expression and lymphangiogenesis in a corneal alkali-burn rat model. The three well-conserved seed matched sites for miR-199a/b-5p in the DDR1 3'-UTR were targeted, and miRNA binding to at least two sites was required for DDR1 inhibition. Our data suggest that DDR1 promotes enhanced lymphangiogenesis during eye injury, and miR-199a/b-5p suppresses this activity by inhibiting DDR1 expression. Thus, this miRNA may be useful for the treatment of lymphangiogenesis-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooeun Oh
- Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Minkoo Seo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
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Zhang X, Di G, Dong M, Qu M, Zhao X, Duan H, Hu X, Liu T, Zhou Q, Shi W. Epithelium-derived miR-204 inhibits corneal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2017; 167:122-127. [PMID: 29246498 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-204 (miR-204) is highly expressed in cornea, here we explored the role and mechanism of miR-204 in corneal neovascularization (CNV). Mouse CNV was induced by intrastromal placement of suture in BALB/c mice with the subconjunctival injection of miR-204 agomir or negative control. Human primary limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and immortalized microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were used to evaluate the expression changes and anti-angiogenic effects of miR-204 under biomechanical stress (BS). The expression and localization of miR-204, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that miR-204 expression was mainly localized in epithelium and down-expressed in vascularized cornea. Subconjunctival injection of miR-204 agomir inhibited CNV and reduced the expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2. Similarly, miR-204 overexpression attenuated the increased expression of VEGF by biomechanical stress in LECs, and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HMECs. These novel findings indicate that epithelium-derived miR-204 inhibits suture-induced CNV through regulating VEGF and VEGF receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingli Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Chen J, Zhu RF, Li FF, Liang YL, Wang C, Qin YW, Huang S, Zhao XX, Jing Q. MicroRNA-126a Directs Lymphangiogenesis Through Interacting With Chemokine and Flt4 Signaling in Zebrafish. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2381-2393. [PMID: 27789478 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an endothelium-enriched miRNA and functions in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. The application of miRNA as potential biomarker and therapy target has been widely investigated in various pathological processes. However, its role in lymphatic diseases had not been widely explored. We aimed to reveal the role of miR-126 in lymphangiogenesis and the regulatory signaling pathways for potential targets of therapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS Loss-of-function studies using morpholino oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system showed that silencing of miR-126a severely affected the formation of parachordal lymphangioblasts and thoracic duct in zebrafish embryos, although their development in miR-126b knockdown embryos was normal. Expression analyses by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence indicated that miR-126a was expressed in lymphatic vessels, as well as in blood vessels. Time-lapse confocal imaging assay further revealed that knockdown of miR-126a blocked both lymphangiogenic sprouts budding from the posterior cardinal vein and lymphangioblasts extension along horizontal myoseptum. Bioinformatics analysis and in vivo report assay identified that miR-126a upregulated Cxcl12a by targeting its 5' untranslated region. Moreover, loss- and gain-of-function studies revealed that Cxcl12a signaling acted downstream of miR-126a during parachordal lymphangioblast extension, whereby Flt4 signaling acts as a cooperator of miR-126a, allowing it to modulate lymphangiogenic sprout formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that miR-126a directs lymphatic endothelial cell sprouting and extension by interacting with Cxcl12a-mediated chemokine signaling and Vegfc-Flt4 signal axis. Our results suggest that these key regulators of lymphangiogenesis may be involved in lymphatic pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Rong-Fang Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Yu-Lai Liang
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Chen Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Yong-Wen Qin
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Shuang Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Xian-Xian Zhao
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.)
| | - Qing Jing
- From the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China (J.C., R.-F.Z., F.-F.L., Y.-L.L., C.W., Q.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.-W.Q., S.H., X.-X.Z., Q.J.).
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Profilings of MicroRNAs in the Liver of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Infected with Flavobacterium columnare. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:566. [PMID: 27092486 PMCID: PMC4849022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulation of many biological processes in eukaryotes, including pathogen infection and host interactions. Flavobacterium columnare (FC) infection can cause great economic loss of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which is one of the most important cultured fish in the world. However, miRNAs in response to FC infection in common carp has not been characterized. To identify specific miRNAs involved in common carp infected with FC, we performed microRNA sequencing using livers of common carp infected with and without FC. A total of 698 miRNAs were identified, including 142 which were identified and deposited in the miRbase database (Available online: http://www.mirbase.org/) and 556 had only predicted miRNAs. Among the deposited miRNAs, eight miRNAs were first identified in common carp. Thirty of the 698 miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs (DIE-miRNAs) between the FC infected and control samples. From the DIE-miRNAs, seven were selected randomly and their expression profiles were confirmed to be consistent with the microRNA sequencing results using RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. In addition, a total of 27,363 target genes of the 30 DIE-miRNAs were predicted. The target genes were enriched in five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB) signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and adherent junction. The miRNA expression profile of the liver of common carp infected with FC will pave the way for the development of effective strategies to fight against FC infection.
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