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Ganglion Cell Complex Analysis: Correlations with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer on Optical Coherence Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020266. [PMID: 36673076 PMCID: PMC9858609 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze the correlations between the changes in the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) on optical coherence tomography in different possible situations, especially in eyes with glaucoma. For glaucoma evaluation, several studies have suggested that in the early stages, GCC analysis, especially the thickness of the infero and that of the inferotemporal GCC layers, is a more sensitive examination than circumpapillary RNFL (pRNFL). In the moderate stages of glaucoma, inferior pRNFL thinning is better correlated with the disease than in advanced cases. Another strategy for glaucoma detection is to find any asymmetry of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layers (GCIPL) between the two macular hemifields, because this finding is a valuable indicator for preperimetric glaucoma, better than the RNFL thickness or the absolute thickness parameters of GCIPL. In preperimetric and suspected glaucoma, GCC and pRNFL have better specificity and are superior to the visual field. In advanced stages, pRNFL and later, GCC reach the floor effect. Therefore, in this stage, it is more useful to evaluate the visual field for monitoring the progression of glaucoma. In conclusion, GCC and pRNFL are parameters that can be used for glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of the disease, with each having a higher accuracy depending on the stage of the disease.
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Mohammadi M, Su E, Chew L, Mohammadzadeh V, Caprioli J, Weiss RE, Nouri-Mahdavi K. Comparison of Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Plexiform Layer Rates of Change in Suspected and Established Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 249:12-20. [PMID: 36516918 PMCID: PMC10106372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) rates of change (RoC) in patients with glaucoma suspect (GS) and established glaucoma (EG) to test the hypothesis that IPL thickness changes would occur earlier than GCL changes in eyes with early damage. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study. METHODS A total of 64 GS eyes (46 patients) and 112 EG eyes (112 patients) with ≥2 years of follow-up and ≥3 macular optical coherence tomography scans were included. GCL and IPL superpixel thickness measurements were exported. A Bayesian hierarchical model with random intercepts/slopes and random residual variances was fitted to estimate RoC in individual superpixels. Normalized RoC and proportions of superpixels with significantly negative and positive GCL and IPL RoC were compared within the groups. RESULTS The average (SD) follow-up time and number of scans were 3.5 (0.7) years and 4.2 (1.0), respectively, in the GS group and 3.6 (0.4) years and 7.3 (1.1) in the EG group. Mean (SD) normalized RoC was faster for GCL than IPL (-0.69 [0.05] vs -0.33 [0.04]) in the GS group, whereas it was faster for IPL (-0.47 [0.03] vs -0.28 [0.02]) in EG eyes. GCL RoC were significantly negative in 24 of 36 superpixels compared with 8 of 36 for IPL (P < .001) in GS eyes. In the EG group, 23 of 36 superpixels had significant negative IPL RoC compared with 13 of 36 superpixels for GCL (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS GCL thickness is more likely to demonstrate change over time compared with IPL in glaucoma suspects. There is no evidence of preferential IPL thinning in eyes with suspected early glaucoma damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massood Mohammadi
- From the Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.M., L.C., V.M., J.C., K.N-M.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erica Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health (E.S., R.E.W.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leila Chew
- From the Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.M., L.C., V.M., J.C., K.N-M.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vahid Mohammadzadeh
- From the Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.M., L.C., V.M., J.C., K.N-M.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- From the Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.M., L.C., V.M., J.C., K.N-M.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health (E.S., R.E.W.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- From the Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.M., L.C., V.M., J.C., K.N-M.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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3
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Mohammadzadeh V, Cheng M, Zadeh SH, Edalati K, Yalzadeh D, Caprioli J, Yadav S, Kadas EM, Brandt AU, Nouri-Mahdavi K. Central Macular Topographic and Volumetric Measures: New Biomarkers for Detection of Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35904793 PMCID: PMC9344219 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the hypothesis that newly developed shape measures using optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular volume scans can discriminate patients with perimetric glaucoma from healthy subjects. Methods OCT structural measures defining macular topography and volume were recently developed based on cubic Bézier curves. We exported macular volume scans from 135 eyes with glaucoma (133 patients) and 155 healthy eyes (85 subjects) and estimated global and quadrant-based measures. The best subset of measures to predict glaucoma was explored with a gradient boost model (GBM) with subsequent logistic regression. Accuracy and area under receiver operating curves (AUC) were the primary metrics. In addition, we separately investigated model performance in 66 eyes with mild glaucoma (mean deviation ≥ -6 dB). Results Average (±SD) 24-2 mean deviation was -8.2 (±6.1) dB in eyes with glaucoma. The main predictive measures for glaucoma were temporal inferior rim height, nasal inferior pit volume, and temporal inferior pit depth. Lower values for these measures predicted higher risk of glaucoma. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for discriminating between healthy and glaucoma eyes were 81.5% (95% CI = 76.6-91.9%), 89.7% (95% CI = 78.7-94.2%), and 0.915 (95% CI = 0.882-0.948), respectively. Corresponding metrics for mild glaucoma were 84.8% (95% CI = 72.1%-95.5%), 85.8% (95% CI = 87.1%-97.4%), and 0.913 (95% CI = 0.867-0.958), respectively. Conclusions Novel macular shape biomarkers detect early glaucoma with clinically relevant performance. Such biomarkers do not depend on intraretinal segmentation accuracy and may be helpful in eyes with suboptimal macular segmentation. Translational Relevance Macular shape biomarkers provide valuable information for detection of early glaucoma and may provide additional information beyond thickness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mohammadzadeh
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melodyanne Cheng
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Heydar Zadeh
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiumars Edalati
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dariush Yalzadeh
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ella M Kadas
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the literature on three-dimensional (3D) technological advances in ophthalmology, the quantitative methods associated with this, and their improved ability to help detect glaucoma disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Improvements in measuring glaucomatous structural changes are the result of dual innovations in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology and in associated quantitative software. SUMMARY Compared with two-dimensional (2D) OCT parameters, newer 3D parameters provide more data and fewer artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Guzman Aparicio
- Harvard Medical School
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Glaucoma Service, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teresa C. Chen
- Harvard Medical School
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Glaucoma Service, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Wu Y, Szymanska M, Hu Y, Fazal MI, Jiang N, Yetisen AK, Cordeiro MF. Measures of disease activity in glaucoma. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113700. [PMID: 34653715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally which significantly affects the quality of life and has a substantial economic impact. Effective detective methods are necessary to identify glaucoma as early as possible. Regular eye examinations are important for detecting the disease early and preventing deterioration of vision and quality of life. Current methods of measuring disease activity are powerful in describing the functional and structural changes in glaucomatous eyes. However, there is still a need for a novel tool to detect glaucoma earlier and more accurately. Tear fluid biomarker analysis and new imaging technology provide novel surrogate endpoints of glaucoma. Artificial intelligence is a post-diagnostic tool that can analyse ophthalmic test results. A detail review of currently used clinical tests in glaucoma include intraocular pressure test, visual field test and optical coherence tomography are presented. The advanced technologies for glaucoma measurement which can identify specific disease characteristics, as well as the mechanism, performance and future perspectives of these devices are highlighted. Applications of AI in diagnosis and prediction in glaucoma are mentioned. With the development in imaging tools, sensor technologies and artificial intelligence, diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma must assess more variables to facilitate earlier diagnosis and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Szymanska
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M Ihsan Fazal
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
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Rzepiński Ł, Kucharczuk J, Maciejek Z, Grzybowski A, Parisi V. Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Different Multiple Sclerosis Types: Findings and Relationship with the Disability Status. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132892. [PMID: 34209692 PMCID: PMC8268329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and total macular volume (TMV) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in treatment naïve patients with the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and different multiple sclerosis (MS) types. A total of 126 patients (15 CIS, 65 relapsing-remitting MS, 14 secondary progressive MS, 11 primary progressive MS, 21 benign MS) with or without optic neuritis (ON) history and 63 healthy age-similar controls were assessed. Concerning controls' eyes, pRNFL thickness was significantly reduced in CIS-ON eyes (p < 0.01), while both TMV and pRNFL thickness was decreased in all MS eyes regardless of ON history (p < 0.01). Significant differences in pRNFL thickness and TMV between MS variants were observed for non-ON eyes (p < 0.01), with the lowest values in benign and secondary progressive disease type, respectively. The pRNFL thickness was inversely correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score in non-ON subgroups (p < 0.01), whereas TMV was inversely correlated with EDSS score in both ON and non-ON subgroups (p < 0.01). Concluding, pRNFL thinning confirms optic nerve damage in CIS-ON eyes and appears to be disproportionately high with respect to the disability status of benign MS patients. The values of TMV and pRNFL in non-ON eyes significantly correspond to MS course heterogeneity and patients' disability than in ON eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rzepiński
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Neurology Department, Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Dworcowa 110, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Kucharczuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Maciejek
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Neurology Department, Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Dworcowa 110, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 18, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Mickiewicza 24/3B, 60-836 Poznan, Poland
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Cheloni R, Dewsbery SD, Denniss J. A Simple Subjective Evaluation of Enface OCT Reflectance Images Distinguishes Glaucoma From Healthy Eyes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:31. [PMID: 34036303 PMCID: PMC8161697 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We present a subjective approach to detecting glaucomatous defects in enface images and assess its diagnostic performance. We also test the hypothesis that if reflectivity changes precede thickness changes in glaucoma there should be reduced correlation between the modalities in glaucoma compared to controls. Methods Twenty glaucoma participants and 20 age-matched controls underwent high-resolution OCT scans of one eye. 4 µm-thick enface slabs were constructed through the retina. Enface indices were depths of first gap in visible retinal nerve fiber bundles (RNFBs) and last visible bundle, subjectively evaluated in six sectors of a 3.5 mm circle around the optic disc. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) along the same circle was extracted at angles corresponding to enface indices. Between-group differences were tested by linear mixed models. Diagnostic performance was measured by partial receiver operating characteristic area (pAUC). Results First gap and last visible bundle were closer to the inner limiting membrane in glaucoma eyes (both P < 0.0001). Enface indices showed excellent diagnostic performance (pAUCs 0.63-1.00), similar to RNFLT (pAUCs 0.63-0.95). Correlation between enface and RNFLT parameters was strong in healthy (r = 0.81-0.92) and glaucoma eyes (r = 0.73-0.80). Conclusions This simple subjective method reliably identifies glaucomatous defects in enface images with diagnostic performance at least as good as existing thickness indices. Thickness and reflectivity were similarly related in healthy and glaucoma eyes, providing no strong evidence of reflectivity loss preceding thinning. Objective analyses may realize further potential of enface OCT images in glaucoma. Translational Relevance Novel enface OCT indices may aid glaucoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cheloni
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Simon D. Dewsbery
- Ophthalmology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Denniss
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, UK
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8
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Automated segmentation of optic disc and optic cup for glaucoma assessment using improved UNET++ architecture. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Precis: In open-angle glaucoma, when neuroretinal rim tissue measured by volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans is below a third of the normal value, visual field (VF) damage becomes detectable. Purpose: To determine the amount of neuroretinal rim tissue thickness below which VF damage becomes detectable. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, 1 eye per subject (of 57 healthy and 100 open-angle glaucoma patients) at an academic institution had eye examinations, VF testing, spectral-domain OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements, and optic nerve volumetric scans. Using custom algorithms, the minimum distance band (MDB) neuroretinal rim thickness was calculated from optic nerve scans. “Broken-stick” regression was performed for estimating both the MDB and RNFL thickness tipping-point thresholds, below which were associated with initial VF defects in the decibel scale. The slopes for the structure-function relationship above and below the thresholds were computed. Smoothing curves of the MDB and RNFL thickness covariates were evaluated to examine the consistency of the independently identified tipping-point pairs. Results: Plots of VF total deviation against MDB thickness revealed plateaus of VF total deviation unrelated to MDB thickness. Below the thresholds, VF total deviation decreased with MDB thickness, with the associated slopes significantly greater than those above the thresholds (P<0.014). Below 31% of global MDB thickness, and 36.8% and 43.6% of superior and inferior MDB thickness, VF damage becomes detectable. The MDB and RNFL tipping points were in good accordance with the correlation of the MDB and RNFL thickness covariates. Conclusions: When neuroretinal rim tissue, characterized by MDB thickness in OCT, is below a third of the normal value, VF damage in the decibel scale becomes detectable.
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10
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Mohammadzadeh V, Fatehi N, Yarmohammadi A, Lee JW, Sharifipour F, Daneshvar R, Caprioli J, Nouri-Mahdavi K. Macular imaging with optical coherence tomography in glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65:597-638. [PMID: 32199939 PMCID: PMC7423773 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, imaging of the posterior segment of the eye can be carried out rapidly at multiple anatomical locations, including the optic nerve head, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and macula. There is now ample evidence to support the role of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of the macula for detection of early glaucoma. Macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements demonstrate high reproducibility, and evidence on its utility for detection of glaucoma progression is accumulating. We present a comprehensive review of macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging emerging as an essential diagnostic tool in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mohammadzadeh
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nima Fatehi
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Saint Mary Medical Center - Dignity Health, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Adeleh Yarmohammadi
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ji Woong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Farideh Sharifipour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Daneshvar
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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11
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Park EA, Tsikata E, Lee JJ, Shieh E, Braaf B, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE, de Boer JF, Chen TC. Artifact Rates for 2D Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Versus 3D Neuroretinal Rim Thickness Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 32974082 PMCID: PMC7488619 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the rates of clinically significant artifacts for two-dimensional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness versus three-dimensional (3D) neuroretinal rim thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Only one eye per patient was used for analysis of 120 glaucoma patients and 114 normal patients. For RNFL scans and optic nerve scans, 15 artifact types were calculated per B-scan and per eye. Neuroretinal rim tissue was quantified by the minimum distance band (MDB). Global MDB neuroretinal rim thicknesses were calculated before and after manual deletion of B-scans with artifacts and subsequent automated interpolation. A clinically significant artifact was defined as one requiring manual correction or repeat scanning. Results Among glaucomatous eyes, artifact rates per B-scan were significantly more common in RNFL scans (61.7%, 74 of 120) compared to B-scans in neuroretinal rim volume scans (20.9%, 1423 of 6820) (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.6-50.0; P < 0.0001). For clinically significant artifact rates per eye, optic nerve scans had significantly fewer artifacts (15.8% of glaucomatous eyes, 13.2% of normal eyes) compared to RNFL scans (61.7% of glaucomatous eyes, 25.4% of normal eyes) (glaucoma group: 95% CI, 34.1-57.5, P < 0.0001; normal group: 95% CI, 1.3-23.3, P = 0.03). Conclusions Compared to the most commonly used RNFL thickness scans, optic nerve volume scans less frequently require manual correction or repeat scanning to obtain accurate measurements. Translational Relevance This paper illustrates the potential for 3D OCT algorithms to improve in vivo imaging in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli A Park
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edem Tsikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Jyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Shieh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Jules Stein Eye Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Boy Braaf
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Vakoc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett E Bouma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes F de Boer
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa C Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Scuderi G, Fragiotta S, Scuderi L, Iodice CM, Perdicchi A. Ganglion Cell Complex Analysis in Glaucoma Patients: What Can It Tell Us? Eye Brain 2020; 12:33-44. [PMID: 32099501 PMCID: PMC6999543 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s226319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by a progressive degeneration of retina ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that precedes functional changes detected on the visual field. The macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), available in commercial Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, allows the quantification of the innermost retinal layers that are potentially involved in the glaucomatous damage, including the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL), ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. The average GCC thickness and its related parameters represent a reliable biomarker in detecting preperimetric glaucomatous damage. The most accurate GCC parameters are represented by average and inferior GCC thicknesses, and they can be associated with progressive visual field loss. Although the diagnostic accuracy increases with more severe glaucomatous damage and higher signal strength values, it is not affected by increasing axial length, resulting in a more accurate discrimination of glaucomatous damage in myopic eyes with respect to the traditional RNFL thickness. The analysis of the structure-function relationship revealed a good agreement between the loss in retinal sensitivity and GCC thickness. The use of a 10-2° visual field grid, adjusted for the anatomical RGCs displacement, describes more accurately the relationship between RGCs thickness and visual field sensitivity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Scuderi
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fragiotta
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Sense Organs, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Perdicchi
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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13
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George N, Jiji C. Two stage contour evolution for automatic segmentation of choroid and cornea in OCT images. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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