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Singh S, Brabletz S, Arnold P, Schicht M, Paulsen F. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lacrimal gland morphogenesis, damage and repair. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:401-405. [PMID: 37321448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) constitutes an important pathway in organ fibrosis seen in the lungs, liver, eye, and salivary glands. This review summarizes the EMT observed within the lacrimal gland during its development, tissue damage and repair along with possible translational implications. Existing animal and human studies have reported the increased expression of EMT regulators i.e., transcription factors like Snail, TGF-β1 within the lacrimal glands, and a possible role of reactive oxygen species, which might be initiating the cascade of EMT. In these studies, EMT is typically detected by reduced E-cadherin expression in the epithelial cells and increased Vimentin and Snail expression within the lacrimal glands' myoepithelial or ductal epithelial cells. Other than specific markers, electron microscopic evidence of disrupted basal lamina, increased collagen deposition, reorganised cytoskeleton of myoepithelial cells also indicated EMT. Very few studies have shown myoepithelial cells to be the cells transitioning into mesenchymal cells with increased extracellular matrix deposition within the lacrimal glands. EMT in animal models seemed reversible as glands got repaired after damage with IL-1α injection or duct ligation and transiently used the EMT as a means for tissue repair. The EMT cells also expressed nestin, a marker for progenitor cells in a rabbit duct ligation model. However, lacrimal glands of ocular graft versus host disease and IgG4 dacryoadenitis demonstrate irreversible acinar atrophy along with signs of EMT-fibrosis, reduced E-cadherin, and increased Vimentin and Snail expression. Future studies exploring the molecular mechanisms of EMT and thereby developing targeted therapies capable of transforming the mesenchymal cells into epithelial cells or blocking the EMT might help in the restoration of the lacrimal gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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2
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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Anjum S, Sen S, Pushker N, Bajaj MS, Kashyap S, Bakhshi S, Chosdol K, Meel R, Sharma MC. Prognostic impact of Notch1 receptor and clinicopathological High-Risk Predictors in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1467-e1473. [PMID: 33675181 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignant lacrimal gland tumour associated with poor prognosis. Aberrant Notch signalling has been investigated in various tumours. However, very few studies on Notch signalling in lacrimal gland ACC are reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of Notch1 receptor and activated Notch1 (NICD1) in lacrimal gland ACC and to correlate it with high-risk clinicopathological features. METHODS A total of 23 cases of histopathologically proven lacrimal gland ACC, who underwent surgical treatment, were included in this study. Expression of Notch1 receptor and NICD1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. The results obtained were correlated with clinicopathological high-risk features and survival of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the prognostic significance. RESULTS Overexpression of Notch1 receptor and NICD1 was observed in 65% and 39% of lacrimal gland ACC cases, respectively. On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, patients with Notch1 receptor overexpression had reduced disease free survival. On univariate analysis, male gender, bone erosion, perineural invasion, solid histologic pattern, intracranial extension and advanced tumour stage were also indicators of poor prognosis. On multivariate analysis bone erosion was the most significant poor prognostic indicator. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that overexpression of Notch1 receptor plays a critical role in the biology and aggressive behaviour of lacrimal gland ACC. Bone erosion, solid histologic pattern, advanced T stage, perineural invasion and intracranial extension are other high-risk clinicopathological predictors of lacrimal gland ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzan Anjum
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Mandeep Singh Bajaj
- Department of Ophthalmology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Department of Ophthalmology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
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Bannier-Hélaouët M, Post Y, Korving J, Trani Bustos M, Gehart H, Begthel H, Bar-Ephraim YE, van der Vaart J, Kalmann R, Imhoff SM, Clevers H. Exploring the human lacrimal gland using organoids and single-cell sequencing. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1221-1232.e7. [PMID: 33730555 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is essential for lubrication and protection of the eye. Disruption of lacrimal fluid production, composition, or release results in dry eye, causing discomfort and damage to the ocular surface. Here, we describe the establishment of long-term 3D organoid culture conditions for mouse and human lacrimal gland. Organoids can be expanded over multiple months and recapitulate morphological and transcriptional features of lacrimal ducts. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals the master regulator for eye development Pax6 to be required for differentiation of adult lacrimal gland cells. We address cellular heterogeneity of the lacrimal gland by providing a single-cell atlas of human lacrimal gland tissue and organoids. Finally, human lacrimal gland organoids phenocopy the process of tear secretion in response to neurotransmitters and can engraft and produce mature tear products upon orthotopic transplantation in mouse. Together, this study provides an experimental platform to study the (patho-)physiology of the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bannier-Hélaouët
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yorick Post
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Trani Bustos
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Kuony A, Ikkala K, Kalha S, Magalhães AC, Pirttiniemi A, Michon F. Ectodysplasin-A signaling is a key integrator in the lacrimal gland-cornea feedback loop. Development 2019; 146:dev.176693. [PMID: 31221639 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A lack of ectodysplasin-A (Eda) signaling leads to dry eye symptoms, which have so far only been associated with altered Meibomian glands. Here, we used loss-of-function (Eda -/-) mutant mice to unravel the impact of Eda signaling on lacrimal gland formation, maturation and subsequent physiological function. Our study demonstrates that Eda activity is dispensable during lacrimal gland embryonic development. However, using a transcriptomic approach, we show that the Eda pathway is necessary for proper cell terminal differentiation in lacrimal gland epithelium and correlated with modified expression of secreted factors commonly found in the tear film. Finally, we discovered that lacrimal glands present a bilateral reduction of Eda signaling activity in response to unilateral corneal injury. This observation hints towards a role for the Eda pathway in controlling the switch from basal to reflex tears, to support corneal wound healing. Collectively, our data suggest a crucial implication of Eda signaling in the cornea-lacrimal gland feedback loop, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our findings demonstrate that Eda downstream targets could help alleviate dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institut Jacques Monod, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, Buffon building, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Kaisa Ikkala
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Kalha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Cathia Magalhães
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anniina Pirttiniemi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland .,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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6
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Doddapaneni R, Tao W, Naranjo A, Nikpoor N, Tse DT, Pelaez D. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as a therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Oncotarget 2019; 10:480-493. [PMID: 30728899 PMCID: PMC6355187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of molecular targets is the first step in developing efficacious therapeutic strategies for tumors. A tumors' biological response to perturbagens yields important information on the molecular determinants for tumor growth. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland (LGACC) to intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy (IACC) in order to identify novel targets to enhance therapy. We performed high-throughput proteomic analysis on paired samples from pre-IACC diagnostic biopsies and post-IACC excised tumor samples from 6 LGACC patients. This proteomic analysis provides a comprehensive landscape of the cellular compartments contained within the excised tumors. Interestingly, we found a strong upregulation across the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, with FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) exhibiting a consistent and significant upregulation in all post-IACC samples. We thus evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel FGFR1 selective inhibitor, AZD4547, in combination with cisplatin on LGACC cells in-vitro. The combination index (CI) value (<0.895) demonstrated synergistic effect of AZD4547 and cisplatin in inhibiting cell growth and viability (p<0.02), with a differential response seen in post-IACC cultures when compared to pre-IACC cultures. The combination approach showed synergy of the drugs in the migration assay. Western blot analysis indicated a significant upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation the expression of FGFR1 (p<0.05) with the combination treatment as compared to either agent independently. Our findings demonstrate that FGFR1 inhibition potentiates the cytoreductive effects of cisplatin and suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of using AZD4547 in the management of LGACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Doddapaneni
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wensi Tao
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Andrea Naranjo
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Neda Nikpoor
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David T Tse
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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7
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Molecular regulation of ocular gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:66-74. [PMID: 30266427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The tear film is produced by two ocular glands, the lacrimal glands, which produce the aqueous component of this film, and the meibomian glands, which secrete the lipidic component that is key to reduce evaporation of the watery film at the surface of the eye. Embryonic development of these exocrine glands has been mostly studied in mice, which also develop Harderian glands, a third type of ocular gland whose role is still not well understood. This review provides an update on the signalling pathways, transcription factors andextracellular matrix components that have been shown to play a role in ocular gland development.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the recent data about orbital development and sort out the controversies from the very early stages during embryonic life till final maturation of the orbit late in fetal life, and to appreciate the morphogenesis of all the definitive structures in the orbit in a methodical and timely fashion. METHODS The authors extensively review major studies detailing every aspect of human embryologic and fetal orbital morphogenesis including the development of extraocular muscles, orbital fat, vessels, nerves, and the supportive connective tissue framework as well as bone. These interdisciplinary studies span almost a century and a half, and include some significant controversial opposing points of view which the authors hopefully sort out. The authors also highlight a few of the most noteworthy molecular biologic studies regarding the multiple and interacting signaling pathways involved in regulating normal orbital morphogenesis. RESULTS Orbital morphogenesis involves a successive series of subtle yet tightly regulated morphogenetic events that could only be explained through the chronological narrative used by the authors. The processes that trigger and contribute to the formation of the orbits are complex and seem to be intricately regulated by multifaceted interactions and bidirectional cross-talk between a multitude of cellular building raw materials including the developing optic vesicles, neuroectoderm, cranial neural crest cells and mesoderm. CONCLUSIONS Development of the orbit is a collective enterprise necessitating interactions between, as well as contributions from different cell populations both within and beyond the realm of the orbit. A basic understanding of the processes underlying orbital ontogenesis is a crucial first step toward establishing a genetic basis or an embryologic link with orbital disease.
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9
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Zhang MG, Lee JY, Gallo RA, Tao W, Tse D, Doddapaneni R, Pelaez D. Therapeutic targeting of oncogenic transcription factors by natural products in eye cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:365-374. [PMID: 29203441 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis has a multifactorial etiology, and the underlying molecular pathogenesis is still not entirely understood, especially for eye cancers. Primary malignant intraocular neoplasms are relatively rare, but delayed detection and inappropriate management contribute to poor outcomes. Conventional treatment, such as orbital exenteration, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alone results in high mortality for many of these malignancies. Recent sequential multimodal therapy with a combination of high-dose chemotherapy, followed by appropriate surgery, radiotherapy, and additional adjuvant chemotherapy has helped dramatically improve management. Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by modulating the synthesis of mRNA. Since transcription is a dominant control point in the production of many proteins, transcription factors represent key regulators for numerous cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, making them compelling targets for drug development. Natural compounds have been studied for their potential to be potent yet safe chemotherapeutic drugs. Since the ancient times, plant-derived bioactive molecules have been used to treat dreadful diseases like cancer, and several refined pharmaceutics have been developed from these compounds. Understanding targeting mechanisms of oncogenic transcription factors by natural products can add to our oncologic management toolbox. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in various types of eye cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Zhang
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - John Y Lee
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Wensi Tao
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David Tse
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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10
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Kuony A, Michon F. Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:739. [PMID: 29033846 PMCID: PMC5627580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an element of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland (LG) produces the aqueous part of the tear film, which protects the eye surface. Therefore, a defective LG can lead to serious eyesight impairment. Up to now, little is known about LG morphogenesis and subsequent maturation. In this study, we delineated elements of the cellular and molecular events involved in LG formation by using three epithelial markers, namely aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19. While aSMA marked a restricted epithelial population of the terminal end buds (TEBs) in the forming LG, Krt14 was found in the whole embryonic LG epithelial basal cell layer. Interestingly, Krt19 specifically labeled the presumptive ductal domain and subsequently, the luminal cell layer. By combining these markers, the Fucci reporter mouse strain and genetic fate mapping of the Krt14+ population, we demonstrated that LG epithelium expansion is fuelled by a patterned cell proliferation, and to a lesser extent by epithelial reorganization and possible mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We pointed out that this epithelial reorganization, which is associated with apoptosis, regulated the lumen formation. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of Notch signaling prevented the ductal identity from setting, and led to a LG covered by ectopic TEBs. Taken together our results bring a deeper understanding on LG morphogenesis, epithelial domain identity, and organ expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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11
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Sant DW, Tao W, Field MG, Pelaez D, Jin K, Capobianco A, Dubovy SR, Tse DT, Wang G. Whole Exome Sequencing of Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:BIO240-BIO246. [PMID: 28820917 PMCID: PMC5562266 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify genomic mutations in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) samples from patients. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from LGACC specimens. Whole exome sequencing (exome-seq) was conducted to screen for mutations. Capillary sequencing was performed to verify mutations in genes shared by multiple samples. Luciferase assays were used to evaluate functional consequences of NOTCH1 mutations. Results The mutation profile of LGACC was complicated. The most frequently mutated gene observed (28.6%) was bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF). No mutation was identified in common cancer genes such as TP53, KRAS, and BRAF. However, mutations predicted to be functionally severe were accumulated in the Notch signaling pathway including NOTCH1 and NOTCH2, of which mutations have been reported in head/neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Of 14 LGACC samples, five samples carry mutations in Notch pathway genes. Capillary sequencing verified all the mutations in the two NOTCH genes identified by exome-seq. Compared to the wild-type NOTCH1, three frame shifting mutations and two missense mutations (C387W and L1600Q) increased luciferase activity approximately 10- to 25-fold. Conclusions Major genomic mutation profiles in LGACC were uncovered by exome-seq. Although preliminary in nature, the Notch pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for LGACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sant
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Matthew G Field
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Anthony Capobianco
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - David T Tse
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.,Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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12
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Garg A, Zhang X. Lacrimal gland development: From signaling interactions to regenerative medicine. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:970-980. [PMID: 28710815 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland plays a pivotal role in keeping the ocular surface lubricated, and protecting it from environmental exposure and insult. Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland results in deficiency of the aqueous component of the tear film, which can cause dryness of the ocular surface, also known as the aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. Left untreated, this disease can lead to significant morbidity, including frequent eye infections, corneal ulcerations, and vision loss. Current therapies do not treat the underlying deficiency of the lacrimal gland, but merely provide symptomatic relief. To develop more sustainable and physiological therapies, such as in vivo lacrimal gland regeneration or bioengineered lacrimal gland implants, a thorough understanding of lacrimal gland development at the molecular level is of paramount importance. Based on the structural and functional similarities between rodent and human eye development, extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the signaling and transcriptional mechanisms of lacrimal gland development using mouse as a model system. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the extrinsic signaling interactions and the intrinsic transcriptional network governing lacrimal gland morphogenesis, as well as recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine aimed at treating dry eye disease. Developmental Dynamics 246:970-980, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Zhu JN, Jiang L, Jiang JH, Yang X, Li XY, Zeng JX, Shi RY, Shi Y, Pan XR, Han ZP, Wei LX. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta enhances the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activation of the Notch pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4793. [PMID: 28684878 PMCID: PMC5500528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta plays an important role in the development and progression of liver cancer. In recent years, the expression of HNF-1β has been reported to be associated with risk for a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the expression of HNF-1β promotes the malignancy of HCC and its mechanism. We retrospectively investigated the expression of HNF-1β in 90 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and found that the high expression of HNF-1β indicated poor prognosis. We overexpressed HNF-1β in liver cancer cell lines and found the expression of liver progenitor cell markers and stemness were upregulated. The invasion ability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes were also significantly higher in liver cancer cells overexpressing HNF-1β than in the control group. A mechanistic study suggested the activation of the Notch signalling pathway probably plays a key role downstream of HNF-1β. More importantly, HNF-1β promoted tumourigenesis of HCC cells in vivo. In conclusion, high expression of HNF-1β not only promoted the de-differentiation of HCC cells into liver cancer stem cells through activating the Notch pathway but also enhanced the invasive potential of HCC cells and EMT occurrence, which would contribute to the enhancement of cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ni Zhu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Hua Jiang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yang Shi
- Department of general surgery, Chinese PLA 82nd Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhi-Peng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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